Graphene research and applications

Graphene research and applications is a research topic within Materials Chemistry. Science Explorer counts 83k research works in it since 1950. 9.8% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the properties, synthesis, and applications of graphene, a two-dimensional carbon material with exceptional electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. The research covers various aspects such as Raman spectroscopy for characterization, chemical vapor deposition for large-scale production, and the development of graphene-based nanocomposites and transparent conductors.

Graphene
Two-dimensional Materials
Carbon Nanotubes
Nanocomposites
Raman Spectroscopy
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Electronic Properties
Graphene Oxide
Nanoribbons
Transparent Conductors

Research works: 83k
In the world top 10%: 8.1k
Top-10% rate: 9.8%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25: -11%
Largest producer: China

Graphene research and applications

Which countries lead Graphene research and applications research?

By volume, China and India publish the most (6.1k and 1.5k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

1 China 6.1k works
2 India 1.5k works
3 United States 1.5k works
4 Japan 705 works
5 South Korea 680 works
6 Iran 515 works
7 Germany 499 works
8 Russia 494 works
9 France 335 works
10 United Kingdom 321 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China6,075 · 47.8%India1,548 · 12.2%United States1,543 · 12.1%Japan705 · 5.5%6 others listed2,845 · 22.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Graphene research and applications research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Graphene research and applications research, followed by Russian Academy of Sciences and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022-now

1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 512 works
2 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 204 works
3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 171 works
4 Peking UniversityChina 106 works
5 National Institute for Materials ScienceJapan 105 works
6 University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 101 works
7 Tsinghua UniversityChina 93 works
8 University of Science and Technology of ChinaChina 87 works
9 Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina 80 works
10 Shandong UniversityChina 71 works

Who are the leading researchers in Graphene research and applications?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Graphene research and applications include Zhong Lin Wang, John P. Perdew and Georg Kresse.

1 Zhong Lin Wang United States 491k citations
2 John P. Perdew United States 436k citations
3 Georg Kresse Austria 431k citations
4 Kostya S. Novoselov United Kingdom 331k citations
5 Andre K. Geim United Kingdom 315k citations
6 Yury G. Gogotsi United States 313k citations
7 Matthias Ernzerhof Canada 276k citations
8 George M. Whitesides United States 267k citations
9 Wei Huang China 267k citations
10 Yi Ping Cui United States 261k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Graphene research and applications?

The most cited paper in Graphene research and applications is "Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films" (Kostya S. Novoselov, Andre K. Geim, С. В. Морозов et al., 2004), with 66,991 citations. Next come "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon" (43,125) and "The rise of graphene" (39,928).

Most cited papers
#	Paper	Released	Citations
1	Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films Kostya S. Novoselov, Andre K. Geim, С. В. Морозов et al. · Science Open access	21 Oct 2004	66,991
2	Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon Sumio Iijima · Nature	Nov 1991	43,125
3	The rise of graphene Andre K. Geim, Kostya S. Novoselov · Nature Materials	Mar 2007	39,928
4	The electronic properties of graphene Antonio H. Castro Neto, Francisco Javier Esteban Guinea, Nuno M. R. Peres et al. · Reviews of Modern Physics Open access	14 Jan 2009	24,968
5	Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene Kostya S. Novoselov, Andre K. Geim, С. В. Морозов et al. · Nature Open access	Nov 2005	21,624

All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Graphene research and applications research done?

The largest centres of Graphene research and applications research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Nanjing (China) and Xi'an (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in San Sebastian.

Largest cities, 2022-now

1 BeijingChina 1.1k works
2 ShanghaiChina 395 works
3 NanjingChina 347 works
4 Xi'anChina 292 works
5 SeoulSouth Korea 284 works
6 WuhanChina 217 works
7 TehranIran 205 works
8 GuangzhouChina 196 works
9 HefeiChina 187 works
10 TianjinChina 182 works

Where it is the local speciality

San SebastianES · 33.1 works15×

← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Graphene research and applications than the world average.

See Graphene research and applications on the map

Where is the best place to study Graphene research and applications?

Among universities, judged by research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Rice University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged

40%

Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share

10%

Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale

30%

Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%

10%

Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad

10%

Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.

