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Topic · Political Science and International Relations

Policing Practices and Perceptions

Policing Practices and Perceptions is a research topic within Political Science and International Relations. Science Explorer counts 11k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the impact of procedural justice, legitimacy, and racial bias on public support for policing. It delves into topics such as community policing, citizen perceptions, use of force, and the influence of police culture on public trust. The research also examines the role of social identity in shaping attitudes towards law enforcement.

  • Procedural Justice
  • Police Legitimacy
  • Racial Bias
  • Community Policing
  • Public Trust
  • Law Enforcement
  • Citizen Perceptions
  • Police Culture
  • Use of Force
  • Social Identity
Research works
11k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.1k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+17%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
49% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Policing Practices and Perceptions

Which countries lead Policing Practices and Perceptions research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (1k and 366 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 1k works
  2. 2 United Kingdom 366 works
  3. 3 Canada 159 works
  4. 4 Australia 145 works
  5. 5 Brazil 90 works
  6. 6 Germany 84 works
  7. 7 Nigeria 56 works
  8. 8 Netherlands 50 works
  9. 9 China 48 works
  10. 10 Philippines 46 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 49.0%United Kingdom: 17.9%Canada: 7.8%Australia: 7.1%6 others listed: 18.3%49%largest
United States1,002 · 49.0%United Kingdom366 · 17.9%Canada159 · 7.8%Australia145 · 7.1%6 others listed375 · 18.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Policing Practices and Perceptions research?

By volume in 2022-now, Arizona State University publishes the most Policing Practices and Perceptions research, followed by Institute of Criminology and City University of New York.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Arizona State UniversityUnited States 39 works
  2. 2 Institute of CriminologySlovenia 24 works
  3. 3 City University of New YorkUnited States 22 works
  4. 4 Griffith UniversityAustralia 21 works
  5. 5 University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 19 works
  6. 6 University of ChicagoUnited States 18 works
  7. 7 Michigan State UniversityUnited States 16 works
  8. 8 University of TorontoCanada 16 works
  9. 9 University of South CarolinaUnited States 15 works
  10. 10 George Mason UniversityUnited States 15 works

Who are the leading researchers in Policing Practices and Perceptions?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Policing Practices and Perceptions include Robert C. Reiner, David R. Jacobs and Элинор Остром.

  1. 1 Robert C. Reiner United States 160k citations
  2. 2 David R. Jacobs United States 152k citations
  3. 3 Элинор Остром United States 149k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Policing Practices and Perceptions?

The most cited paper in Policing Practices and Perceptions is "The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing" (Jason Sunshine, Tom R. Tyler, 2003), with 2,985 citations. Next come "SOCIAL UNDERMINING IN THE WORKPLACE." (1,281) and "Viewing Things Differently: The Dimensions of Public Perceptions of Police Legitimacy" (898).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing Jason Sunshine, Tom R. Tyler · Law & Society Review 30 Jul 2003 2,985
2 SOCIAL UNDERMINING IN THE WORKPLACE. M. K. Duffy, Daniel C. Ganster, Milan Pagon · Academy of Management Journal Apr 2002 1,281
3 Viewing Things Differently: The Dimensions of Public Perceptions of Police Legitimacy Justice Tankebe · Criminology 19 Dec 2012 898
4 Risk of being killed by police use of force in the United States by age, race–ethnicity, and sex Frank Edwards, Hedwig E. Lee, Michael H. Esposito · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 5 Aug 2019 897
5 An Analysis of the New York City Police Department's “Stop-and-Frisk” Policy in the Context of Claims of Racial Bias Andrew Gelman, Jeffrey A. Fagan, ALEX J. KISS · Journal of the American Statistical Association Open access Sep 2007 894
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Policing Practices and Perceptions research done?

The largest centres of Policing Practices and Perceptions research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), New York (United States), Tempe (United States) and Chicago (United States). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Tempe.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 LondonUnited Kingdom 56 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 53 works
  3. 3 TempeUnited States 39 works
  4. 4 ChicagoUnited States 37 works
  5. 5 BrisbaneAustralia 32 works
  6. 6 Washington D.C.United States 27 works
  7. 7 LjubljanaSlovenia 25 works
  8. 8 TorontoCanada 25 works
  9. 9 PretoriaSouth Africa 24 works
  10. 10 OsloNorway 22 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. TempeUS · 39.0 works22×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Policing Practices and Perceptions than the world average.

See Policing Practices and Perceptions on the map

Where is the best place to study Policing Practices and Perceptions?

Among universities, judged by research, Arizona State University, Griffith University and George Mason University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 20.7%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →George Mason Univers…Griffith UniversityUniversity of South …Arizona State Univer…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Arizona State UniversityUnited States 88.517.1%25.3×39 +41.8%
2Griffith UniversityAustralia 74.123.2%21.1×21 +49.6%
3George Mason UniversityUnited States 68.824.0%20.4×15 -4.6%
4University of South CarolinaUnited States 67.421.4%18.9×15 +85.0%
5University of the Sunshine CoastAustralia 64.623.4%55.2×12 +202.1%
6Utrecht UniversityNetherlands 63.822.1%5.4×9 +58.1%
7University of CincinnatiUnited States 60.922.6%8.2×11 +23.4%
8University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 60.811.4%6.7×19 +14.1%
9The Open UniversityUnited Kingdom 59.929.3%25.0×8 +24.0%
10Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael 57.712.5%10.9×14 +81.1%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Policing Practices and Perceptions, country by country

Is Policing Practices and Perceptions research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 17% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Policing Practices and Perceptions.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Policing Practices and Perceptions as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.010% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%0.015%Policing Practices and Perceptions0.010% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Policing Practices and Perceptions over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Policing Practices and Perceptions10.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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