Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Compare · Countries

Bolivia vs Peru

On research quality in 2022-now, Peru ranks #53 in the world and Bolivia #88, of 189 countries. Bolivia stands higher in 1 of the 21 fields both publish in, Peru in 20.

Research profiles alike: 0.96very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

Compare other countries
vs

Bolivia

World rank, 2022-now
#88
#84 all time
Works, 2022-now
6.5k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
62%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Social Sciences, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Horticulture.

Peru

World rank, 2022-now
#53
#44 all time
Works, 2022-now
54k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
78%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, Computer Science Applications, General Social Sciences.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Peru leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, output, top-10% rate, open access and growth. Bolivia leads on 2 of 9 measures: citations per work and international co-authorship. The two are level on excellence for its fields and institutions in the world top 100.

Bolivia 22 level5 Peru
  1. #88Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#53
  2. 0.67×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.65×
  3. 6.5kOutputfractional works, 2022-now54k
  4. 5.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.2%
  5. 4.5Citations per workall time, per fractional work4.2
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 62%Open accessof its works free to read, all time78%
  8. 33%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time19%
  9. -2%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+35%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Bolivia stands higher in 1 of 21 fields, Peru in 20. Peru leads most in Economics, Econometrics and Finance (#38 against #88); Bolivia leads most in Arts and Humanities (#43 against #46). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Bolivia 120 Peru
  1. #67Agricultural and Biological Sciences#41
  2. #43Arts and Humanities#46
  3. -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#66
  4. #84Business, Management and Accounting#39
  5. #108Computer Science#59
  6. -Decision Sciences#44
  7. -Dentistry#40
  8. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#50
  9. #88Economics, Econometrics and Finance#38
  10. -Energy#62
  11. #104Engineering#65
  12. #75Environmental Science#61
  13. #80Health Professions#37
  14. -Immunology and Microbiology#46
  15. -Materials Science#78
  16. -Mathematics#70
  17. #78Medicine#46
  18. -Neuroscience#55
  19. -Nursing#45
  20. #73Psychology#40
  21. #60Social Sciences#40

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Bolivia rankPeru rank Bolivia top 10%Peru top 10% Bolivia worksPeru works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #67 #41 4.6% 6.7% 478 3.8k
Arts and Humanities #43 #46 9.3% 8.0% 384 2k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - #66 - 4.3% - 1k
Business, Management and Accounting #84 #39 5.9% 9.3% 256 3.4k
Computer Science #108 #59 4.8% 7.0% 378 4.5k
Decision Sciences - #44 - 8.4% - 441
Dentistry - #40 - 3.1% - 553
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #50 - 4.2% - 532
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #88 #38 4.3% 9.0% 284 3k
Energy - #62 - 5.4% - 413
Engineering #104 #65 3.6% 3.8% 249 3k
Environmental Science #75 #61 6.5% 6.1% 423 3.7k
Health Professions #80 #37 5.2% 7.5% 347 2.9k
Immunology and Microbiology - #46 - 5.5% - 342
Materials Science - #78 - 4.1% - 324
Mathematics - #70 - 6.2% - 264
Medicine #78 #46 4.0% 4.9% 823 6.6k
Neuroscience - #55 - 4.2% - 291
Nursing - #45 - 4.2% - 247
Psychology #73 #40 5.5% 7.4% 241 2.7k
Social Sciences #60 #40 7.7% 9.5% 2.1k 14k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Bolivia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education727▲ 5.7×111 topics
  2. Globalization594▲ 4.1×115 topics
  3. Sustainability422▲ 2.3×101 topics
  4. Latin America394▲ 28×22 topics
  5. Epidemiology371▲ 1.26×133 topics
  6. Public Health362▲ 3.4×66 topics
  7. Climate Change362▲ 1.80×107 topics
  8. Innovation357▲ 4.7×59 topics
  9. Human Rights338▲ 4.5×66 topics
  10. Sustainable Development301▲ 2.6×72 topics
  11. COVID-19273▲ 2.8×27 topics
  12. Health Promotion249▲ 11×17 topics
  13. E-Learning247▲ 3.5×21 topics
  14. Digital Marketing243▲ 8.5×5 topics
  15. Educational Technology241▲ 2.8×36 topics
  16. Knowledge Management238▲ 5.8×29 topics
  17. Pedagogy216▲ 5.8×25 topics
  18. Teacher Training208▲ 4.6×24 topics
  19. Small and Medium Enterprises200▲ 15×9 topics
  20. Urban Development195▲ 7.5×15 topics
  21. Nutrition193▲ 5.9×15 topics
  22. Communication190▲ 8.2×18 topics
  23. Social Responsibility190▲ 11×8 topics
  24. Ethics186▲ 5.0×47 topics
  25. Innovation Ecosystems186▲ 25×4 topics
  26. Distance Learning181▲ 7.1×11 topics
  27. Economic Impact181▲ 4.6×10 topics
  28. Social Movements180▲ 8.2×28 topics
  29. Community Participation169▲ 6.5×13 topics
  30. Competitiveness169▲ 29×6 topics
  31. Globalization Effects165▲ 32×2 topics
  32. Inclusive Education163▲ 6.1×17 topics
  33. Tourism Management161▲ 31×2 topics
  34. City Branding161▲ 35×1 topic
  35. Psychopharmacology Education161▲ 35×1 topic
  36. Rural Development156▲ 6.1×20 topics
  37. Digital Divide138▲ 7.3×7 topics
  38. Online Education134▲ 9.3×6 topics
  39. ICT132▲ 13×4 topics
  40. University Students131▲ 32×2 topics

