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Cuba vs Ecuador

On research quality in 2022-now, Ecuador ranks #55 in the world and Cuba #103, of 189 countries. Cuba stands higher in 0 of the 22 fields both publish in, Ecuador in 22.

Research profiles alike: 0.89very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Cuba

World rank, 2022-now
#103
#102 all time
Works, 2022-now
9.1k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
41%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Life-span and Life-course Studies, General Social Sciences, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology.

Ecuador

World rank, 2022-now
#55
#54 all time
Works, 2022-now
65k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
79%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Horticulture.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Ecuador leads on 7 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Cuba leads on 1 of 9 measures: citations per work. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Cuba 11 level7 Ecuador
  1. #103Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#55
  2. 0.55×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.74×
  3. 9.1kOutputfractional works, 2022-now65k
  4. 5.7%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited8.4%
  5. 3.7Citations per workall time, per fractional work3.4
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 41%Open accessof its works free to read, all time79%
  8. 19%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time21%
  9. -64%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+59%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Cuba stands higher in 0 of 22 fields, Ecuador in 22. Ecuador leads most in Economics, Econometrics and Finance (#36 against #95). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Cuba 022 Ecuador
  1. #90Agricultural and Biological Sciences#55
  2. #86Arts and Humanities#50
  3. #89Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#64
  4. #97Business, Management and Accounting#50
  5. #106Computer Science#48
  6. -Decision Sciences#57
  7. -Dentistry#42
  8. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#65
  9. #95Economics, Econometrics and Finance#36
  10. -Energy#46
  11. #107Engineering#61
  12. #93Environmental Science#57
  13. #66Health Professions#38
  14. -Immunology and Microbiology#52
  15. -Materials Science#72
  16. -Mathematics#68
  17. #123Medicine#72
  18. -Neuroscience#49
  19. -Nursing#54
  20. -Physics and Astronomy#58
  21. #61Psychology#50
  22. #91Social Sciences#43

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Cuba rankEcuador rank Cuba top 10%Ecuador top 10% Cuba worksEcuador works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #90 #55 4.9% 7.5% 756 4.2k
Arts and Humanities #86 #50 6.0% 9.4% 255 1k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #89 #64 4.6% 5.8% 285 1.1k
Business, Management and Accounting #97 #50 4.0% 10.4% 447 3.8k
Computer Science #106 #48 4.8% 8.8% 572 5.9k
Decision Sciences - #57 - 6.7% - 282
Dentistry - #42 - 2.1% - 788
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #65 - 5.4% - 395
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #95 #36 6.3% 10.5% 260 4.8k
Energy - #46 - 10.0% - 598
Engineering #107 #61 4.5% 5.6% 433 3.6k
Environmental Science #93 #57 4.0% 8.0% 515 3.4k
Health Professions #66 #38 14.3% 6.8% 630 4.4k
Immunology and Microbiology - #52 - 5.4% - 386
Materials Science - #72 - 7.2% - 347
Mathematics - #68 - 7.3% - 219
Medicine #123 #72 3.8% 3.8% 1.7k 8.5k
Neuroscience - #49 - 5.2% - 385
Nursing - #54 - 3.3% - 269
Physics and Astronomy - #58 - 5.4% - 200
Psychology #61 #50 6.3% 8.0% 327 3.2k
Social Sciences #91 #43 6.7% 11.7% 2.1k 16k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Cuba

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education916▲ 5.2×89 topics
  2. Epidemiology688▲ 1.67×135 topics
  3. Public Health687▲ 4.6×73 topics
  4. Sustainability596▲ 2.4×98 topics
  5. Innovation502▲ 4.7×55 topics
  6. Climate Change468▲ 1.67×106 topics
  7. Globalization466▲ 2.3×106 topics
  8. Competitiveness427▲ 52×7 topics
  9. Health Promotion418▲ 13×17 topics
  10. Sustainable Development409▲ 2.5×73 topics
  11. Educational Technology402▲ 3.3×39 topics
  12. Quality of Life388▲ 2.6×59 topics
  13. Knowledge Management341▲ 5.9×28 topics
  14. Teacher Training336▲ 5.3×23 topics
  15. E-Learning325▲ 3.3×21 topics
  16. Pedagogy310▲ 6.0×23 topics
  17. Risk Assessment296▲ 4.3×24 topics
  18. Digital Marketing281▲ 7.0×5 topics
  19. Health Policy272▲ 17×7 topics
  20. Social Determinants of Health271▲ 12×8 topics
  21. Medical Education264▲ 9.5×14 topics
  22. Gender257▲ 4.6×31 topics
  23. Nutrition251▲ 5.5×18 topics
  24. Small and Medium Enterprises250▲ 14×9 topics
  25. Social Responsibility250▲ 10×9 topics
  26. Distance Learning247▲ 6.9×12 topics
  27. Inclusive Education244▲ 6.5×16 topics
  28. Innovation Ecosystems243▲ 23×3 topics
  29. Decision Making240▲ 8.0×13 topics
  30. Rural Development233▲ 6.5×17 topics
  31. Organizational Performance228▲ 8.5×11 topics
  32. Communication226▲ 6.9×18 topics
  33. Financial Reporting224▲ 18×7 topics
  34. Financial Analysis222▲ 19×3 topics
  35. Economic Impact Evaluation221▲ 120×1 topic
  36. Productivity Indicators221▲ 120×1 topic
  37. Healthcare Access220▲ 7.8×12 topics
  38. Community Health216▲ 13×7 topics
  39. Global Health216▲ 13×9 topics
  40. Healthcare Quality201▲ 19×5 topics

