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Topic · Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues is a research topic within Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health. Science Explorer counts 9.2k research works in it since 1950. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the health consequences, obstetric outcomes, reproductive health, and psychological impact of female genital mutilation (FGM) or cutting. It also explores the cultural, social, ethical, and legal aspects associated with FGM, including its impact on sexual functioning and the physical and psychological well-being of women. The cluster covers a wide range of topics related to FGM, including its prevalence, medicalization, consequences for childbirth, and efforts towards abandonment.

  • Female Genital Mutilation
  • Obstetric Outcome
  • Reproductive Health
  • Labia Minora
  • Sexual Functioning
  • Psychological Impact
  • Cultural Practices
  • Health Complications
  • Social Norms
  • Ethical and Legal Issues
Research works
9.2k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
939
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+26%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
38% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (553 and 159 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 553 works
  2. 2 United Kingdom 159 works
  3. 3 India 132 works
  4. 4 Türkiye 110 works
  5. 5 China 101 works
  6. 6 Brazil 95 works
  7. 7 Nigeria 86 works
  8. 8 Italy 76 works
  9. 9 France 75 works
  10. 10 Indonesia 73 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 37.8%United Kingdom: 10.9%India: 9.1%Türkiye: 7.6%6 others listed: 34.7%38%largest
United States553 · 37.8%United Kingdom159 · 10.9%India132 · 9.1%Türkiye110 · 7.6%6 others listed507 · 34.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues research?

By volume in 2022-now, All India Institute of Medical Sciences publishes the most Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues research, followed by University College London and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 14 works
  2. 2 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 13 works
  3. 3 Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterUnited States 13 works
  4. 4 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 12 works
  5. 5 University of TorontoCanada 11 works
  6. 6 Cairo UniversityEgypt 10 works
  7. 7 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 10 works
  8. 8 Harvard UniversityUnited States 10 works
  9. 9 New York UniversityUnited States 9 works
  10. 10 Mayo ClinicUnited States 9 works

Who are the leading researchers in Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues include Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Matthias Egger and Virginia Braun.

  1. 1 Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta Pakistan 371k citations
  2. 2 Matthias Egger Switzerland 326k citations
  3. 3 Virginia Braun New Zealand 286k citations
  4. 4 Joshua A. Salomon United States 235k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues?

The most cited paper in Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues is "Randomized, Controlled Intervention Trial of Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk: The ANRS 1265 Trial" (Bertran Auvert, Dirk Taljaard, Emmanuel Lagarde et al., 2005), with 2,469 citations. Next come "Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial" (2,318) and "Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial" (2,244).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Randomized, Controlled Intervention Trial of Male Circumcision for Reduction of HIV Infection Risk: The ANRS 1265 Trial Bertran Auvert, Dirk Taljaard, Emmanuel Lagarde et al. · PLoS Medicine Open access 18 Oct 2005 2,469
2 Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial Robin L. Bailey, Stephen Moses, Corette B. Parker et al. · The Lancet Feb 2007 2,318
3 Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: a randomised trial Ronald Henry Gray, Godfrey Kigozi, David Serwadda et al. · The Lancet Feb 2007 2,244
4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines Kimberly Workowski, Simeon M. Berman · Clinical Infectious Diseases 3 Mar 2007 1,987
5 Secondary Sexual Characteristics and Menses in Young Girls Seen in Office Practice: A Study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings Network Marcia E. Herman‐Giddens, Eric J. Slora, Richard C. Wasserman et al. · PEDIATRICS Apr 1997 1,747
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues research done?

The largest centres of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), New York (United States), Istanbul (Türkiye) and Los Angeles (United States). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Nairobi.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 LondonUnited Kingdom 54 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 38 works
  3. 3 IstanbulTürkiye 32 works
  4. 4 Los AngelesUnited States 27 works
  5. 5 ParisFrance 25 works
  6. 6 NairobiKenya 23 works
  7. 7 BeijingChina 22 works
  8. 8 ChicagoUnited States 21 works
  9. 9 Washington D.C.United States 20 works
  10. 10 ClevelandUnited States 20 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. NairobiKE · 23.1 works11×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues than the world average.

See Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues on the map

Where is the best place to study Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues?

Among universities, judged by research, University College London, New York University and Johns Hopkins University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 14.23%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →New York UniversityUniversity of TorontoUniversity College L…Johns Hopkins Univer…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University College LondonUnited Kingdom 76.817.1%3.8×13 +27.5%
2New York UniversityUnited States 65.229.6%3.7×9 +18.4%
3Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 62.516.3%3.5×12 +3.9%
4University of TorontoCanada 62.517.7%2.5×11 +31.2%
5All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 60.611.9%5.8×14 +56.4%
6Cairo UniversityEgypt 41.86.2%6.3×10 +133.2%
7University of MichiganUnited States 41.514.7%2.5×8 +56.5%
8Case Western Reserve UniversityUnited States 38.213.1%6.2×8 +356.3%
9Harvard UniversityUnited States 38.112.4%1.4×10 -9.3%
10Beni-Suef UniversityEgypt 28.93.3%24.2×8 +565.0%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues, country by country

Is Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 26% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0097% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%0.015%Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues0.011% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues10.2% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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