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Brunei vs Nicaragua

On research quality in 2022-now, Nicaragua ranks #82 in the world and Brunei #83, of 189 countries. Brunei stands higher in 4 of the 7 fields both publish in, Nicaragua in 3.

Research profiles alike: 0.51similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Brunei

World rank, 2022-now
#83
#95 all time
Works, 2022-now
3.8k
fractional
Top-10% rate
14.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
45%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Research and Theory, Accounting, Linguistics and Language.

Nicaragua

World rank, 2022-now
#82
#79 all time
Works, 2022-now
2.7k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
79%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, General Social Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Brunei leads on 6 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Nicaragua leads on 2 of 9 measures: research quality and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Brunei 61 level2 Nicaragua
  1. #83Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#82
  2. 1.11×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.80×
  3. 3.8kOutputfractional works, 2022-now2.7k
  4. 14.2%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited5.9%
  5. 13.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work4.0
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 45%Open accessof its works free to read, all time79%
  8. 40%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time34%
  9. +69%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+4%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Brunei stands higher in 4 of 7 fields, Nicaragua in 3. Nicaragua leads most in Medicine (#69 against #112). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Brunei 43 Nicaragua
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#60
  2. #71Business, Management and Accounting-
  3. #77Computer Science-
  4. #71Engineering-
  5. #76Environmental Science-
  6. #112Medicine#69
  7. #73Social Sciences#62

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Brunei rankNicaragua rank Brunei top 10%Nicaragua top 10% Brunei worksNicaragua works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #60 - 5.1% - 355
Business, Management and Accounting #71 - 17.2% - 284 -
Computer Science #77 - 17.5% - 318 -
Engineering #71 - 12.1% - 480 -
Environmental Science #76 - 12.8% - 263 -
Medicine #112 #69 9.5% 5.4% 276 259
Social Sciences #73 #62 16.0% 6.9% 930 768

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Brunei

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization232▲ 2.8×78 topics
  2. Machine Learning189▲ 1.36×81 topics
  3. Sustainability185▲ 1.81×81 topics
  4. Environmental Impact130▲ 1.82×53 topics
  5. Islamic Banking122▲ 7.8×3 topics
  6. Corporate Governance118▲ 3.9×22 topics
  7. Supply Chain Management118▲ 3.1×22 topics
  8. Curriculum Development114▲ 4.0×13 topics
  9. Consumer Behavior112▲ 4.3×15 topics
  10. Education111▲ 1.55×66 topics
  11. Islamic Education108▲ 7.8×4 topics
  12. Teacher Training107▲ 4.2×10 topics
  13. Risk Management105▲ 5.2×13 topics
  14. Educational Technology103▲ 2.1×29 topics
  15. Social Media98▲ 1.70×28 topics
  16. Economic Development96▲ 2.9×33 topics
  17. Finance92▲ 12×4 topics
  18. Financial Stability91▲ 11×4 topics
  19. Human Rights88▲ 2.0×48 topics
  20. Ethnicity87▲ 5.6×13 topics
  21. Global Financial Crisis87▲ 16×3 topics
  22. Performance Analysis86▲ 10×4 topics
  23. Ethical Identity85▲ 18×1 topic
  24. Shariah Supervision85▲ 18×1 topic
  25. Pedagogy85▲ 4.0×12 topics
  26. Social Capital77▲ 3.5×17 topics
  27. Religious Education75▲ 11×4 topics
  28. Indonesia73▲ 4.0×5 topics
  29. Gender Equality70▲ 5.9×11 topics
  30. Cultural Identity68▲ 3.3×13 topics
  31. Madrasa67▲ 23×1 topic
  32. Muslim Students67▲ 23×1 topic
  33. Food Safety65▲ 5.5×12 topics
  34. Tourist Satisfaction65▲ 15×2 topics
  35. Religiosity60▲ 31×2 topics
  36. Decentralization60▲ 6.9×4 topics
  37. Halal Products58▲ 44×1 topic
  38. Halal Tourism58▲ 44×1 topic
  39. Corruption51▲ 7.8×7 topics
  40. Civil Society51▲ 11×5 topics