Peru

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education6,030▲ 5.7×138 topics
  2. Sustainability3,629▲ 2.4×118 topics
  3. Innovation3,591▲ 5.7×82 topics
  4. Globalization3,303▲ 2.7×158 topics
  5. Small and Medium Enterprises3,036▲ 28×9 topics
  6. Digital Marketing3,015▲ 13×6 topics
  7. COVID-192,806▲ 3.5×31 topics
  8. Social Responsibility2,602▲ 18×12 topics
  9. Public Health2,593▲ 2.9×74 topics
  10. E-Learning2,578▲ 4.4×25 topics
  11. Innovation Ecosystems2,516▲ 40×4 topics
  12. Knowledge Management2,451▲ 7.2×40 topics
  13. Urban Development2,447▲ 11×19 topics
  14. Competitiveness2,442▲ 50×8 topics
  15. Economic Impact2,432▲ 7.4×12 topics
  16. Globalization Effects2,335▲ 55×3 topics
  17. Tourism Management2,309▲ 54×2 topics
  18. City Branding2,308▲ 61×1 topic
  19. Psychopharmacology Education2,308▲ 61×1 topic
  20. Sustainable Development2,265▲ 2.4×101 topics
  21. Pedagogy2,264▲ 7.4×29 topics
  22. Educational Technology2,072▲ 2.9×44 topics
  23. Teacher Training2,045▲ 5.4×29 topics
  24. Human Rights1,986▲ 3.2×84 topics
  25. Distance Learning1,945▲ 9.1×13 topics
  26. Latin America1,902▲ 16×23 topics
  27. Health Promotion1,893▲ 9.8×17 topics
  28. Organizational Culture1,860▲ 7.9×17 topics
  29. Digital Divide1,632▲ 10×8 topics
  30. Online Education1,589▲ 13×7 topics
  31. ICT1,544▲ 19×5 topics
  32. Digital Competence1,543▲ 29×4 topics
  33. Public Policy1,528▲ 5.3×27 topics
  34. Virtual Teaching1,522▲ 46×1 topic
  35. Nutrition1,492▲ 5.5×19 topics
  36. Student Performance1,275▲ 20×4 topics
  37. Organizational Commitment1,268▲ 11×5 topics
  38. Curriculum Design1,262▲ 30×3 topics
  39. Teacher Development1,258▲ 33×2 topics
  40. Educational Leadership1,253▲ 16×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Peru has out-published Bolivia every year since 1980.

still counting5k10k15kPeru14k in 2025Bolivia1,948 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%Peru0.24% in 2025Bolivia0.033% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%Peru8.1% in 2025Bolivia6.5% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Bolivia 05 level0 Peru
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Bolivia or Peru?

Peru publishes 8.4× as much research as Bolivia in 2022-now (54k against 6.5k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Bolivia or Peru?

7.2% of Peru's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.9% for Bolivia.

Is Bolivia or Peru growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +35% against 2018-21 for Peru, and -2% for Bolivia.

Which has more open access research, Bolivia or Peru?

78% of Peru's research is free to read, against 62% of Bolivia's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Bolivia or Peru?

Bolivia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Peru 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Bolivia

  1. 1Universidad de Los Andes7.3% top 10% · 1.3k works
  2. 2Universidad Mayor de San Andrés4.4% top 10% · 775 works
  3. 3Universidad La Salle3.3% top 10% · 373 works
  4. 4Universidad Mayor de San Simón4.7% top 10% · 318 works
  5. 5Universidad Privada del Valle3.2% top 10% · 288 works
  6. 6Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar9.4% top 10% · 346 works

Peru

  1. 1Universidad César Vallejo12.0% top 10% · 5.7k works
  2. 2Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú8.2% top 10% · 3.1k works
  3. 3Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia6.2% top 10% · 1.4k works
  4. 4National University of San Marcos5.7% top 10% · 5.2k works
  5. 5Universidad de Lima6.1% top 10% · 1.4k works
  6. 6Universidad Nacional de San Martín8.2% top 10% · 984 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Bolivia

  1. 1 Vincent Antoine Vos #14,733 worldwide 10k citations · 87 works
  2. 2 Juan Carlos Licona #37,128 worldwide 7.1k citations · 71 works
  3. 3 Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami #44,646 worldwide 5.4k citations · 47 works
  4. 4 Marisol Toledo #55,944 worldwide 10k citations · 97 works
  5. 5 Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami #59,927 worldwide 4.2k citations · 42 works

Peru

  1. 1 Abel Monteagudo Mendoza #9,966 worldwide 6.2k citations · 101 works
  2. 2 Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado #10,182 worldwide 16k citations · 197 works
  3. 3 Rodolfo Vásquez #14,133 worldwide 16k citations · 148 works
  4. 4 Percy Núñez Vargas #30,849 worldwide 8.3k citations · 55 works
  5. 5 Norma Salinas #37,475 worldwide 9.9k citations · 177 works