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Topic · Materials Chemistry

X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography

X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography is a research topic within Materials Chemistry. Science Explorer counts 29k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the advances in powder diffraction analysis, including topics such as crystallography, structure determination, pair distribution function, nanoparticles, Rietveld refinement, total scattering, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and quantitative phase analysis.

  • Powder Diffraction
  • Crystallography
  • Structure Determination
  • Pair Distribution Function
  • Nanoparticles
  • Rietveld Refinement
  • Total Scattering
  • High-Resolution X-Ray Diffraction
  • Crystal Structure
  • Quantitative Phase Analysis
Research works
29k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.9k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+9%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
23% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography

Which countries lead X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (515 and 481 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 515 works
  2. 2 China 481 works
  3. 3 Russia 268 works
  4. 4 Japan 220 works
  5. 5 Germany 197 works
  6. 6 India 159 works
  7. 7 United Kingdom 141 works
  8. 8 France 122 works
  9. 9 Italy 74 works
  10. 10 Spain 54 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 23.1%China: 21.6%Russia: 12.0%Japan: 9.8%6 others listed: 33.5%23%largest
United States515 · 23.1%China481 · 21.6%Russia268 · 12.0%Japan220 · 9.8%6 others listed746 · 33.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography research?

By volume in 2022-now, Russian Academy of Sciences publishes the most X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography research, followed by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 134 works
  2. 2 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 64 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 58 works
  4. 4 Helmholtz Association of German Research CentresGermany 35 works
  5. 5 Oak Ridge National LaboratoryUnited States 23 works
  6. 6 Argonne National LaboratoryUnited States 21 works
  7. 7 Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussia 19 works
  8. 8 Max Planck SocietyGermany 18 works
  9. 9 University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 16 works
  10. 10 Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUnited States 15 works

Who are the leading researchers in X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography?

The most-cited researchers publishing on X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography include Zhong Lin Wang, John P. Perdew and George Davey Smith.

  1. 1 Zhong Lin Wang United States 491k citations
  2. 2 John P. Perdew United States 436k citations
  3. 3 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  4. 4 Georg Kresse Austria 431k citations
  5. 5 Kostya S. Novoselov United Kingdom 331k citations
  6. 6 Kieron Burke United States 276k citations
  7. 7 Jens K. Nørskov Denmark 260k citations
  8. 8 Omar M. Yaghi United States 254k citations
  9. 9 Donald G. Truhlar United States 230k citations
  10. 10 Stefan Grimme Germany 224k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography?

The most cited paper in X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography is "Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL" (George M. Sheldrick, 2014), with 43,688 citations. Next come "OLEX2 : a complete structure solution, refinement and analysis program" (32,557) and "Balanced basis sets of split valence, triple zeta valence and quadruple zeta valence quality for H to Rn: Design and assessment of accuracy" (31,196).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL George M. Sheldrick · Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry Open access 30 Dec 2014 43,688
2 OLEX2 : a complete structure solution, refinement and analysis program Oleg V. Dolomanov, Luc J. Bourhis, Richard J. Gildea et al. · Journal of Applied Crystallography 23 Jan 2009 32,557
3 Balanced basis sets of split valence, triple zeta valence and quadruple zeta valence quality for H to Rn: Design and assessment of accuracy Florian Weigend, Reinhart Ahlrichs · Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2005 31,196
4 SHELXT – Integrated space-group and crystal-structure determination George M. Sheldrick · Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances Open access 23 Dec 2014 29,598
5 VESTA 3 for three-dimensional visualization of crystal, volumetric and morphology data Koichi Momma, Fujio Izumi · Journal of Applied Crystallography 28 Oct 2011 26,132
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography research done?

The largest centres of X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Moscow (Russia), Tokyo (Japan) and Shanghai (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Lemont and Oak Ridge.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 113 works
  2. 2 MoscowRussia 94 works
  3. 3 TokyoJapan 57 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 44 works
  5. 5 NovosibirskRussia 38 works
  6. 6 ParisFrance 37 works
  7. 7 Saint PetersburgRussia 29 works
  8. 8 TsukubaJapan 26 works
  9. 9 BerkeleyUnited States 24 works
  10. 10 Oak RidgeUnited States 23 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. LemontUS · 21.4 works39×
  2. Oak RidgeUS · 22.9 works23×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography than the world average.

See X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography on the map

Where is the best place to study X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography?

Among universities, judged by research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and University of California, Berkeley score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 18%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →École Polytechnique …University of Califo…Northwestern Univers…University of Chines…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneSwitzerland 71.034.9%9.4×10 +6.4%
2University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 67.624.1%3.8×16 +41.8%
3University of California, BerkeleyUnited States 61.232.8%3.6×9 +21.2%
4Northwestern UniversityUnited States 53.731.6%4.3×10 -11.1%
5Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussia 53.62.8%8.7×19 -4.7%
6University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 53.524.0%3.3×10 -17.0%
7Stanford UniversityUnited States 47.012.0%2.6×10 +45.6%
8The University of TokyoJapan 41.87.4%4.4×14 -11.2%
9Universität InnsbruckAustria 40.74.1%14.8×11 +19.2%
10RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany 40.66.3%5.6×12 +57.7%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography, country by country

Is X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 9% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2006. The fastest-growing topics are X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.014% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography0.013% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%X-ray Diffraction in Crystallography10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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