#	University	Score	Top 10%	Specialisation	Works	Growth
1	King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsSaudi Arabia	68.0	27.9%	4.0×	21	+26.7%
2	Rice UniversityUnited States	63.4	19.8%	8.9×	29	-2.1%
3	Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States	63.2	26.4%	3.5×	36	-37.7%
4	National University of SingaporeSingapore	62.2	18.1%	3.2×	56	-27.4%
5	King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologySaudi Arabia	61.9	27.8%	5.0×	20	-24.4%
6	Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityChina	60.9	19.2%	3.3×	55	+15.8%
7	Saveetha UniversityIndia	60.7	22.6%	1.7×	24	+1499.6%
8	Peking UniversityChina	60.4	14.7%	3.5×	106	-19.1%
9	Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyUnited Arab Emirates	59.8	23.5%	5.4×	19	+2.6%
10	Tsinghua UniversityChina	59.4	15.7%	2.7×	93	-32.6%
11	Weizmann Institute of ScienceIsrael	59.2	16.5%	9.3×	20	+22.4%
12	Hunan UniversityChina	58.9	16.5%	5.4×	57	-6.8%
13	University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina	58.6	13.7%	4.2×	101	-19.7%
14	Beijing Institute of TechnologyChina	58.6	11.8%	3.2×	56	+18.8%
15	Donghua UniversityChina	57.4	18.8%	6.1×	33	+18.6%
16	Fudan UniversityChina	57.1	15.2%	2.5×	60	+3.5%
17	Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina	56.6	13.4%	3.3×	80	-4.1%
18	University of Science and Technology BeijingChina	56.0	14.5%	3.9×	45	+32.1%
19	Southern University of Science and TechnologyChina	56.0	14.9%	4.8×	38	+5.4%
20	Henry Royce InstituteUnited Kingdom	55.7	21.9%	67.5×	16	-29.2%
21	King Saud UniversitySaudi Arabia	55.2	13.8%	1.8×	26	+38.7%
22	Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina	54.9	29.7%	1.3×	16	-19.0%
23	Xiamen UniversityChina	54.8	14.0%	3.6×	46	+17.7%
24	University of Science and Technology of ChinaChina	54.6	11.1%	5.0×	87	-15.5%
25	Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina	54.5	15.5%	2.0×	55	-3.6%
26	Zhengzhou UniversityChina	54.5	14.1%	2.3×	42	+10.3%
27	Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyChina	54.4	17.1%	7.2×	46	-15.1%
28	University of ManchesterUnited Kingdom	53.7	12.7%	3.1×	38	-36.5%
29	Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyChina	53.7	13.2%	7.8×	28	+33.8%
30	Zhejiang UniversityChina	53.2	13.7%	1.7×	68	-13.5%
31	Stanford UniversityUnited States	52.9	18.2%	1.0×	22	-31.8%
32	Qingdao UniversityChina	52.9	27.1%	2.0×	20	-14.1%
33	King Khalid UniversitySaudi Arabia	52.8	14.8%	2.9×	16	+232.6%
34	City University of Hong KongChina	52.6	23.3%	2.4×	20	-16.0%
35	Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore	52.4	14.7%	2.5×	30	-36.7%
36	Yeungnam UniversitySouth Korea	52.4	17.6%	5.4×	18	+90.8%
37	Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyChina	51.5	10.1%	3.3×	40	+21.0%
38	Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina	51.4	13.0%	1.7×	52	+10.3%
39	Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyChina	51.2	17.8%	4.1×	18	+70.9%
40	University of California, BerkeleyUnited States	50.9	17.7%	1.8×	26	-35.8%
41	University of Hong KongChina	50.8	18.9%	1.8×	25	-17.5%
42	Shandong UniversityChina	49.6	11.3%	3.6×	71	-12.4%
43	Harvard UniversityUnited States	49.2	25.9%	0.3×	14	-49.8%
44	Columbia UniversityUnited States	48.4	22.7%	0.9×	15	-37.1%
45	RMIT UniversityAustralia	47.3	21.3%	2.6×	15	-14.6%
46	Hefei UniversityChina	46.9	11.8%	11.6×	17	+118.2%
47	Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina	46.7	9.8%	2.6×	69	-7.6%
48	Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyChina	46.7	19.7%	2.8×	17	-22.6%
49	China University of Petroleum, BeijingChina	45.4	30.8%	2.0×	12	-9.9%
50	Ulsan National Institute of Science and TechnologySouth Korea	44.7	14.4%	10.1×	22	-36.9%
51	Deakin UniversityAustralia	44.5	25.5%	1.6×	10	-43.9%
52	Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore	41.5	13.2%	8.0×	11	-25.1%
53	Islamic Azad University, TehranIran	37.9	7.2%	2.5×	61	-47.9%
54	Hebei Normal UniversityChina	33.8	6.2%	10.3×	16	+81.8%
55	Chouaib Doukkali UniversityMorocco	33.3	3.4%	12.4×	17	+275.8%
56	Duy Tan UniversityVietnam	25.8	4.6%	10.1×	10	-14.2%
57	Razi UniversityIran	22.1	4.4%	10.8×	14	-16.4%
58	University of ZanjanIran	19.2	6.8%	10.3×	10	-22.5%
59	University of KashanIran	18.0	2.9%	12.1×	12	-59.5%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Graphene research and applications, country by country

Is Graphene research and applications research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 11% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2019.

grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Graphene research and applications as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.070% in 2024.

Fractional works of Graphene research and applications over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Questions people ask

Who leads graphene research?

Is graphene research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 11% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2019.

Is Graphene research and applications research growing?

All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

Discussion

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Which countries lead Graphene research and applications research?

By volume, 2022-now

How concentrated that is

Which institutions lead Graphene research and applications research?

By volume, 2022-now

Who are the leading researchers in Graphene research and applications?

What are the most cited papers in Graphene research and applications?

Where is Graphene research and applications research done?

Largest cities, 2022-now

Where it is the local speciality

Where is the best place to study Graphene research and applications?

Is Graphene research and applications research growing?

Its share of all research

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Which topics inside it are moving

Related research

Questions people ask

Who leads graphene research?

Is graphene research growing?

Discussion