Bolivia vs Costa Rica
On research quality in 2022-now, Costa Rica ranks #84 in the world and Bolivia #88, of 189 countries. Bolivia stands higher in 6 of the 12 fields both publish in, Costa Rica in 6.
Research profiles alike: 0.95very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Bolivia
- World rank, 2022-now
- #88
- #84 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 6.5k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 5.9%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 62%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: General Social Sciences, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Horticulture.
Costa Rica
- World rank, 2022-now
- #84
- #69 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 12k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 5.6%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 70%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, Life-span and Life-course Studies, General Social Sciences.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Costa Rica leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, output, citations per work and open access. Bolivia leads on 3 of 9 measures: top-10% rate, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on citation excellence for its fields and institutions in the world top 100.
- #88Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#84
- 0.67×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.68×
- 6.5kOutputfractional works, 2022-now12k
- 5.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited5.6%
- 4.5Citations per workall time, per fractional work5.3
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 62%Open accessof its works free to read, all time70%
- 33%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time25%
- -2%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change-12%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Bolivia stands higher in 6 of 12 fields, Costa Rica in 6. Bolivia leads most in Arts and Humanities (#43 against #72); Costa Rica leads most in Computer Science (#92 against #108). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- #67Agricultural and Biological Sciences#71
- #43Arts and Humanities#72
- -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#78
- #84Business, Management and Accounting#75
- #108Computer Science#92
- #88Economics, Econometrics and Finance#78
- #104Engineering#113
- #75Environmental Science#71
- #80Health Professions#78
- #78Medicine#80
- #73Psychology#74
- #60Social Sciences#75
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Bolivia rank | Costa Rica rank | Bolivia top 10% | Costa Rica top 10% | Bolivia works | Costa Rica works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | #67 | #71 | 4.6% | 4.9% | 478 | 1.2k |
| Arts and Humanities | #43 | #72 | 9.3% | 6.9% | 384 | 659 |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | - | #78 | - | 5.2% | - | 415 |
| Business, Management and Accounting | #84 | #75 | 5.9% | 6.9% | 256 | 428 |
| Computer Science | #108 | #92 | 4.8% | 5.2% | 378 | 781 |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | #88 | #78 | 4.3% | 6.1% | 284 | 388 |
| Engineering | #104 | #113 | 3.6% | 3.4% | 249 | 453 |
| Environmental Science | #75 | #71 | 6.5% | 5.7% | 423 | 905 |
| Health Professions | #80 | #78 | 5.2% | 6.2% | 347 | 463 |
| Medicine | #78 | #80 | 4.0% | 3.9% | 823 | 1.5k |
| Psychology | #73 | #74 | 5.5% | 4.9% | 241 | 415 |
| Social Sciences | #60 | #75 | 7.7% | 6.9% | 2.1k | 3.1k |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Bolivia
- University Students
- Online Education
- Rural Development
- City Branding
- Inclusive Education
- Competitiveness
- Social Movements
- Distance Learning
- Ethics
- Communication
- Urban Development
- Teacher Training
- Knowledge Management
- Digital Marketing
- Health Promotion
- Sustainable Development
- Innovation
- Public Health
- Latin America
- Globalization
- Education
- Sustainability
- Epidemiology
- Climate Change
- Human Rights
- COVID-19
- E-Learning
- Educational Technology
- Pedagogy
- Small and Medium Enterprises
- Nutrition
- Social Responsibility
- Innovation Ecosystems
- Economic Impact
- Community Participation
- Globalization Effects
- Tourism Management
- Psychopharmacology Education
- Digital Divide
- ICT
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Education727▲ 5.7×111 topics
- Globalization594▲ 4.1×115 topics
- Sustainability422▲ 2.3×101 topics
- Latin America394▲ 28×22 topics
- Epidemiology371▲ 1.26×133 topics
- Public Health362▲ 3.4×66 topics
- Climate Change362▲ 1.80×107 topics
- Innovation357▲ 4.7×59 topics
- Human Rights338▲ 4.5×66 topics
- Sustainable Development301▲ 2.6×72 topics
- COVID-19273▲ 2.8×27 topics
- Health Promotion249▲ 11×17 topics
- E-Learning247▲ 3.5×21 topics
- Digital Marketing243▲ 8.5×5 topics
- Educational Technology241▲ 2.8×36 topics
- Knowledge Management238▲ 5.8×29 topics
- Pedagogy216▲ 5.8×25 topics
- Teacher Training208▲ 4.6×24 topics
- Small and Medium Enterprises200▲ 15×9 topics
- Urban Development195▲ 7.5×15 topics
- Nutrition193▲ 5.9×15 topics
- Communication190▲ 8.2×18 topics
- Social Responsibility190▲ 11×8 topics
- Ethics186▲ 5.0×47 topics
- Innovation Ecosystems186▲ 25×4 topics
- Distance Learning181▲ 7.1×11 topics
