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Topic · Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect

Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect is a research topic within Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics. Science Explorer counts 14k research works in it since 1950. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the Casimir effect, quantum vacuum fluctuations, and related phenomena such as analogue gravity, dynamical Casimir effect, Hawking radiation, and van der Waals forces. It explores applications in superconducting circuits, Bose-Einstein condensates, and metamaterials, as well as the effects of nanostructured surfaces on Casimir forces.

  • Casimir Effect
  • Quantum Vacuum
  • Analogue Gravity
  • Dynamical Casimir Effect
  • Hawking Radiation
  • Van der Waals Forces
  • Superconducting Circuits
  • Bose-Einstein Condensates
  • Metamaterials
  • Nanostructured Surfaces
Research works
14k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.4k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+8%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
24% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect

Which countries lead Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (386 and 365 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 386 works
  2. 2 China 365 works
  3. 3 India 131 works
  4. 4 Brazil 124 works
  5. 5 Germany 108 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 104 works
  7. 7 Italy 102 works
  8. 8 Russia 97 works
  9. 9 France 96 works
  10. 10 Japan 77 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 24.3%China: 22.9%India: 8.3%Brazil: 7.8%6 others listed: 36.7%24%largest
United States386 · 24.3%China365 · 22.9%India131 · 8.3%Brazil124 · 7.8%6 others listed584 · 36.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect research?

By volume in 2022-now, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect research, followed by Russian Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 45 works
  2. 2 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 33 works
  3. 3 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 28 works
  4. 4 Eastern Mediterranean UniversityCyprus 17 works
  5. 5 University of WaterlooCanada 15 works
  6. 6 Hunan Normal UniversityChina 14 works
  7. 7 Max Planck SocietyGermany 14 works
  8. 8 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico 14 works
  9. 9 Perimeter InstituteCanada 13 works
  10. 10 Stanford UniversityUnited States 12 works

Who are the leading researchers in Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect include John P. Perdew, Kostya S. Novoselov and Andre K. Geim.

  1. 1 John P. Perdew United States 436k citations
  2. 2 Kostya S. Novoselov United Kingdom 331k citations
  3. 3 Andre K. Geim United Kingdom 315k citations
  4. 4 Kenji Watanabe Japan 237k citations
  5. 5 Takashi Taniguchi Japan 227k citations
  6. 6 Daniel A. Bloch France 190k citations
  7. 7 Edward H. Witten United States 174k citations
  8. 8 Douglas Scott Canada 172k citations
  9. 9 Sanjit Mitra India 167k citations
  10. 10 Martin Karplus United States 160k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect?

The most cited paper in Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect is "The calculation of small molecular interactions by the differences of separate total energies. Some procedures with reduced errors" (Samuel Francis Boys, Fernando Bernardi, 1970), with 22,220 citations. Next come "Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene" (21,624) and "Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics" (14,068).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The calculation of small molecular interactions by the differences of separate total energies. Some procedures with reduced errors Samuel Francis Boys, Fernando Bernardi · Molecular Physics Oct 1970 22,220
2 Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene Kostya S. Novoselov, Andre K. Geim, С. В. Морозов et al. · Nature Open access Nov 2005 21,624
3 Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid-State Physics and Electronics Eli Yablonovitch · Physical Review Letters Open access 18 May 1987 14,068
4 Particle creation by black holes Stephen William Hawking · Communications in Mathematical Physics Aug 1975 13,167
5 A Model for Collision Processes in Gases. I. Small Amplitude Processes in Charged and Neutral One-Component Systems Prabhu L. Bhatnagar, Eugene P. Gross, Max Krook · Physical Review May 1954 8,631
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect research done?

The largest centres of Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Moscow (Russia), Paris (France) and Shanghai (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Waterloo.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 56 works
  2. 2 MoscowRussia 43 works
  3. 3 ParisFrance 38 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 30 works
  5. 5 LondonUnited Kingdom 30 works
  6. 6 WaterlooCanada 28 works
  7. 7 Mexico CityMexico 26 works
  8. 8 Saint PetersburgRussia 22 works
  9. 9 MadridSpain 22 works
  10. 10 WuhanChina 22 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. WaterlooCA · 27.8 works18×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect than the world average.

See Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect on the map

Where is the best place to study Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect?

Among universities, judged by research, Eastern Mediterranean University, University of Waterloo and Stanford University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 16.52%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Princeton UniversityStanford UniversityEastern Mediterranea…University of Waterloo
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Eastern Mediterranean UniversityCyprus 83.716.7%134.1×17 +202.3%
2University of WaterlooCanada 75.112.9%13.5×15 +14.0%
3Stanford UniversityUnited States 73.821.9%4.1×12 +10.2%
4Princeton UniversityUnited States 67.823.6%10.7×10 +11.0%
5Hunan Normal UniversityChina 58.414.8%30.6×14 +10.5%
6University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 52.416.6%3.5×8 +22.2%
7Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico 43.43.5%6.8×14 +9.1%
8University of Science and Technology of ChinaChina 41.618.9%3.5×8 +57.8%
9The University of TokyoJapan 40.619.9%3.5×9 +3.4%
10Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 39.816.4%1.6×9 +80.1%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect, country by country

Is Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 8% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0076% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect0.0095% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect11.5% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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