Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
University · Ufa · Russia

Bashkir State Agrarian University

In research, Bashkir State Agrarian University stands highest in Life Sciences (#2,898 of 6,403 worldwide), Physical Sciences (#6,983 of 10,670 worldwide) and Social Sciences (#7,208 of 9,585 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in Agronomy and Crop Science, Animal Science and Zoology and General Agricultural and Biological Sciences (Agronomy and Crop Science is 27.7× its share of world research).

bsau.ruROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#7,457
of 22,385 · #20,880 all time
Rank in Russia
#84
of 735
Research works
1.3k
▲ 32% vs 2018-21
Citations
2.3k
1.8 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
2.4%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.62×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
75%
world 40%
International
7%
world 18%
Bashkir State Agrarian University

What is Bashkir State Agrarian University known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Life SciencesDomain #2,898 of 6,403 1.2%241 #7359
Physical SciencesDomain #6,983 of 10,670 2.1%183 #16207
Social SciencesDomain #7,208 of 9,585 3.3%132 #9279
EngineeringField #5,088 of 5,901 2.1%80 #8591
Agricultural and Biological SciencesField #2,848 of 3,157 1.4%215 #3953

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Bashkir State Agrarian University sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which of those standings moved

The same fields on both windows: where it stood over the whole record, and where it stands in 2022-now. The distance is the story, and it is the one thing the two rank columns above cannot show.

  1. Life Sciences#7,359 #2,898
  2. Physical Sciences#16,207 #6,983
  3. Social Sciences#9,279 #7,208
  4. Engineering#8,591 #5,088
  5. Agricultural and Biological Sciences#3,953 #2,848
all time2022-now, better2022-now, worse

A dot further right is a better standing. Fields it was not ranked in over the whole record are left out.

Which fields of science does Bashkir State Agrarian University work in?

In 2022-now, 40% of research at Bashkir State Agrarian University is in Life Sciences, 31% in Physical Sciences. Its largest fields are Agricultural and Biological Sciences (36%), Engineering (13%), Social Sciences (10%). It does 3.0× the world's share of Life Sciences.

