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Ecuador vs El Salvador

On research quality in 2022-now, Ecuador ranks #55 in the world and El Salvador #114, of 189 countries. Ecuador stands higher in 22 of the 22 fields both publish in, El Salvador in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.87very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Ecuador

World rank, 2022-now
#55
#54 all time
Works, 2022-now
65k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
79%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Horticulture.

El Salvador

World rank, 2022-now
#114
#106 all time
Works, 2022-now
2.7k
fractional
Top-10% rate
4.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
82%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Social Sciences, Horticulture, Computer Science Applications.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Ecuador leads on 7 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. El Salvador leads on 1 of 9 measures: open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Ecuador 71 level1 El Salvador
  1. #55Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#114
  2. 0.74×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.68×
  3. 65kOutputfractional works, 2022-now2.7k
  4. 8.4%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited4.1%
  5. 3.4Citations per workall time, per fractional work2.2
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 79%Open accessof its works free to read, all time82%
  8. 21%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time18%
  9. +59%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+32%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Ecuador stands higher in 22 of 22 fields, El Salvador in 0. Ecuador leads most in Computer Science (#48 against #103). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Ecuador 220 El Salvador
  1. #55Agricultural and Biological Sciences-
  2. #50Arts and Humanities-
  3. #64Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-
  4. #50Business, Management and Accounting-
  5. #48Computer Science#103
  6. #57Decision Sciences-
  7. #42Dentistry-
  8. #65Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  9. #36Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  10. #46Energy-
  11. #61Engineering-
  12. #57Environmental Science-
  13. #38Health Professions-
  14. #52Immunology and Microbiology-
  15. #72Materials Science-
  16. #68Mathematics-
  17. #72Medicine#113
  18. #49Neuroscience-
  19. #54Nursing-
  20. #58Physics and Astronomy-
  21. #50Psychology-
  22. #43Social Sciences#90

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Ecuador rankEl Salvador rank Ecuador top 10%El Salvador top 10% Ecuador worksEl Salvador works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #55 - 7.5% - 4.2k -
Arts and Humanities #50 - 9.4% - 1k -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #64 - 5.8% - 1.1k -
Business, Management and Accounting #50 - 10.4% - 3.8k -
Computer Science #48 #103 8.8% 4.9% 5.9k 217
Decision Sciences #57 - 6.7% - 282 -
Dentistry #42 - 2.1% - 788 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #65 - 5.4% - 395 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #36 - 10.5% - 4.8k -
Energy #46 - 10.0% - 598 -
Engineering #61 - 5.6% - 3.6k -
Environmental Science #57 - 8.0% - 3.4k -
Health Professions #38 - 6.8% - 4.4k -
Immunology and Microbiology #52 - 5.4% - 386 -
Materials Science #72 - 7.2% - 347 -
Mathematics #68 - 7.3% - 219 -
Medicine #72 #113 3.8% 4.4% 8.5k 273
Neuroscience #49 - 5.2% - 385 -
Nursing #54 - 3.3% - 269 -
Physics and Astronomy #58 - 5.4% - 200 -
Psychology #50 - 8.0% - 3.2k -
Social Sciences #43 #90 11.7% 3.9% 16k 943

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Ecuador

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education9,461▲ 7.3×130 topics
  2. Small and Medium Enterprises5,412▲ 40×9 topics
  3. Digital Marketing5,405▲ 18×6 topics
  4. Innovation5,392▲ 6.9×75 topics
  5. Social Responsibility4,765▲ 27×11 topics
  6. Innovation Ecosystems4,591▲ 60×4 topics
  7. Globalization4,481▲ 3.0×149 topics
  8. Urban Development4,473▲ 17×18 topics
  9. Economic Impact4,467▲ 11×13 topics
  10. Globalization Effects4,443▲ 85×3 topics
  11. Tourism Management4,357▲ 83×2 topics
  12. City Branding4,355▲ 93×1 topic
  13. Psychopharmacology Education4,355▲ 93×1 topic
  14. Sustainability4,240▲ 2.3×119 topics
  15. Competitiveness4,214▲ 70×6 topics
  16. E-Learning4,007▲ 5.5×23 topics
  17. Educational Technology3,767▲ 4.2×44 topics
  18. COVID-193,624▲ 3.7×34 topics
  19. Knowledge Management3,605▲ 8.6×38 topics
  20. Public Health3,496▲ 3.2×73 topics
  21. Pedagogy3,380▲ 8.9×25 topics
  22. Health Promotion3,330▲ 14×17 topics
  23. Teacher Training3,107▲ 6.7×27 topics
  24. Inclusive Education3,012▲ 11×18 topics
  25. Human Rights2,977▲ 3.9×71 topics
  26. Distance Learning2,885▲ 11×13 topics
  27. Social Impact2,550▲ 8.6×24 topics
  28. Nutrition2,545▲ 7.6×17 topics
  29. Organizational Culture2,456▲ 8.4×16 topics
  30. Digital Divide2,405▲ 12×8 topics
  31. Online Education2,394▲ 16×7 topics
  32. Digital Competence2,368▲ 36×4 topics
  33. ICT2,345▲ 23×5 topics
  34. Virtual Teaching2,320▲ 57×1 topic
  35. Technology2,249▲ 5.7×40 topics
  36. University Students2,039▲ 48×2 topics
  37. Research1,884▲ 20×11 topics
  38. Communication1,828▲ 7.7×23 topics
  39. Educational Interventions1,766▲ 25×3 topics
  40. Occupational Health1,725▲ 20×8 topics