- Economic Impact181▲ 4.6×10 topics
- Social Movements180▲ 8.2×28 topics
- Community Participation169▲ 6.5×13 topics
- Competitiveness169▲ 29×6 topics
- Globalization Effects165▲ 32×2 topics
- Inclusive Education163▲ 6.1×17 topics
- Tourism Management161▲ 31×2 topics
- City Branding161▲ 35×1 topic
- Psychopharmacology Education161▲ 35×1 topic
- Rural Development156▲ 6.1×20 topics
- Digital Divide138▲ 7.3×7 topics
- Online Education134▲ 9.3×6 topics
- ICT132▲ 13×4 topics
- University Students131▲ 32×2 topics
Costa Rica
- Student Performance
- Informal Learning
- Competitiveness
- Social Responsibility
- Rural Development
- Online Education
- Communication
- Inclusive Education
- Public Policy
- Nutrition
- Technology
- Distance Learning
- Digital Marketing
- Knowledge Management
- COVID-19
- Sustainable Development
- Latin America
- Epidemiology
- Sustainability
- Climate Change
- Education
- Globalization
- Innovation
- Public Health
- Educational Technology
- E-Learning
- Biodiversity
- Pedagogy
- Teacher Training
- Health Promotion
- Urban Development
- Social Movements
- Digital Divide
- Community Participation
- ICT
- Digital Competence
- Virtual Teaching
- Innovation Ecosystems
- Small and Medium Enterprises
- Teacher Development
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Education1,117▲ 4.8×120 topics
- Climate Change793▲ 2.2×110 topics
- Globalization791▲ 3.0×135 topics
- Sustainability722▲ 2.2×109 topics
- Innovation614▲ 4.4×66 topics
- Epidemiology600◆ 1.12×138 topics
- Public Health553▲ 2.8×73 topics
- Latin America514▲ 20×23 topics
- Educational Technology485▲ 3.1×39 topics
- Sustainable Development470▲ 2.2×77 topics
- E-Learning466▲ 3.6×20 topics
- COVID-19453▲ 2.6×30 topics
- Biodiversity426▲ 4.2×33 topics
- Knowledge Management412▲ 5.5×32 topics
- Pedagogy396▲ 5.9×23 topics
- Digital Marketing347▲ 6.7×5 topics
- Teacher Training345▲ 4.2×25 topics
- Distance Learning342▲ 7.4×12 topics
- Health Promotion338▲ 8.0×17 topics
- Technology318▲ 4.5×33 topics
- Urban Development272▲ 5.8×17 topics
- Nutrition272▲ 4.6×18 topics
- Social Movements269▲ 6.8×29 topics
- Public Policy268▲ 4.2×27 topics
- Digital Divide266▲ 7.7×8 topics
- Inclusive Education264▲ 5.5×18 topics
- Community Participation252▲ 5.3×15 topics
- Communication250▲ 5.9×19 topics
- ICT247▲ 14×5 topics
- Online Education246▲ 9.5×6 topics
- Digital Competence246▲ 21×3 topics
- Rural Development242▲ 5.2×17 topics
- Virtual Teaching242▲ 33×1 topic
- Social Responsibility233▲ 7.5×10 topics
- Innovation Ecosystems230▲ 17×4 topics
- Competitiveness230▲ 22×6 topics
- Small and Medium Enterprises228▲ 9.6×7 topics
- Informal Learning223▲ 13×6 topics
- Teacher Development207▲ 25×2 topics
- Student Performance199▲ 14×3 topics
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Costa Rica has out-published Bolivia every year since 1980.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0000
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Bolivia or Costa Rica?
Costa Rica publishes 1.8× as much research as Bolivia in 2022-now (12k against 6.5k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Bolivia or Costa Rica?
5.9% of Bolivia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.6% for Costa Rica.
Is Bolivia or Costa Rica growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was -2% against 2018-21 for Bolivia, and -12% for Costa Rica.
Which has more open access research, Bolivia or Costa Rica?
70% of Costa Rica's research is free to read, against 62% of Bolivia's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Bolivia or Costa Rica?
Bolivia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Costa Rica 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Bolivia
- 1Universidad de Los Andes7.3% top 10% · 1.3k works
- 2Universidad Mayor de San Andrés4.4% top 10% · 775 works
- 3Universidad La Salle3.3% top 10% · 373 works
- 4Universidad Mayor de San Simón4.7% top 10% · 318 works
- 5Universidad Privada del Valle3.2% top 10% · 288 works
- 6Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar9.4% top 10% · 346 works
Costa Rica
- 1Universidad de Costa Rica5.5% top 10% · 3.8k works
- 2Universidad Independiente5.5% top 10% · 842 works
- 3Universidad Nacional5.4% top 10% · 1.1k works
- 4Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica4.5% top 10% · 891 works
- 5Universidad de Ciencias Medicas3.3% top 10% · 630 works
- 6Distance State University5.4% top 10% · 570 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Bolivia
- 1 Vincent Antoine Vos #14,733 worldwide 10k citations · 87 works
- 2 Juan Carlos Licona #37,128 worldwide 7.1k citations · 71 works
- 3 Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami #44,646 worldwide 5.4k citations · 47 works
- 4 Marisol Toledo #55,944 worldwide 10k citations · 97 works
- 5 Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami #59,927 worldwide 4.2k citations · 42 works
Costa Rica
- 1 Luciano Ciravegna #118,588 worldwide 3.6k citations · 112 works
- 2 Juan Robalino #140,153 worldwide 4.1k citations · 83 works
- 3 Carolina Porras #144,308 worldwide 7.9k citations · 170 works
- 4 Célia A. Harvey #194,862 worldwide 14k citations · 233 works
- 5 María A. Maglianesi #245,024 worldwide 1.6k citations · 50 works