Nicaragua

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education295▲ 5.5×90 topics
  2. Sustainability220▲ 2.9×89 topics
  3. Innovation201▲ 6.2×54 topics
  4. Globalization194▲ 3.2×97 topics
  5. Climate Change171▲ 2.0×99 topics
  6. Sustainable Development153▲ 3.1×71 topics
  7. Environmental Impact151▲ 2.8×58 topics
  8. Educational Technology135▲ 3.6×35 topics
  9. Public Health131▲ 2.9×58 topics
  10. Food Security119▲ 7.0×23 topics
  11. E-Learning117▲ 3.9×20 topics
  12. Teacher Training117▲ 6.1×22 topics
  13. Latin America114▲ 19×22 topics
  14. Knowledge Management107▲ 6.1×27 topics
  15. Biodiversity104▲ 4.4×31 topics
  16. Digital Marketing101▲ 8.3×4 topics
  17. Public Policy96▲ 6.5×22 topics
  18. Sustainable Agriculture96▲ 10.0×16 topics
  19. Pedagogy95▲ 6.0×19 topics
  20. Rural Development88▲ 8.2×16 topics
  21. Competitiveness87▲ 35×6 topics
  22. Small and Medium Enterprises86▲ 15×6 topics
  23. Health Promotion82▲ 8.3×15 topics
  24. Social Responsibility81▲ 11×11 topics
  25. Distance Learning77▲ 7.1×11 topics
  26. Nutrition75▲ 5.4×16 topics
  27. Urban Development75▲ 6.8×14 topics
  28. Innovation Ecosystems73▲ 23×3 topics
  29. Social Impact72▲ 5.9×16 topics
  30. Inclusive Education71▲ 6.3×15 topics
  31. Agroecology70▲ 16×6 topics
  32. Climate Change Adaptation69▲ 12×6 topics
  33. Community Participation68▲ 6.1×15 topics
  34. Rural Communities67▲ 38×5 topics
  35. Globalization Effects65▲ 30×2 topics
  36. Psychopharmacology Education64▲ 33×1 topic
  37. Tourism Management64▲ 29×1 topic
  38. Soil Management62▲ 51×2 topics
  39. Crop Production62▲ 17×4 topics
  40. Organic Farming60▲ 29×2 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Brunei has out-published Nicaragua every year since 2021, when it overtook it.

still counting5001k1.5kBrunei1,087 in 2025Nicaragua797 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.010%0.020%Brunei0.018% in 2025Nicaragua0.014% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Brunei14.0% in 2025Nicaragua7.3% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Brunei 05 level0 Nicaragua
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Brunei or Nicaragua?

Brunei publishes 1.4× as much research as Nicaragua in 2022-now (3.8k against 2.7k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Brunei or Nicaragua?

14.2% of Brunei's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.9% for Nicaragua.

Is Brunei or Nicaragua growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +69% against 2018-21 for Brunei, and +4% for Nicaragua.

Which has more open access research, Brunei or Nicaragua?

79% of Nicaragua's research is free to read, against 45% of Brunei's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Brunei or Nicaragua?

Brunei holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Nicaragua 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Brunei

  1. 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam16.8% top 10% · 2.2k works
  2. 2Universiti Teknologi Brunei10.5% top 10% · 681 works
  3. 3Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University11.7% top 10% · 414 works
  4. 4Ministry of Education15.2% top 10% · 112 works
  5. 5Prime Minister's Office8.1% top 10% · 134 works
  6. 6Ministry of Health9.4% top 10% · 72 works

Nicaragua

  1. 1National Autonomous University of Nicaragua6.5% top 10% · 839 works
  2. 2National Agrarian University4.6% top 10% · 338 works
  3. 3Universidad del Valle7.5% top 10% · 240 works
  4. 4Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León4.7% top 10% · 122 works
  5. 5Universidad de las Américas10.9% top 10% · 114 works
  6. 6National University of Engineering3.0% top 10% · 119 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Brunei

  1. 1 Rama Rao Karri #8,520 worldwide 11k citations · 318 works
  2. 2 Sok King Ong #9,311 worldwide 144k citations · 101 works
  3. 3 Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak #18,001 worldwide 23k citations · 535 works
  4. 4 M. Muzamil Naqshbandi #20,911 worldwide 3.1k citations · 75 works
  5. 5 Ferry J.W. Slik #34,574 worldwide 7.4k citations · 134 works

Nicaragua

  1. 1 María Ángeles Pérez #787,667 worldwide 1.8k citations · 21 works
  2. 2 Félix Espinoza #819,809 worldwide 4.7k citations · 55 works
  3. 3 Eliette C. Valladares #837,359 worldwide 3.5k citations · 40 works
  4. 4 Aurora Aragón #874,577 worldwide 2.5k citations · 83 works
  5. 5 Armando Saballos #1,129,075 worldwide 663 citations · 36 works