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Azerbaijan vs Togo

On research quality in 2022-now, Togo ranks #156 in the world and Azerbaijan #157, of 189 countries. Azerbaijan stands higher in 16 of the 19 fields both publish in, Togo in 3.

Research profiles alike: 0.01different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Azerbaijan

World rank, 2022-now
#157
#184 all time
Works, 2022-now
18k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
61%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Fuel Technology, Museology.

Togo

World rank, 2022-now
#156
#173 all time
Works, 2022-now
2.1k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
69%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, Forestry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Togo leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, citations per work, open access and international co-authorship. Azerbaijan leads on 2 of 9 measures: output and growth. The two are level on excellence for its fields, top-10% rate and institutions in the world top 100.

Azerbaijan 23 level4 Togo
  1. #157Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#156
  2. 0.49×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.50×
  3. 18kOutputfractional works, 2022-now2.1k
  4. 5.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited5.7%
  5. 4.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work5.4
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 61%Open accessof its works free to read, all time69%
  8. 26%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time36%
  9. +105%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+43%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Azerbaijan stands higher in 16 of 19 fields, Togo in 3. Togo leads most in Agricultural and Biological Sciences (#102 against #120). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Azerbaijan 163 Togo
  1. #120Agricultural and Biological Sciences#102
  2. #88Arts and Humanities-
  3. #101Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-
  4. #96Business, Management and Accounting-
  5. #70Chemistry-
  6. #117Computer Science-
  7. #72Decision Sciences-
  8. #73Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  9. #87Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  10. #68Energy-
  11. #108Engineering-
  12. #119Environmental Science-
  13. #104Health Professions-
  14. #81Materials Science-
  15. #71Mathematics-
  16. #148Medicine#135
  17. #67Physics and Astronomy-
  18. #101Psychology-
  19. #120Social Sciences#112

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Azerbaijan rankTogo rank Azerbaijan top 10%Togo top 10% Azerbaijan worksTogo works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #120 #102 4.3% 6.7% 1.1k 395
Arts and Humanities #88 - 7.3% - 1.4k -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #101 - 3.1% - 407 -
Business, Management and Accounting #96 - 8.0% - 569 -
Chemistry #70 - 3.6% - 439 -
Computer Science #117 - 7.1% - 1.2k -
Decision Sciences #72 - 6.8% - 219 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #73 - 4.6% - 424 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #87 - 10.6% - 927 -
Energy #68 - 7.4% - 353 -
Engineering #108 - 4.4% - 2.6k -
Environmental Science #119 - 6.8% - 688 -
Health Professions #104 - 4.7% - 226 -
Materials Science #81 - 6.2% - 786 -
Mathematics #71 - 7.0% - 518 -
Medicine #148 #135 3.2% 2.0% 1.5k 472
Physics and Astronomy #67 - 11.0% - 524 -
Psychology #101 - 4.6% - 525 -
Social Sciences #120 #112 6.2% 7.5% 3.3k 316

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Azerbaijan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization1,178▲ 2.7×137 topics
  2. Sustainable Development1,057▲ 3.0×104 topics
  3. Climate Change962▲ 1.59×118 topics
  4. Sustainability956▲ 1.76×116 topics
  5. Education900▲ 2.4×109 topics
  6. Renewable Energy881▲ 2.7×57 topics
  7. Innovation866▲ 3.8×74 topics
  8. Economic Development658▲ 3.7×51 topics
  9. Cultural Heritage593▲ 5.0×32 topics
  10. Pedagogy588▲ 5.3×23 topics
  11. Artificial Intelligence530▲ 1.67×64 topics
  12. Language Teaching516▲ 8.7×8 topics
  13. Energy Efficiency494▲ 2.4×43 topics
  14. Digital Transformation461▲ 3.8×26 topics
  15. Teacher Training455▲ 3.3×24 topics
  16. Economic Growth412▲ 2.3×33 topics
  17. Educational Technologies398▲ 20×2 topics
  18. Digital Economy395▲ 8.8×19 topics
  19. Tourism Development393▲ 13×2 topics
  20. Language389▲ 7.1×13 topics
  21. Digital Education385▲ 12×7 topics
  22. Teaching Methods378▲ 11×9 topics
  23. Critical Thinking377▲ 15×5 topics
  24. Formative Assessment358▲ 19×2 topics
  25. Artistic Education350▲ 24×1 topic
  26. Student Competencies350▲ 24×1 topic
  27. Linguistics318▲ 9.0×7 topics
  28. Global Governance317▲ 5.9×22 topics
  29. Migration316▲ 4.2×26 topics
  30. Geopolitics269▲ 8.0×10 topics
  31. Ethnography263▲ 6.9×12 topics
  32. Sufism256▲ 25×2 topics
  33. Language Contact253▲ 12×6 topics
  34. Morphology241▲ 6.1×12 topics
  35. Folklore225▲ 20×3 topics
  36. Mythology223▲ 20×3 topics
  37. Etymology218▲ 21×2 topics
  38. Historical Phonology218▲ 21×2 topics
  39. Rituals215▲ 12×4 topics
  40. Storytelling215▲ 20×4 topics

