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India vs Norway

On research quality in 2022-now, India ranks #18 in the world and Norway #21, of 189 countries. India stands higher in 15 of the 26 fields both publish in, Norway in 11.

Research profiles alike: -0.69different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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India

World rank, 2022-now
#18
#20 all time
Works, 2022-now
1.4M
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
40%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Complementary and alternative medicine.

Norway

World rank, 2022-now
#21
#21 all time
Works, 2022-now
81k
fractional
Top-10% rate
12.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
47%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Public Administration, Research and Theory, Ocean Engineering.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Norway leads on 5 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work, open access and international co-authorship. India leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, output and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

India 31 level5 Norway
  1. #18Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#21
  2. 0.67×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.27×
  3. 1.4MOutputfractional works, 2022-now81k
  4. 6.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited12.8%
  5. 12.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work26.2
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 40%Open accessof its works free to read, all time47%
  8. 11%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time31%
  9. +48%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+4%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

India stands higher in 15 of 26 fields, Norway in 11. India leads most in Chemistry (#5 against #34); Norway leads most in Psychology (#14 against #35). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

India 1511 Norway
  1. #17Agricultural and Biological Sciences#27
  2. #23Arts and Humanities#17
  3. #21Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#23
  4. #18Business, Management and Accounting#19
  5. #6Chemical Engineering#23
  6. #5Chemistry#34
  7. #19Computer Science#22
  8. #14Decision Sciences#17
  9. #27Dentistry#26
  10. #23Earth and Planetary Sciences#10
  11. #20Economics, Econometrics and Finance#19
  12. #15Energy#16
  13. #15Engineering#21
  14. #18Environmental Science#13
  15. #23Health Professions#16
  16. #28Immunology and Microbiology#21
  17. #14Materials Science#24
  18. #17Mathematics#23
  19. #30Medicine#19
  20. #27Neuroscience#20
  21. #23Nursing#26
  22. #8Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-
  23. #19Physics and Astronomy#24
  24. #35Psychology#14
  25. #36Social Sciences#15
  26. #19Veterinary-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field India rankNorway rank India top 10%Norway top 10% India worksNorway works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #17 #27 6.9% 12.7% 108k 2.2k
Arts and Humanities #23 #17 8.5% 14.9% 17k 3.2k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #21 #23 6.2% 10.9% 70k 3.3k
Business, Management and Accounting #18 #19 8.9% 14.4% 37k 2.5k
Chemical Engineering #6 #23 7.6% 8.5% 5.8k 238
Chemistry #5 #34 7.8% 8.5% 38k 541
Computer Science #19 #22 6.5% 12.7% 167k 5.1k
Decision Sciences #14 #17 7.7% 13.0% 15k 1.2k
Dentistry #27 #26 4.1% 13.2% 15k 273
Earth and Planetary Sciences #23 #10 7.0% 11.8% 14k 2.6k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #20 #19 7.3% 13.1% 22k 1.7k
Energy #15 #16 6.9% 11.6% 17k 710
Engineering #15 #21 7.0% 10.1% 261k 11k
Environmental Science #18 #13 7.7% 11.2% 65k 5.9k
Health Professions #23 #16 6.8% 13.1% 29k 3.1k
Immunology and Microbiology #28 #21 5.7% 12.2% 10k 773
Materials Science #14 #24 7.2% 9.8% 71k 1.2k
Mathematics #17 #23 9.0% 12.6% 17k 749
Medicine #30 #19 4.8% 14.0% 254k 14k
Neuroscience #27 #20 5.9% 11.1% 19k 1.4k
Nursing #23 #26 6.6% 12.6% 8.5k 356
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #8 - 6.4% - 11k -
Physics and Astronomy #19 #24 6.2% 10.2% 26k 1.3k
Psychology #35 #14 5.2% 13.7% 26k 5.1k
Social Sciences #36 #15 7.2% 15.5% 61k 13k
Veterinary #19 - 4.3% - 1.6k -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

India

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning122k▲ 2.2×85 topics
  2. Machine Learning110k▲ 2.0×97 topics
  3. Epidemiology62k◆ 0.97×140 topics
  4. Sustainability43k◆ 1.10×139 topics
  5. Climate Change40k◆ 0.92×132 topics
  6. Neural Networks37k▲ 1.50×42 topics
  7. Healthcare37k▲ 1.99×43 topics
  8. Nanoparticles34k▲ 1.68×44 topics
  9. Environmental Impact34k▲ 1.22×74 topics
  10. Internet of Things32k▲ 2.3×33 topics
  11. Artificial Intelligence29k▲ 1.28×67 topics
  12. Convolutional Neural Networks29k▲ 2.5×14 topics
  13. Biomedical Applications29k▲ 1.51×36 topics
  14. Nanomaterials29k▲ 1.71×21 topics
  15. Inflammation29k▼ 0.84×83 topics
  16. Security29k▲ 2.6×31 topics
  17. Oxidative Stress28k◆ 1.04×63 topics
  18. Renewable Energy27k▲ 1.18×61 topics
  19. Antioxidant24k▲ 2.2×51 topics
  20. COVID-1924k◆ 1.13×34 topics
  21. Mechanical Properties23k▲ 1.44×39 topics
  22. Data Mining22k▲ 1.88×25 topics
  23. Wireless Sensor Networks22k▲ 3.1×23 topics
  24. Energy Efficiency22k▲ 1.47×46 topics
  25. Big Data21k▲ 1.37×37 topics
  26. Medical Imaging19k▲ 2.2×9 topics
  27. Graphene19k▲ 1.74×12 topics
  28. Feature Extraction19k▲ 2.6×10 topics
  29. IoT18k▲ 3.0×19 topics
  30. Environmental Monitoring18k▲ 2.9×19 topics
  31. Image Processing18k▲ 2.5×14 topics
  32. IoT Security17k▲ 3.5×3 topics
  33. Classification17k▲ 2.3×13 topics
  34. Smart Cities14k▲ 3.4×8 topics
  35. Big Data Analytics13k▲ 3.9×5 topics
  36. Privacy13k▲ 2.8×11 topics
  37. Cybersecurity13k▲ 3.1×6 topics
  38. Feature Selection12k▲ 3.5×6 topics
  39. India11k▲ 9.1×4 topics
  40. Smart Farming10k▲ 5.5×2 topics