Life Sciences: 276 fractional works · 40.3% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 245 fractional works · 35.9% of its workPlant Science: 52 fractional works · 7.7% of its workFood Science: 52 fractional works · 7.6% of its workAgronomy and Crop Science: 45 fractional works · 6.6% of its workGeneral Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 41 fractional works · 6.0% of its workAnimal Science and Zoology: 25 fractional works · 3.6% of its workSoil Science: 12 fractional works · 1.7% of its workInsect Science: 9 fractional works · 1.3% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 5 fractional works · 0.8% of its workAquatic Science: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 25 fractional works · 3.6% of its workGenetics: 10 fractional works · 1.5% of its workMolecular Biology: 8 fractional works · 1.2% of its workPhysiology: 3 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmacology: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workNeuroscience: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPhysical Sciences: 212 fractional works · 30.9% of its workEngineering: 89 fractional works · 12.9% of its workMechanical Engineering: 24 fractional works · 3.5% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 12 fractional works · 1.8% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 11 fractional works · 1.6% of its workMechanics of Materials: 8 fractional works · 1.2% of its workBuilding and Construction: 7 fractional works · 1.1% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 5 fractional works · 0.8% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 4 fractional works · 0.7% of its workComputational Mechanics: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workOcean Engineering: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAerospace Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEnvironmental Science: 52 fractional works · 7.6% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 14 fractional works · 2.1% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 11 fractional works · 1.5% of its workEcology: 10 fractional works · 1.5% of its workNature and Landscape Conservation: 8 fractional works · 1.1% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputer Science: 28 fractional works · 4.1% of its workInformation Systems: 22 fractional works · 3.2% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workComputer Science Applications: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEnergy: 15 fractional works · 2.2% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 12 fractional works · 1.7% of its workGeneral Energy: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workChemistry: 10 fractional works · 1.5% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 8 fractional works · 1.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 8 fractional works · 1.1% of its workGeology: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workAtmospheric Science: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workMaterials Science: 7 fractional works · 1.0% of its workGeneral Materials Science: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMathematics: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workStatistics and Probability: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workChemical Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workSocial Sciences: 150 fractional works · 21.9% of its workSocial Sciences: 65 fractional works · 9.5% of its workEducation: 12 fractional works · 1.7% of its workDevelopment: 11 fractional works · 1.7% of its workDemography: 8 fractional works · 1.1% of its workSociology and Political Science: 7 fractional works · 1.0% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 6 fractional works · 0.9% of its workCultural Studies: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workCommunication: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSafety Research: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workLaw: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGeneral Social Sciences: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 31 fractional works · 4.5% of its workStrategy and Management: 18 fractional works · 2.6% of its workManagement of Technology and Innovation: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workAccounting: 3 fractional works · 0.5% of its workManagement Information Systems: 3 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 28 fractional works · 4.1% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 17 fractional works · 2.5% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 11 fractional works · 1.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workArts and Humanities: 16 fractional works · 2.3% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 6 fractional works · 0.9% of its workArcheology: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHistory and Philosophy of Science: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPsychology: 8 fractional works · 1.2% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 4 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSocial Psychology: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workClinical Psychology: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workDecision Sciences: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workHealth Sciences: 47 fractional works · 6.8% of its workMedicine: 27 fractional works · 3.9% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 5 fractional works · 0.8% of its workComplementary and alternative medicine: 4 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEpidemiology: 3 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPathology and Forensic Medicine: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmacology: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 7 fractional works · 1.0% of its workHealth Professions: 8 fractional works · 1.2% of its workPhysical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workVeterinary: 6 fractional works · 0.9% of its workSmall Animals: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workNursing: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workNutrition and Dietetics: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workALL ITS WORKBashkir StateAgrarian…684fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences40%Physical Sciences31%Health Sciences7%Social Sciences22%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences24535.9%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology253.6%
    3. Immunology and Microbiology20.3%
    4. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics20.3%
    5. Neuroscience10.1%
    1. Engineering8912.9%
    2. Environmental Science527.6%
    3. Computer Science284.1%
    4. Energy152.2%
    5. Chemistry101.5%
    6. Earth and Planetary Sciences81.1%
    7. Materials Science71.0%
    8. Mathematics20.3%
    9. Physics and Astronomy10.1%
    10. Chemical Engineering00.1%
    1. Social Sciences659.5%
    2. Business, Management and Accounting314.5%
    3. Economics, Econometrics and Finance284.1%
    4. Arts and Humanities162.3%
    5. Psychology81.2%
    6. Decision Sciences30.4%
    1. Medicine273.9%
    2. Health Professions81.2%
    3. Veterinary60.9%
    4. Nursing60.8%
    5. Dentistry00.0%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What does Bashkir State Agrarian University specialise in?

Where its research is concentrated relative to its size: Agronomy and Crop Science takes 27.7× the share of its output that it takes of world research.

  1. Agronomy and Crop ScienceSubfield · 44.8 works28×
  2. Animal Science and ZoologySubfield · 24.8 works16×
  3. General Agricultural and Biological SciencesSubfield · 41.4 works14×
  4. Food ScienceSubfield · 51.9 works10×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient, a volume reading rather than an impact one. It surfaces small, lopsided specialities.

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 7.55× its world share, 246 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.67× its world share, 25 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.34× its world share, 2 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.09× its world share, 1 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.96× its world share, 2 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.16× its world share, 0 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.93× its world share, 10 worksChemistryComputer Science: 0.53× its world share, 28 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.71× its world share, 8 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 2.41× its world share, 15 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.86× its world share, 89 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 1.53× its world share, 52 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.28× its world share, 7 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.24× its world share, 2 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.07× its world share, 1 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.03× its world share, 0 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.46× its world share, 8 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.20× its world share, 27 worksMedicineNursing: 1.73× its world share, 6 worksNursingVeterinary: 6.27× its world share, 6 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 0.79× its world share, 16 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 1.39× its world share, 31 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 0.39× its world share, 3 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 1.93× its world share, 28 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.38× its world share, 8 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.75× its world share, 65 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 7.5×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences7.55×246 works
  2. Veterinary6.27×6 works
  3. Energy2.41×15 works
  4. Economics, Econometrics and Finance1.93×28 works
  5. Nursing1.73×6 works
  6. Environmental Science1.53×52 works
  7. Business, Management and Accounting1.39×31 works
  8. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.96×2 works
  9. Chemistry0.93×10 works
  10. Engineering0.86×89 works
  11. Arts and Humanities0.79×16 works
  12. Social Sciences0.75×65 works
  13. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.71×8 works
  14. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.67×25 works
  15. Computer Science0.53×28 works
  16. Health Professions0.46×8 works
  17. Decision Sciences0.39×3 works
  18. Psychology0.38×8 works
  19. Immunology and Microbiology0.34×2 works
  20. Materials Science0.28×7 works
  21. Mathematics0.24×2 works
  22. Medicine0.20×27 works
  23. Chemical Engineering0.16×0 works
  24. Neuroscience0.09×1 works
  25. Physics and Astronomy0.07×1 works
  26. Dentistry0.03×0 works

