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Topic · Mechanical Engineering

Teleoperation and Haptic Systems

Teleoperation and Haptic Systems is a research topic within Mechanical Engineering. Science Explorer counts 18k research works in it since 1951. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the research and development of bilateral teleoperation systems in robotics and haptics. It covers topics such as time delay compensation, passivity control, haptic interfaces, force feedback, and human-machine collaboration. The applications range from internet-based teleoperation to shared virtual environments and medical training simulations.

  • Teleoperation
  • Haptic Interfaces
  • Time Delay
  • Passivity Control
  • Virtual Environments
  • Force Feedback
  • Robotic Manipulators
  • Internet-based Teleoperation
  • Adaptive Control
  • Human-Machine Collaboration
Research works
18k
fractional, since 1951
In the world top 10%
1.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+20%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
39% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Teleoperation and Haptic Systems

Which countries lead Teleoperation and Haptic Systems research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (1.1k and 412 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 1.1k works
  2. 2 United States 412 works
  3. 3 Japan 405 works
  4. 4 Germany 186 works
  5. 5 South Korea 154 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 142 works
  7. 7 Italy 134 works
  8. 8 India 128 works
  9. 9 France 99 works
  10. 10 Canada 86 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 39.3%United States: 14.3%Japan: 14.1%Germany: 6.5%6 others listed: 25.9%39%largest
China1,132 · 39.3%United States412 · 14.3%Japan405 · 14.1%Germany186 · 6.5%6 others listed744 · 25.9%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Teleoperation and Haptic Systems research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Teleoperation and Haptic Systems research, followed by Harbin Institute of Technology and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 52 works
  2. 2 Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina 46 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 35 works
  4. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 34 works
  5. 5 Beihang UniversityChina 34 works
  6. 6 Beijing Institute of TechnologyChina 29 works
  7. 7 Keio UniversityJapan 28 works
  8. 8 Technical University of MunichGermany 27 works
  9. 9 The University of TokyoJapan 27 works
  10. 10 Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologySouth Korea 25 works

Who are the leading researchers in Teleoperation and Haptic Systems?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Teleoperation and Haptic Systems include Xiangyu Zhang, Xiaogang Wang and Li Fei-Fei.

  1. 1 Xiangyu Zhang 327k citations
  2. 2 Xiaogang Wang China 260k citations
  3. 3 Li Fei-Fei United States 225k citations
  4. 4 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  5. 5 Hua Zhang Singapore 196k citations
  6. 6 Gábor Marth United States 167k citations
  7. 7 Han Zhang China 161k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Teleoperation and Haptic Systems?

The most cited paper in Teleoperation and Haptic Systems is "A unified approach for motion and force control of robot manipulators: The operational space formulation" (Oussama Khatib, 1987), with 2,965 citations. Next come "Bilateral control of teleoperators with time delay" (2,132) and "Stability and transparency in bilateral teleoperation" (2,066).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 A unified approach for motion and force control of robot manipulators: The operational space formulation Oussama Khatib · IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation Feb 1987 2,965
2 Bilateral control of teleoperators with time delay Robert J. Anderson, Mark W. Spong · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control May 1989 2,132
3 Stability and transparency in bilateral teleoperation Dale Lawrence · IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 1993 2,066
4 From presence to consciousness through virtual reality Maria Victoria Sanchez-Vives, Mel Slater · Nature reviews. Neuroscience ReviewOpen access Apr 2005 1,840
5 A nonlinear disturbance observer for robotic manipulators Wen‐Hua Chen, Donald J. Ballance, P.J. Gawthrop et al. · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Open access 2000 1,760
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Teleoperation and Haptic Systems research done?

The largest centres of Teleoperation and Haptic Systems research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Tokyo (Japan), Shanghai (China) and Nanjing (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Nagoya.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 220 works
  2. 2 TokyoJapan 164 works
  3. 3 ShanghaiChina 84 works
  4. 4 NanjingChina 76 works
  5. 5 HarbinChina 58 works
  6. 6 SeoulSouth Korea 52 works
  7. 7 HangzhouChina 51 works
  8. 8 GuangzhouChina 51 works
  9. 9 ShenzhenChina 43 works
  10. 10 Xi'anChina 41 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. NagoyaJP · 26.0 works7.5×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Teleoperation and Haptic Systems than the world average.

See Teleoperation and Haptic Systems on the map

Where is the best place to study Teleoperation and Haptic Systems?

Among universities, judged by research, Technical University of Munich, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Florida score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 18.96%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of FloridaShanghai Jiao Tong U…Korea Advanced Insti…Technical University…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Technical University of MunichGermany 63.210.4%10.0×27 +18.8%
2Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 61.716.9%3.8×34 +35.3%
3University of FloridaUnited States 61.235.1%3.2×11 +149.2%
4Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologySouth Korea 61.116.1%16.7×25 +77.6%
5Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina 60.026.6%3.5×9 +180.3%
6National University of SingaporeSingapore 59.527.7%3.1×12 +32.5%
7Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina 58.912.2%8.9×46 +5.0%
8Beihang UniversityChina 58.511.8%9.9×34 +65.4%
9Carnegie Mellon UniversityUnited States 56.521.1%8.3×11 +60.7%
10Beijing Institute of TechnologyChina 56.011.7%7.8×29 +65.3%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Teleoperation and Haptic Systems, country by country

Is Teleoperation and Haptic Systems research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 20% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Teleoperation and Haptic Systems.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Teleoperation and Haptic Systems as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.015% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%0.060%Teleoperation and Haptic Systems0.018% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Teleoperation and Haptic Systems over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Teleoperation and Haptic Systems9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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