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Denmark vs India

On research quality in 2022-now, Denmark ranks #15 in the world and India #18, of 189 countries. Denmark stands higher in 19 of the 26 fields both publish in, India in 7.

Research profiles alike: -0.53different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Denmark

World rank, 2022-now
#15
#14 all time
Works, 2022-now
99k
fractional
Top-10% rate
12.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
40%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Public Administration, Architecture, Medical Terminology.

India

World rank, 2022-now
#18
#20 all time
Works, 2022-now
1.4M
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
40%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Complementary and alternative medicine.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Denmark leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work, institutions in the world top 100 and international co-authorship. India leads on 2 of 9 measures: output and growth. The two are level on open access.

Denmark 61 level2 India
  1. #15Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#18
  2. 1.25×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.67×
  3. 99kOutputfractional works, 2022-now1.4M
  4. 12.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited6.5%
  5. 26.7Citations per workall time, per fractional work12.0
  6. 1World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 40%Open accessof its works free to read, all time40%
  8. 28%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time11%
  9. -6%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+48%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Denmark stands higher in 19 of 26 fields, India in 7. Denmark leads most in Veterinary (#13 against #19); India leads most in Chemical Engineering (#6 against #17). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Denmark 197 India
  1. #13Agricultural and Biological Sciences#17
  2. #16Arts and Humanities#23
  3. #12Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#21
  4. #15Business, Management and Accounting#18
  5. #17Chemical Engineering#6
  6. #21Chemistry#5
  7. #18Computer Science#19
  8. #16Decision Sciences#14
  9. #21Dentistry#27
  10. #17Earth and Planetary Sciences#23
  11. #16Economics, Econometrics and Finance#20
  12. #10Energy#15
  13. #17Engineering#15
  14. #14Environmental Science#18
  15. #13Health Professions#23
  16. #17Immunology and Microbiology#28
  17. #22Materials Science#14
  18. #21Mathematics#17
  19. #11Medicine#30
  20. #17Neuroscience#27
  21. #15Nursing#23
  22. #16Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#8
  23. #18Physics and Astronomy#19
  24. #18Psychology#35
  25. #12Social Sciences#36
  26. #13Veterinary#19

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Denmark rankIndia rank Denmark top 10%India top 10% Denmark worksIndia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #13 #17 15.1% 6.9% 3.1k 108k
Arts and Humanities #16 #23 11.6% 8.5% 3.2k 17k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #12 #21 13.3% 6.2% 6.2k 70k
Business, Management and Accounting #15 #18 11.8% 8.9% 3.2k 37k
Chemical Engineering #17 #6 11.6% 7.6% 337 5.8k
Chemistry #21 #5 10.9% 7.8% 955 38k
Computer Science #18 #19 10.6% 6.5% 5k 167k
Decision Sciences #16 #14 10.8% 7.7% 1.1k 15k
Dentistry #21 #27 13.6% 4.1% 283 15k
Earth and Planetary Sciences #17 #23 11.8% 7.0% 1.5k 14k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #16 #20 12.6% 7.3% 1.9k 22k
Energy #10 #15 14.0% 6.9% 822 17k
Engineering #17 #15 11.9% 7.0% 11k 261k
Environmental Science #14 #18 12.0% 7.7% 4.9k 65k
Health Professions #13 #23 11.7% 6.8% 3.2k 29k
Immunology and Microbiology #17 #28 11.5% 5.7% 1.2k 10k
Materials Science #22 #14 10.3% 7.2% 1.7k 71k
Mathematics #21 #17 12.4% 9.0% 769 17k
Medicine #11 #30 14.0% 4.8% 27k 254k
Neuroscience #17 #27 12.5% 5.9% 2.1k 19k
Nursing #15 #23 13.0% 6.6% 520 8.5k
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #16 #8 10.8% 6.4% 302 11k
Physics and Astronomy #18 #19 13.7% 6.2% 1.9k 26k
Psychology #18 #35 10.4% 5.2% 4.4k 26k
Social Sciences #12 #36 11.3% 7.2% 12k 61k
Veterinary #13 #19 12.1% 4.3% 271 1.6k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Denmark

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology5,822▲ 1.32×139 topics
  2. Climate Change3,473▲ 1.16×126 topics
  3. Inflammation3,217▲ 1.37×83 topics
  4. Sustainability2,750◆ 1.02×131 topics
  5. Machine Learning2,504▼ 0.68×97 topics
  6. Quality of Life2,278▲ 1.43×60 topics
  7. Globalization2,263◆ 1.04×176 topics
  8. Cardiovascular Disease2,174▲ 1.73×39 topics
  9. Education2,081◆ 1.10×147 topics
  10. Renewable Energy2,029▲ 1.27×60 topics
  11. Treatment1,861▲ 1.39×52 topics
  12. Public Health1,829◆ 1.14×75 topics
  13. Oxidative Stress1,800◆ 0.99×63 topics
  14. Environmental Impact1,744◆ 0.93×73 topics
  15. Metabolic Syndrome1,625▲ 1.82×24 topics
  16. Depression1,460▲ 1.50×26 topics
  17. Qualitative Research1,416▲ 1.51×42 topics
  18. Risk Factors1,404▲ 1.16×37 topics
  19. Diagnosis1,396▲ 1.36×41 topics
  20. Obesity1,290▲ 1.52×29 topics
  21. Genetics1,241▲ 1.59×27 topics
  22. Pedagogy1,199▲ 2.2×30 topics
  23. Embodiment1,183▲ 5.7×7 topics
  24. Heart Failure1,160▲ 2.4×14 topics
  25. Ethics1,134▲ 2.0×59 topics
  26. Guidelines1,049▲ 2.0×13 topics
  27. Social Sciences1,023▲ 6.4×21 topics
  28. Tacit Knowledge969▲ 19×3 topics
  29. Ethical Guidelines909▲ 16×4 topics
  30. Social Science874▲ 22×8 topics
  31. Pragmatism857▲ 31×4 topics
  32. Dementia Care831▲ 62×2 topics
  33. Interactional Expertise826▲ 69×1 topic
  34. Technical Decision-making826▲ 69×1 topic
  35. Discourse Analysis817▲ 3.1×11 topics
  36. Glycemic Control744▲ 4.2×4 topics
  37. Gender Studies738▲ 4.4×18 topics
  38. Special Education709▲ 11×6 topics
  39. Methodology706▲ 13×7 topics
  40. Quantitative Methods681▲ 47×2 topics