Norway

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change4,529▲ 1.81×130 topics
  2. Epidemiology3,392◆ 0.93×140 topics
  3. Sustainability2,832▲ 1.26×137 topics
  4. Machine Learning2,813◆ 0.92×97 topics
  5. Deep Learning2,229▼ 0.70×85 topics
  6. Globalization2,190▲ 1.21×181 topics
  7. Mental Health2,024▲ 1.54×48 topics
  8. Renewable Energy1,984▲ 1.49×61 topics
  9. Environmental Impact1,867▲ 1.19×74 topics
  10. Public Health1,651▲ 1.23×76 topics
  11. Inflammation1,586▼ 0.81×83 topics
  12. Education1,547◆ 0.98×157 topics
  13. Quality of Life1,464◆ 1.10×61 topics
  14. Remote Sensing1,286◆ 1.14×40 topics
  15. Depression1,172▲ 1.45×26 topics
  16. Cardiovascular Disease1,141◆ 1.09×39 topics
  17. Human Rights1,138▲ 1.21×88 topics
  18. Risk Factors1,114◆ 1.10×37 topics
  19. Ethics917▲ 1.97×59 topics
  20. Resilience899▲ 1.99×19 topics
  21. Democracy824▲ 2.6×30 topics
  22. Global Warming762▲ 1.94×16 topics
  23. Embodiment756▲ 4.4×7 topics
  24. Religion751▲ 1.76×43 topics
  25. Invasive Species740▲ 1.90×21 topics
  26. Well-being708▲ 1.98×14 topics
  27. Aquaculture699▲ 3.0×8 topics
  28. Tacit Knowledge638▲ 15×3 topics
  29. Arctic600▲ 5.9×4 topics
  30. Ethical Guidelines519▲ 11×4 topics
  31. Social Science508▲ 15×7 topics
  32. Ocean Circulation494▲ 3.9×3 topics
  33. Pragmatism481▲ 21×4 topics
  34. Dementia Care473▲ 42×2 topics
  35. Interactional Expertise460▲ 46×1 topic
  36. Technical Decision-making460▲ 46×1 topic
  37. Fisheries Sustainability459▲ 5.8×2 topics
  38. Constitutionalism432▲ 5.3×6 topics
  39. ECHR375▲ 12×1 topic
  40. European Legal Systems375▲ 12×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

India has out-published Norway every year since 1980.

still counting200k400kIndia391k in 2025Norway20k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting2.5%5.0%7.5%India6.7% in 2025Norway0.35% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Norway12.0% in 2025India6.6% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

India 22 level1 Norway
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 2In the top 5003
  4. 15In the top 1,0007
  5. #16Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#23

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, India or Norway?

India publishes 17.1× as much research as Norway in 2022-now (1.4M against 81k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, India or Norway?

12.8% of Norway's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.5% for India.

Is India or Norway growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +48% against 2018-21 for India, and +4% for Norway.

Which has more open access research, India or Norway?

47% of Norway's research is free to read, against 40% of India's.

Which has more world-class institutions, India or Norway?

India holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Norway 0; in the top 1,000 it is 15 against 7.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

India

  1. 1Indian Institute of Science Bangalore7.1% top 10% · 8.1k works
  2. 2Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur9.3% top 10% · 10k works
  3. 3Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati7.3% top 10% · 7k works
  4. 4Indian Institute of Technology Bombay6.4% top 10% · 9.1k works
  5. 5Indian Institute of Technology Madras6.3% top 10% · 9.4k works
  6. 6Indian Institute of Technology Delhi8.4% top 10% · 11k works

Norway

  1. 1Norwegian University of Science and Technology13.6% top 10% · 12k works
  2. 2University of Oslo14.4% top 10% · 13k works
  3. 3University of Bergen13.1% top 10% · 6.5k works
  4. 4University of Stavanger14.0% top 10% · 3.2k works
  5. 5UiT The Arctic University of Norway12.1% top 10% · 3.7k works
  6. 6Norwegian Institute of Public Health15.2% top 10% · 1k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

India

  1. 1 Sanjit Mitra #61 worldwide 167k citations · 467 works
  2. 2 C. Mishra #208 worldwide 84k citations · 251 works
  3. 3 Sachin Kumar Mangla #416 worldwide 25k citations · 373 works
  4. 4 S. J. Kapadia #575 worldwide 52k citations · 233 works
  5. 5 P. Ajith #693 worldwide 82k citations · 285 works

Norway

  1. 1 Amandeep Dhir #8 worldwide 33k citations · 319 works
  2. 2 Glen P. Peters #264 worldwide 69k citations · 451 works
  3. 3 Puneet Kaur #1,322 worldwide 18k citations · 209 works
  4. 4 Edvard Ingjald Moser #1,526 worldwide 53k citations · 437 works
  5. 5 Simon Elias Bibri #1,816 worldwide 12k citations · 146 works

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