Who are the top researchers at Bashkir State Agrarian University?

Ranked on the quality score, Ildar Badretdinov, Ildar Farkhutdinov and Salavat G. Mudarisov lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Bashkir State Agrarian University.

  1. 1 Ildar Badretdinov Russia · #2,712,012 worldwide 214 citations · 16 works
  2. 2 Ildar Farkhutdinov Russia · #3,831,806 worldwide 228 citations · 28 works
  3. 3 Salavat G. Mudarisov Russia · #4,133,510 worldwide 509 citations · 58 works
  4. 4 Dmitry A. Gusev Russia · #4,156,306 worldwide 39 citations · 16 works
  5. 5 Ilnur R. Miftakhov Russia · #4,307,496 worldwide 61 citations · 19 works
  6. 6 С. В. Тархов Russia · #4,362,907 worldwide 41 citations · 18 works
  7. 7 Ilshat R. Akhmetyanov Russia · #4,387,660 worldwide 45 citations · 15 works
  8. 8 Bernd Degen Russia · #4,423,395 worldwide 0 citations · 18 works
  9. 9 Elza Faizovna SAGADEEVA Russia · #4,621,035 worldwide 51 citations · 15 works
  10. 10 Ilgiz G. Asylbaev Russia · #4,738,084 worldwide 62 citations · 20 works
All ranked researchers at Bashkir State Agrarian University

What are the most cited papers from Bashkir State Agrarian University?

The most cited paper from Bashkir State Agrarian University is "Efficient Long-Distance Gene Flow into an Isolated Relict Oak Stand" (Jutta Buschbom, Yulai Yanbaev, Бернд Деген, 2011), with 107 citations. Next come "Evaluation of the significance of the contact model particle parameters in the modelling of wet soils by the discrete element method" (91) and "Modeling the technological process of tillage" (85).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Efficient Long-Distance Gene Flow into an Isolated Relict Oak Stand Jutta Buschbom, Yulai Yanbaev, Бернд Деген · Journal of Heredity 27 Apr 2011 107
2 Evaluation of the significance of the contact model particle parameters in the modelling of wet soils by the discrete element method Salavat G. Mudarisov, Ildar Farkhutdinov, Rim Khamaletdinov et al. · Soil and Tillage Research 21 Oct 2021 91
3 Modeling the technological process of tillage Salavat G. Mudarisov, Ildar I. Gabitov, Yakov P. Lobachevsky et al. · Soil and Tillage Research 7 Mar 2019 85
4 Numerical simulation of two-phase “Air-Seed” flow in the distribution system of the grain seeder Salavat G. Mudarisov, Ildar Badretdinov, Зиннур Рахимов et al. · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 21 Dec 2019 62
5 Mathematical modeling and research of the work of the grain combine harvester cleaning system Ildar Badretdinov, Salavat G. Mudarisov, Ramil Lukmanov et al. · Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 29 Aug 2019 60
All 62 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Bashkir State Agrarian University?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Sustainable Development, Climate Change, Food Security, Agricultural Development, Sustainable Agriculture, Soil Fertility, Nutrition and Innovation.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development121▲ 11×34 topics
  2. Climate Change116▲ 6.2×48 topics
  3. Food Security93▲ 25×11 topics
  4. Agricultural Development51▲ 49×4 topics
  5. Sustainable Agriculture48▲ 23×9 topics
  6. Soil Fertility45▲ 30×4 topics
  7. Innovation41▲ 5.8×23 topics
  8. Nutrition38▲ 13×8 topics
  9. Digital Transformation35▲ 9.6×14 topics
  10. Agriculture35▲ 13×5 topics
  11. Functional Foods34▲ 56×3 topics
  12. Digitalization34▲ 24×8 topics
  13. Regional Development32▲ 14×8 topics
  14. Fisheries Management31▲ 42×3 topics
  15. Digital Economy31▲ 23×11 topics
  16. Biological Resources31▲ 134×1 topic
  17. Micronutrients31▲ 134×1 topic
  18. Artificial Intelligence30▲ 3.1×17 topics
  19. Renewable Energy30▲ 3.0×21 topics
  20. Meat Quality28▲ 55×3 topics
  21. Energy Efficiency26▲ 4.2×15 topics
  22. Crop Productivity26▲ 58×3 topics
  23. Climate Change Adaptation25▲ 20×3 topics
  24. Biotechnology25▲ 40×2 topics
  25. Livestock Breeding25▲ 172×1 topic
  26. Plant Genetics25▲ 172×1 topic
  27. Plant Breeding24▲ 38×3 topics
  28. Drought Tolerance24▲ 25×7 topics
  29. Food Safety24▲ 12×7 topics
  30. Soil Quality22▲ 80×2 topics
  31. Heavy Metal Pollution22▲ 364×1 topic
  32. Nutritional Programming22▲ 364×1 topic
  33. Genetic Improvement21▲ 35×3 topics
  34. Land Management20▲ 85×2 topics
  35. Forage Production19▲ 115×2 topics
  36. Institutional Challenges19▲ 287×1 topic
  37. Russian Agriculture19▲ 287×1 topic
  38. Crop Adaptation19▲ 201×1 topic
  39. Genetic Resources19▲ 148×1 topic
  40. Global Economy18▲ 21×3 topics