Ecuador

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education9,461▲ 7.3×130 topics
  2. Small and Medium Enterprises5,412▲ 40×9 topics
  3. Digital Marketing5,405▲ 18×6 topics
  4. Innovation5,392▲ 6.9×75 topics
  5. Social Responsibility4,765▲ 27×11 topics
  6. Innovation Ecosystems4,591▲ 60×4 topics
  7. Globalization4,481▲ 3.0×149 topics
  8. Urban Development4,473▲ 17×18 topics
  9. Economic Impact4,467▲ 11×13 topics
  10. Globalization Effects4,443▲ 85×3 topics
  11. Tourism Management4,357▲ 83×2 topics
  12. City Branding4,355▲ 93×1 topic
  13. Psychopharmacology Education4,355▲ 93×1 topic
  14. Sustainability4,240▲ 2.3×119 topics
  15. Competitiveness4,214▲ 70×6 topics
  16. E-Learning4,007▲ 5.5×23 topics
  17. Educational Technology3,767▲ 4.2×44 topics
  18. COVID-193,624▲ 3.7×34 topics
  19. Knowledge Management3,605▲ 8.6×38 topics
  20. Public Health3,496▲ 3.2×73 topics
  21. Pedagogy3,380▲ 8.9×25 topics
  22. Health Promotion3,330▲ 14×17 topics
  23. Teacher Training3,107▲ 6.7×27 topics
  24. Inclusive Education3,012▲ 11×18 topics
  25. Human Rights2,977▲ 3.9×71 topics
  26. Distance Learning2,885▲ 11×13 topics
  27. Social Impact2,550▲ 8.6×24 topics
  28. Nutrition2,545▲ 7.6×17 topics
  29. Organizational Culture2,456▲ 8.4×16 topics
  30. Digital Divide2,405▲ 12×8 topics
  31. Online Education2,394▲ 16×7 topics
  32. Digital Competence2,368▲ 36×4 topics
  33. ICT2,345▲ 23×5 topics
  34. Virtual Teaching2,320▲ 57×1 topic
  35. Technology2,249▲ 5.7×40 topics
  36. University Students2,039▲ 48×2 topics
  37. Research1,884▲ 20×11 topics
  38. Communication1,828▲ 7.7×23 topics
  39. Educational Interventions1,766▲ 25×3 topics
  40. Occupational Health1,725▲ 20×8 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Ecuador has out-published Cuba every year since 2017, when it overtook it.

still counting10k20k30kEcuador21k in 2025Cuba1,961 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%Ecuador0.36% in 2025Cuba0.033% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%Ecuador9.7% in 2025Cuba5.2% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Cuba 05 level0 Ecuador
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Cuba or Ecuador?

Ecuador publishes 7.1× as much research as Cuba in 2022-now (65k against 9.1k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Cuba or Ecuador?

8.4% of Ecuador's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.7% for Cuba.

Is Cuba or Ecuador growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +59% against 2018-21 for Ecuador, and -64% for Cuba.

Which has more open access research, Cuba or Ecuador?

79% of Ecuador's research is free to read, against 41% of Cuba's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Cuba or Ecuador?

Cuba holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Ecuador 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Cuba

  1. 1University of Havana4.3% top 10% · 1.1k works
  2. 2Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas (UCLV)4.8% top 10% · 619 works
  3. 3University of Holguín4.9% top 10% · 478 works
  4. 4Instituto de Información Científica y Tecnológica31.1% top 10% · 315 works
  5. 5Universidad de Oriente4.1% top 10% · 374 works
  6. 6Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana6.3% top 10% · 452 works

Ecuador

  1. 1Universidad Católica de Cuenca6.6% top 10% · 4.1k works
  2. 2Universidad Técnica de Manabí9.1% top 10% · 3k works
  3. 3Universidad Estatal de Milagro10.0% top 10% · 2.3k works
  4. 4University of Guayaquil7.6% top 10% · 3.4k works
  5. 5Universidad Tecnica de Machala9.9% top 10% · 1.8k works
  6. 6Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi6.2% top 10% · 1.7k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Cuba

  1. 1 Arian Abrahantes Quintana #137,417 worldwide 8k citations · 36 works
  2. 2 Juan J. Llibre Rodríguez #235,268 worldwide 9k citations · 236 works
  3. 3 Arturo Escobar #293,267 worldwide 29k citations · 386 works
  4. 4 Esteban Rodríguez Torres #315,225 worldwide 361 citations · 40 works
  5. 5 Pedro Antonio Valdes-Sosa #364,245 worldwide 15k citations · 440 works

Ecuador

  1. 1 Augusto Paolo Bernal Párraga #3,437 worldwide 2.1k citations · 77 works
  2. 2 Rafael Alvarado #8,280 worldwide 9.9k citations · 183 works
  3. 3 David Neill #17,836 worldwide 21k citations · 193 works
  4. 4 Renato Valencia #29,585 worldwide 16k citations · 186 works
  5. 5 César Iván Casanova-Villalba #45,087 worldwide 1.1k citations · 72 works