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Botswana vs Oman

On research quality in 2022-now, Oman ranks #90 in the world and Botswana #92, of 189 countries. Botswana stands higher in 3 of the 14 fields both publish in, Oman in 11.

Research profiles alike: 0.48similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Botswana

World rank, 2022-now
#92
#91 all time
Works, 2022-now
3k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
47%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Archeology, Forestry, Statistics and Probability.

Oman

World rank, 2022-now
#90
#101 all time
Works, 2022-now
12k
fractional
Top-10% rate
11.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
51%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Research and Theory, Health Informatics, Energy Engineering and Power Technology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Oman leads on 7 of 9 measures: research quality, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Botswana leads on 1 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Botswana 11 level7 Oman
  1. #92Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#90
  2. 0.90×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.85×
  3. 3kOutputfractional works, 2022-now12k
  4. 8.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited11.1%
  5. 12.4Citations per workall time, per fractional work12.8
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 47%Open accessof its works free to read, all time51%
  8. 33%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time37%
  9. +16%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+49%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Botswana stands higher in 3 of 14 fields, Oman in 11. Oman leads most in Computer Science (#70 against #101); Botswana leads most in Medicine (#86 against #121). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Botswana 311 Oman
  1. #80Agricultural and Biological Sciences#91
  2. -Arts and Humanities#83
  3. -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#74
  4. -Business, Management and Accounting#61
  5. #101Computer Science#70
  6. -Decision Sciences#65
  7. -Economics, Econometrics and Finance#73
  8. #75Engineering#70
  9. #69Environmental Science#73
  10. -Health Professions#83
  11. -Materials Science#69
  12. #86Medicine#121
  13. -Psychology#75
  14. #114Social Sciences#99

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Botswana rankOman rank Botswana top 10%Oman top 10% Botswana worksOman works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #80 #91 10.7% 16.0% 308 471
Arts and Humanities - #83 - 12.8% - 262
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - #74 - 8.2% - 361
Business, Management and Accounting - #61 - 16.6% - 826
Computer Science #101 #70 7.0% 12.0% 208 1.2k
Decision Sciences - #65 - 13.9% - 203
Economics, Econometrics and Finance - #73 - 15.2% - 360
Engineering #75 #70 10.7% 9.9% 360 1.8k
Environmental Science #69 #73 8.7% 12.6% 284 580
Health Professions - #83 - 12.8% - 294
Materials Science - #69 - 10.1% - 255
Medicine #86 #121 9.0% 6.5% 335 2.1k
Psychology - #75 - 10.8% - 389
Social Sciences #114 #99 7.4% 12.2% 471 1.3k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Botswana

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change192▲ 2.1×87 topics
  2. Sustainability159▲ 1.89×75 topics
  3. Machine Learning144▲ 1.26×77 topics
  4. Epidemiology104▼ 0.76×111 topics
  5. Globalization95▲ 1.40×72 topics
  6. Environmental Impact91▲ 1.55×52 topics
  7. Deep Learning89▼ 0.76×67 topics
  8. Renewable Energy73▲ 1.46×40 topics
  9. Remote Sensing70▲ 1.67×31 topics
  10. Economic Growth66▲ 2.4×27 topics
  11. Colonialism66▲ 4.0×14 topics
  12. Antiretroviral Therapy48▲ 8.6×6 topics
  13. Social Justice47▲ 2.3×26 topics
  14. Development46▲ 3.8×19 topics
  15. Biodiversity Conservation46▲ 3.6×13 topics
  16. Risk Management46▲ 2.8×13 topics
  17. Sustainable Agriculture44▲ 4.1×12 topics
  18. Higher Education42▲ 2.3×17 topics
  19. Genetic Diversity41▲ 2.7×20 topics
  20. Adaptation40▲ 4.0×11 topics
  21. Political Economy40▲ 4.5×11 topics
  22. Smallholder Farmers37▲ 5.1×5 topics
  23. Poverty Reduction36▲ 8.1×5 topics
  24. Land Use Change35▲ 3.4×7 topics
  25. Maternal Mortality31▲ 4.1×5 topics
  26. Community Health Workers31▲ 10×2 topics
  27. Bayesian Inference30▲ 8.9×4 topics
  28. Health Inequalities28▲ 6.8×3 topics
  29. Mortality Rates28▲ 8.5×2 topics
  30. Nutritional Value27▲ 7.0×4 topics
  31. Gender Inequality27▲ 5.7×6 topics
  32. Land Reform27▲ 17×2 topics
  33. Weibull Distribution26▲ 17×2 topics
  34. Generalized Exponential25▲ 44×1 topic
  35. Skew Distributions25▲ 44×1 topic
  36. Livelihoods25▲ 21×2 topics
  37. Phytochemicals25▲ 6.7×7 topics
  38. Child Mortality25▲ 10×1 topic
  39. Health Systems25▲ 10×1 topic
  40. HIV Transmission23▲ 8.7×2 topics