El Salvador

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education344▲ 6.7×78 topics
  2. Globalization222▲ 3.8×97 topics
  3. Latin America187▲ 33×21 topics
  4. Sustainability186▲ 2.5×84 topics
  5. Public Health184▲ 4.2×56 topics
  6. Innovation170▲ 5.5×44 topics
  7. Climate Change163▲ 2.0×78 topics
  8. Sustainable Development153▲ 3.3×48 topics
  9. Human Rights145▲ 4.7×44 topics
  10. E-Learning117▲ 4.1×14 topics
  11. Digital Marketing116▲ 10×4 topics
  12. Public Policy110▲ 7.8×19 topics
  13. COVID-19108▲ 2.8×26 topics
  14. Knowledge Management103▲ 6.2×20 topics
  15. Healthcare Access103▲ 13×12 topics
  16. Social Movements102▲ 12×21 topics
  17. Ethics100▲ 6.7×33 topics
  18. Health Promotion100▲ 11×14 topics
  19. Pedagogy94▲ 6.3×15 topics
  20. Small and Medium Enterprises93▲ 18×6 topics
  21. Technology89▲ 5.7×21 topics
  22. Teacher Training88▲ 4.8×19 topics
  23. Urban Development86▲ 8.2×13 topics
  24. Democracy86▲ 8.2×15 topics
  25. Environmental Management85▲ 7.0×11 topics
  26. Social Responsibility84▲ 12×9 topics
  27. Water Quality84▲ 7.0×13 topics
  28. Economic Impact82▲ 5.2×8 topics
  29. Distance Learning82▲ 7.9×10 topics
  30. Inclusive Education80▲ 7.5×14 topics
  31. Innovation Ecosystems80▲ 26×3 topics
  32. Healthcare Policy75▲ 28×3 topics
  33. Epidemiological Analysis74▲ 41×3 topics
  34. Chronic Disease Control74▲ 129×1 topic
  35. Community-based Resource Management74▲ 129×1 topic
  36. Psychopharmacology Education73▲ 40×1 topic
  37. Tourism Management73▲ 35×1 topic
  38. Inequality69▲ 10×14 topics
  39. Digital Divide68▲ 8.9×7 topics
  40. ICT63▲ 16×5 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Ecuador has out-published El Salvador every year since 2002, when it overtook it.

still counting10k20k30kEcuador21k in 2025El Salvador769 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%Ecuador0.36% in 2025El Salvador0.013% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%Ecuador9.7% in 2025El Salvador4.6% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Ecuador 05 level0 El Salvador
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Ecuador or El Salvador?

Ecuador publishes 24.1× as much research as El Salvador in 2022-now (65k against 2.7k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Ecuador or El Salvador?

8.4% of Ecuador's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 4.1% for El Salvador.

Is Ecuador or El Salvador growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +59% against 2018-21 for Ecuador, and +32% for El Salvador.

Which has more open access research, Ecuador or El Salvador?

82% of El Salvador's research is free to read, against 79% of Ecuador's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Ecuador or El Salvador?

Ecuador holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and El Salvador 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Ecuador

  1. 1Universidad Católica de Cuenca6.6% top 10% · 4.1k works
  2. 2Universidad Técnica de Manabí9.1% top 10% · 3k works
  3. 3Universidad Estatal de Milagro10.0% top 10% · 2.3k works
  4. 4University of Guayaquil7.6% top 10% · 3.4k works
  5. 5Universidad Tecnica de Machala9.9% top 10% · 1.8k works
  6. 6Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi6.2% top 10% · 1.7k works

El Salvador

  1. 1Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas3.3% top 10% · 535 works
  2. 2University of El Salvador3.8% top 10% · 535 works
  3. 3Universidad Don Bosco2.3% top 10% · 421 works
  4. 4Universidad de Oriente7.1% top 10% · 144 works
  5. 5Universidad Evangelica de El Salvador4.7% top 10% · 108 works
  6. 6Universidad Católica de El Salvador4.0% top 10% · 88 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Ecuador

  1. 1 Augusto Paolo Bernal Párraga #3,437 worldwide 2.1k citations · 77 works
  2. 2 Rafael Alvarado #8,280 worldwide 9.9k citations · 183 works
  3. 3 David Neill #17,836 worldwide 21k citations · 193 works
  4. 4 Renato Valencia #29,585 worldwide 16k citations · 186 works
  5. 5 César Iván Casanova-Villalba #45,087 worldwide 1.1k citations · 72 works

El Salvador

  1. 1 Ramón Gárcía-Trabanino #167,667 worldwide 2.7k citations · 54 works
  2. 2 Lourdes Ramírez Dueñas #482,398 worldwide 2.4k citations · 48 works
  3. 3 Soad Fuentes-Alabí #682,410 worldwide 1.6k citations · 46 works
  4. 4 Carlos Orantes #747,932 worldwide 1.2k citations · 34 works
  5. 5 Francisco S. Álvarez #1,078,172 worldwide 1.7k citations · 31 works