Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
Topic · Mechanical Engineering

Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics

Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics is a research topic within Mechanical Engineering. Science Explorer counts 43k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the development, application, and optimization of thermochemical software and databases in metallurgical processes, particularly in the context of steel casting, slag chemistry, inclusion control, solidification modeling, mold fluxes, and heat recovery. The research encompasses a wide range of topics such as thermodynamic modeling, phase equilibrium, fluid flow, and the utilization of waste heat in the steelmaking industry.

  • Thermochemical
  • Metallurgy
  • Databases
  • Steel Casting
  • Slag Chemistry
  • Inclusion Control
  • Solidification Modeling
  • Mold Fluxes
  • Heat Recovery
  • Continuous Casting
Research works
43k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
4.2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+26%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
58% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics

Which countries lead Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (3.1k and 466 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 3.1k works
  2. 2 United States 466 works
  3. 3 Russia 426 works
  4. 4 India 296 works
  5. 5 Japan 266 works
  6. 6 Germany 211 works
  7. 7 South Korea 140 works
  8. 8 Australia 139 works
  9. 9 Canada 128 works
  10. 10 France 121 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 58.2%United States: 8.9%Russia: 8.1%India: 5.6%6 others listed: 19.2%58%largest
China3,055 · 58.2%United States466 · 8.9%Russia426 · 8.1%India296 · 5.6%6 others listed1,005 · 19.2%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics research?

By volume in 2022-now, University of Science and Technology Beijing publishes the most Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics research, followed by Northeastern University and Russian Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 University of Science and Technology BeijingChina 416 works
  2. 2 Northeastern UniversityChina 328 works
  3. 3 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 161 works
  4. 4 Central South UniversityChina 144 works
  5. 5 Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyChina 111 works
  6. 6 Kunming University of Science and TechnologyChina 95 works
  7. 7 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 86 works
  8. 8 Chongqing UniversityChina 84 works
  9. 9 Shanghai UniversityChina 65 works
  10. 10 University of Science and Technology LiaoningChina 61 works

Who are the leading researchers in Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics include Wei Huang, Kai You Wang and Harry Eugene Stanley.

  1. 1 Wei Huang China 267k citations
  2. 2 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  3. 3 Harry Eugene Stanley United States 198k citations
  4. 4 Hua Zhang Singapore 196k citations
  5. 5 John Bannister Goodenough United States 175k citations
  6. 6 Kalyanmoy Deb United States 171k citations
  7. 7 Kazuo Shinozaki Japan 170k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics?

The most cited paper in Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics is "The Thermo-Calc databank system" (Bo Sundman, Bo Jansson, Jan-Olof Andersson, 1985), with 3,363 citations. Next come "FactSage thermochemical software and databases" (2,300) and "FactSage thermochemical software and databases, 2010–2016" (2,069).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Thermo-Calc databank system Bo Sundman, Bo Jansson, Jan-Olof Andersson · Calphad Apr 1985 3,363
2 FactSage thermochemical software and databases Christopher William Bale, Patrice Chartrand, Sergei A. Degterov et al. · Calphad Jun 2002 2,300
3 FactSage thermochemical software and databases, 2010–2016 Christopher William Bale, Ève Bélisle, Patrice Chartrand et al. · Calphad Open access 9 Jun 2016 2,069
4 The theory of Ostwald ripening Peter W. Voorhees · Journal of Statistical Physics 1985 2,065
5 FactSage thermochemical software and databases — recent developments Christopher William Bale, Ève Bélisle, P. Chartrand et al. · Calphad 11 Oct 2008 1,666
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics research done?

The largest centres of Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shenyang (China), Changsha (China) and Wuhan (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Anshan, Leoben and Freiberg.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 805 works
  2. 2 ShenyangChina 371 works
  3. 3 ChangshaChina 158 works
  4. 4 WuhanChina 151 works
  5. 5 ShanghaiChina 150 works
  6. 6 MoscowRussia 128 works
  7. 7 KunmingChina 116 works
  8. 8 ChongqingChina 108 works
  9. 9 Xi'anChina 106 works
  10. 10 YekaterinburgRussia 95 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. AnshanCN · 83.6 works77×
  2. LeobenAT · 48.0 works68×
  3. FreibergDE · 31.9 works57×
  4. Ma'anshan CityCN · 54.2 works44×
  5. BaotouCN · 53.8 works41×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics than the world average.

See Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics on the map

Where is the best place to study Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Northeastern University and Central South University score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 19.1%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →China University of …Northeastern Univers…Central South Univer…University of Scienc…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of Science and Technology BeijingChina 67.913.7%91.0×416 +50.6%
2Northeastern UniversityChina 67.716.2%62.6×328 +56.9%
3Central South UniversityChina 63.214.4%12.7×144 +65.7%
4China University of Mining and TechnologyChina 60.331.0%4.9×23 -4.3%
5Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyChina 59.317.1%56.3×110 +65.6%
6Montanuniversität LeobenAustria 59.013.7%117.4×44 +24.5%
7University of Newcastle AustraliaAustralia 57.924.0%6.2×9 +358.2%
8UNSW SydneyAustralia 57.328.9%2.5×14 +13.0%
9Kunming University of Science and TechnologyChina 56.916.1%28.6×95 +169.5%
10Shanghai UniversityChina 54.315.9%15.5×65 +19.8%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics, country by country

Is Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 26% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2024. The fastest-growing topics are Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.033% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics0.030% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics. Keep it to the research: no personal attacks, advertising or links. Any reader can report a post, which collapses it for everyone until it is opened.