Togo

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change190▲ 3.0×79 topics
  2. Sustainability181▲ 3.1×64 topics
  3. Smallholder Farmers179▲ 36×5 topics
  4. Epidemiology147▲ 1.58×120 topics
  5. Adaptation118▲ 17×10 topics
  6. Biodiversity Conservation109▲ 12×12 topics
  7. Agricultural Development105▲ 29×4 topics
  8. Diversity104▲ 25×6 topics
  9. Agroecology104▲ 32×2 topics
  10. Livestock Farming103▲ 74×2 topics
  11. Multifunctionality103▲ 94×1 topic
  12. Work Organization103▲ 114×1 topic
  13. Agroforestry86▲ 55×4 topics
  14. Sustainable Agriculture79▲ 11×14 topics
  15. Climate Resilience74▲ 53×3 topics
  16. Nutritional Value73▲ 28×4 topics
  17. Public Health73▲ 2.1×48 topics
  18. Sustainable Development73▲ 1.98×49 topics
  19. Globalization72▲ 1.55×68 topics
  20. Rural Livelihoods69▲ 54×3 topics
  21. Indigenous Fruits68▲ 126×1 topic
  22. Tree Domestication68▲ 126×1 topic
  23. Environmental Impact63▲ 1.58×47 topics
  24. Healthcare56▲ 2.1×21 topics
  25. Genetic Diversity50▲ 4.9×20 topics
  26. Economic Development46▲ 2.5×22 topics
  27. Economic Growth46▲ 2.4×25 topics
  28. Social Justice43▲ 3.1×23 topics
  29. Ecosystem Services41▲ 4.5×12 topics
  30. Food Security40▲ 3.1×14 topics
  31. Governance39▲ 5.1×10 topics
  32. Gender Equality39▲ 5.9×9 topics
  33. Ethnicity36▲ 4.0×11 topics
  34. Community Engagement35▲ 4.6×12 topics
  35. Local Development31▲ 13×2 topics
  36. Territorial Governance31▲ 12×2 topics
  37. Maternal Mortality30▲ 5.7×5 topics
  38. Social Determinants of Health30▲ 5.9×5 topics
  39. Citizen Participation26▲ 9.6×2 topics
  40. Poverty Reduction25▲ 8.3×5 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Azerbaijan has out-published Togo every year since 1980.

still counting2.5k5k7.5kAzerbaijan6,677 in 2025Togo532 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Azerbaijan0.11% in 2025Togo0.0090% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%Azerbaijan6.7% in 2025Togo6.4% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Azerbaijan 05 level0 Togo
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Azerbaijan or Togo?

Azerbaijan publishes 8.6× as much research as Togo in 2022-now (18k against 2.1k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Azerbaijan or Togo?

5.9% of Azerbaijan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.7% for Togo.

Is Azerbaijan or Togo growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +105% against 2018-21 for Azerbaijan, and +43% for Togo.

Which has more open access research, Azerbaijan or Togo?

69% of Togo's research is free to read, against 61% of Azerbaijan's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Azerbaijan or Togo?

Azerbaijan holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Togo 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Azerbaijan

  1. 1Nakhchivan State University8.5% top 10% · 1.3k works
  2. 2Azerbaijan State University of Economics12.8% top 10% · 1.2k works
  3. 3Khazar University16.1% top 10% · 642 works
  4. 4National Nuclear Research Center7.2% top 10% · 562 works
  5. 5Western Caspian University21.1% top 10% · 541 works
  6. 6ADA University6.0% top 10% · 782 works

Togo

  1. 1University of Kara5.2% top 10% · 607 works
  2. 2University of Lomé6.3% top 10% · 1.2k works
  3. 3Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tokoin1.7% top 10% · 138 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Azerbaijan

  1. 1 J. Yu #898 worldwide 55k citations · 554 works
  2. 2 S. H. Robertson #1,281 worldwide 39k citations · 435 works
  3. 3 E. Guido #1,392 worldwide 39k citations · 411 works
  4. 4 V. Andrei #1,613 worldwide 60k citations · 480 works
  5. 5 F. K. Loebinger #1,788 worldwide 45k citations · 454 works

Togo

  1. 1 Kokou Agoudavi #157,398 worldwide 2.4k citations · 30 works
  2. 2 Essossinam Ali #348,125 worldwide 585 citations · 42 works
  3. 3 K. H. Lo #657,928 worldwide 1.3k citations · 24 works
  4. 4 Kodjo Théodore Gnedeka #944,643 worldwide 428 citations · 45 works
  5. 5 Issaka Maman #1,506,197 worldwide 771 citations · 47 works