Oman

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning975▲ 2.1×94 topics
  2. Deep Learning626▲ 1.33×83 topics
  3. Epidemiology490◆ 0.90×133 topics
  4. Sustainability473▲ 1.42×94 topics
  5. Healthcare439▲ 2.8×33 topics
  6. Renewable Energy439▲ 2.2×50 topics
  7. Supply Chain Management400▲ 3.3×25 topics
  8. Artificial Intelligence348▲ 1.79×53 topics
  9. Education336▲ 1.43×84 topics
  10. Environmental Impact312▲ 1.34×61 topics
  11. Internet of Things284▲ 2.4×30 topics
  12. Online Learning271▲ 2.4×23 topics
  13. Big Data266▲ 2.0×32 topics
  14. Educational Technology263▲ 1.63×39 topics
  15. Digital Transformation237▲ 3.2×24 topics
  16. IoT225▲ 4.4×19 topics
  17. Smart Cities224▲ 6.2×8 topics
  18. E-Learning222▲ 1.68×23 topics
  19. Corporate Governance212▲ 2.1×27 topics
  20. Security212▲ 2.3×28 topics
  21. Social Capital200▲ 2.8×17 topics
  22. Risk Management199▲ 3.1×17 topics
  23. Energy Efficiency198▲ 1.57×42 topics
  24. Customer Satisfaction193▲ 4.4×10 topics
  25. Knowledge Management185▲ 2.4×27 topics
  26. Organizational Performance179▲ 5.0×12 topics
  27. Technology Integration174▲ 4.0×12 topics
  28. Consumer Behavior174▲ 2.0×18 topics
  29. Student Engagement172▲ 3.2×17 topics
  30. Higher Education158▲ 2.2×27 topics
  31. Human Resource Management155▲ 7.3×6 topics
  32. Social Networks150▲ 4.1×12 topics
  33. Student Satisfaction142▲ 5.7×3 topics
  34. Localization124▲ 7.6×4 topics
  35. Social Media Marketing123▲ 18×1 topic
  36. Guanxi116▲ 40×1 topic
  37. Wasta116▲ 40×1 topic
  38. Learning Analytics96▲ 5.8×3 topics
  39. Educational Data Mining87▲ 7.5×1 topic
  40. Massive Open Online Courses87▲ 7.5×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Oman has out-published Botswana every year since 1992, when it overtook it.

still counting2k4kOman3,679 in 2025Botswana819 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.025%0.050%0.075%Oman0.063% in 2025Botswana0.014% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Oman11.6% in 2025Botswana9.3% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Botswana 05 level0 Oman
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Botswana or Oman?

Oman publishes 3.9× as much research as Botswana in 2022-now (12k against 3k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Botswana or Oman?

11.1% of Oman's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 8.5% for Botswana.

Is Botswana or Oman growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +49% against 2018-21 for Oman, and +16% for Botswana.

Which has more open access research, Botswana or Oman?

51% of Oman's research is free to read, against 47% of Botswana's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Botswana or Oman?

Botswana holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Oman 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Botswana

  1. 1University of Botswana7.6% top 10% · 1.4k works
  2. 2Botswana International University of Science and Technology8.6% top 10% · 674 works
  3. 3Botswana Geoscience Institute8.8% top 10% · 116 works
  4. 4Botho University8.5% top 10% · 148 works
  5. 5Ministry of Agriculture14.6% top 10% · 169 works
  6. 6Botswana Open University3.9% top 10% · 76 works

Oman

  1. 1Sohar University15.8% top 10% · 836 works
  2. 2Sultan Qaboos University11.4% top 10% · 3.9k works
  3. 3Dhofar University18.0% top 10% · 659 works
  4. 4College of Applied Sciences, Nizwa13.1% top 10% · 634 works
  5. 5Muscat College7.5% top 10% · 948 works
  6. 6University of Nizwa14.7% top 10% · 832 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Botswana

  1. 1 Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera #31,057 worldwide 54k citations · 105 works
  2. 2 John Weldon McNutt #207,426 worldwide 5.3k citations · 119 works
  3. 3 Joseph M. Makhema #280,791 worldwide 14k citations · 95 works
  4. 4 Peter Vuylsteke #396,259 worldwide 7.7k citations · 317 works
  5. 5 Sununguko Wata Mpoloka #453,404 worldwide 2.7k citations · 62 works

Oman

  1. 1 Ali Tarhini #6,779 worldwide 11k citations · 160 works
  2. 2 S. K. Maurya #12,340 worldwide 9k citations · 388 works
  3. 3 Walid Mensi #15,702 worldwide 12k citations · 242 works
  4. 4 Sathish Kumar Jayapal #16,435 worldwide 54k citations · 90 works
  5. 5 Ala'a Hamed Al-Muhtaseb #17,011 worldwide 22k citations · 276 works