India

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning122k▲ 2.2×85 topics
  2. Machine Learning110k▲ 2.0×97 topics
  3. Epidemiology62k◆ 0.97×140 topics
  4. Sustainability43k◆ 1.10×139 topics
  5. Climate Change40k◆ 0.92×132 topics
  6. Neural Networks37k▲ 1.50×42 topics
  7. Healthcare37k▲ 1.99×43 topics
  8. Nanoparticles34k▲ 1.68×44 topics
  9. Environmental Impact34k▲ 1.22×74 topics
  10. Internet of Things32k▲ 2.3×33 topics
  11. Artificial Intelligence29k▲ 1.28×67 topics
  12. Convolutional Neural Networks29k▲ 2.5×14 topics
  13. Biomedical Applications29k▲ 1.51×36 topics
  14. Nanomaterials29k▲ 1.71×21 topics
  15. Inflammation29k▼ 0.84×83 topics
  16. Security29k▲ 2.6×31 topics
  17. Oxidative Stress28k◆ 1.04×63 topics
  18. Renewable Energy27k▲ 1.18×61 topics
  19. Antioxidant24k▲ 2.2×51 topics
  20. COVID-1924k◆ 1.13×34 topics
  21. Mechanical Properties23k▲ 1.44×39 topics
  22. Data Mining22k▲ 1.88×25 topics
  23. Wireless Sensor Networks22k▲ 3.1×23 topics
  24. Energy Efficiency22k▲ 1.47×46 topics
  25. Big Data21k▲ 1.37×37 topics
  26. Medical Imaging19k▲ 2.2×9 topics
  27. Graphene19k▲ 1.74×12 topics
  28. Feature Extraction19k▲ 2.6×10 topics
  29. IoT18k▲ 3.0×19 topics
  30. Environmental Monitoring18k▲ 2.9×19 topics
  31. Image Processing18k▲ 2.5×14 topics
  32. IoT Security17k▲ 3.5×3 topics
  33. Classification17k▲ 2.3×13 topics
  34. Smart Cities14k▲ 3.4×8 topics
  35. Big Data Analytics13k▲ 3.9×5 topics
  36. Privacy13k▲ 2.8×11 topics
  37. Cybersecurity13k▲ 3.1×6 topics
  38. Feature Selection12k▲ 3.5×6 topics
  39. India11k▲ 9.1×4 topics
  40. Smart Farming10k▲ 5.5×2 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

India has out-published Denmark every year since 1980.

still counting200k400kIndia391k in 2025Denmark22k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting2.5%5.0%7.5%India6.7% in 2025Denmark0.38% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Denmark13.3% in 2025India6.6% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Denmark 32 India
  1. 1In the world top 500
  2. 1In the top 1000
  3. 5In the top 5002
  4. 8In the top 1,00015
  5. #18Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#16

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Denmark or India?

India publishes 14.0× as much research as Denmark in 2022-now (1.4M against 99k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Denmark or India?

12.5% of Denmark's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.5% for India.

Is Denmark or India growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +48% against 2018-21 for India, and -6% for Denmark.

Which has more open access research, Denmark or India?

40% of India's research is free to read, against 40% of Denmark's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Denmark or India?

Denmark holds 1 of the world's top 100 research institutions and India 0; in the top 1,000 it is 8 against 15.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Denmark

  1. 1University of Copenhagen14.7% top 10% · 20k works
  2. 2Aarhus University12.2% top 10% · 18k works
  3. 3University of Southern Denmark13.1% top 10% · 8.4k works
  4. 4Technical University of Denmark11.8% top 10% · 11k works
  5. 5Aalborg University11.1% top 10% · 12k works
  6. 6Novo Nordisk Foundation22.6% top 10% · 696 works

India

  1. 1Indian Institute of Science Bangalore7.1% top 10% · 8.1k works
  2. 2Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur9.3% top 10% · 10k works
  3. 3Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati7.3% top 10% · 7k works
  4. 4Indian Institute of Technology Bombay6.4% top 10% · 9.1k works
  5. 5Indian Institute of Technology Madras6.3% top 10% · 9.4k works
  6. 6Indian Institute of Technology Delhi8.4% top 10% · 11k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Denmark

  1. 1 Kannan Govindan #15 worldwide 54k citations · 477 works
  2. 2 Jens K. Nørskov #52 worldwide 260k citations · 883 works
  3. 3 Eske Willerslev #151 worldwide 74k citations · 463 works
  4. 4 Benjamin Kenneth Sovacool #435 worldwide 71k citations · 1,014 works
  5. 5 Seiji Fujimoto #675 worldwide 14k citations · 418 works

India

  1. 1 Sanjit Mitra #61 worldwide 167k citations · 467 works
  2. 2 C. Mishra #208 worldwide 84k citations · 251 works
  3. 3 Sachin Kumar Mangla #416 worldwide 25k citations · 373 works
  4. 4 S. J. Kapadia #575 worldwide 52k citations · 233 works
  5. 5 P. Ajith #693 worldwide 82k citations · 285 works

Other comparisons

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