Which research topics does Bashkir State Agrarian University publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Food Industry and Aquatic Biology, Agriculture and Biological Studies, Animal Nutrition and Health and Agricultural Development and Policies.

Food Industry and Aquatic Biology: 31 fractional worksAgriculture and Biological Studies: 25 fractional worksAnimal Nutrition and Hea…22Animal Nutrition and Health: 22 fractional worksAgricultural Development…19Agricultural Development and Policies: 19 fractional worksAgricultural Productivit…19Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement: 19 fractional worksEconomic and Technological Developments in Russia: 9 fractional worksDigitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture: 9 fractional worksAgricultural and Financial Auditing: 8 fractional worksAnimal Nutrition and Physiology: 8 fractional worksRegional Socio-Economic Development Trends: 8 fractional works
Food ScienceGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesPlant ScienceAgronomy and Crop Science4 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Food Industry and Aquatic Biology Food Science 31 works
  2. 2 Agriculture and Biological Studies General Agricultural and Biological Sciences 25 works
  3. 3 Animal Nutrition and Health Plant Science 22 works
  4. 4 Agricultural Development and Policies Agronomy and Crop Science 19 works
  5. 5 Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement Agronomy and Crop Science 19 works
  6. 6 Economic and Technological Developments in Russia Development 9 works
  7. 7 Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture Strategy and Management 9 works
  8. 8 Agricultural and Financial Auditing General Agricultural and Biological Sciences 8 works
  9. 9 Animal Nutrition and Physiology Animal Science and Zoology 8 works
  10. 10 Regional Socio-Economic Development Trends Demography 8 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available74.9%not open25.1%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors7.1%domestic only92.9%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Bashkir State Agrarian University's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 32% higher than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Bashkir State Agrarian University as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0015% in 2024.

still counting0.0020%0.0040%0.0060%Bashkir State Agrarian University0.0025% in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works of Bashkir State Agrarian University over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting5%10%15%all institutions10.0% in 2025Bashkir State Agrarian University2.0% in 20252020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 11.4% in 2020.

Other research institutions in Ufa

All research institutions in Ufa

Share Bashkir State Agrarian University's ranking

Bashkir State Agrarian University on Science Explorer

A card with Bashkir State Agrarian University's standing and the fields it leads in, for a post or a slide. A link to this page previews as the same card.

Download the card

1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

Badges for a website1Each links back here and updates with every snapshot

Research measures only: rankings here say nothing about teaching, admissions or student experience. Comparable institutions and collaboration partners have tabs of their own, above.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Bashkir State Agrarian University. Keep it to the research: no personal attacks, advertising or links. Any reader can report a post, which collapses it for everyone until it is opened.