Ghana vs Zambia
On research quality in 2022-now, Ghana ranks #58 in the world and Zambia #81, of 189 countries. Ghana stands higher in 19 of the 19 fields both publish in, Zambia in 0.
Research profiles alike: 0.88very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Ghana
- World rank, 2022-now
- #58
- #68 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 27k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 10.8%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 65%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Library and Information Sciences, Horticulture, Research and Theory.
Zambia
- World rank, 2022-now
- #81
- #70 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 6.6k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 5.9%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 71%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Insect Science, Aquatic Science, Business and International Management.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Ghana leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate and citations per work. Zambia leads on 3 of 9 measures: open access, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.
- #58Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#81
- 1.00×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.80×
- 27kOutputfractional works, 2022-now6.6k
- 10.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited5.9%
- 12.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work9.8
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 65%Open accessof its works free to read, all time71%
- 33%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time44%
- +42%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+97%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Ghana stands higher in 19 of 19 fields, Zambia in 0. Ghana leads most in Computer Science (#62 against #110). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- #43Agricultural and Biological Sciences#77
- #55Arts and Humanities-
- #61Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#67
- #46Business, Management and Accounting#86
- #62Computer Science#110
- #45Decision Sciences-
- #58Earth and Planetary Sciences-
- #41Economics, Econometrics and Finance#76
- #57Energy-
- #72Engineering#103
- #52Environmental Science#83
- #42Health Professions#74
- #40Immunology and Microbiology-
- #70Materials Science-
- #60Mathematics-
- #58Medicine#66
- #40Nursing-
- #58Psychology-
- #59Social Sciences#98
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Ghana rank | Zambia rank | Ghana top 10% | Zambia top 10% | Ghana works | Zambia works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | #43 | #77 | 11.0% | 4.0% | 2.3k | 1.1k |
| Arts and Humanities | #55 | - | 11.5% | - | 746 | - |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | #61 | #67 | 9.3% | 3.8% | 637 | 410 |
| Business, Management and Accounting | #46 | #86 | 12.9% | 5.1% | 2.3k | 530 |
| Computer Science | #62 | #110 | 10.8% | 6.5% | 1.4k | 236 |
| Decision Sciences | #45 | - | 9.5% | - | 458 | - |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | #58 | - | 11.4% | - | 207 | - |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | #41 | #76 | 13.1% | 4.8% | 1.6k | 329 |
| Energy | #57 | - | 9.8% | - | 235 | - |
| Engineering | #72 | #103 | 8.0% | 6.2% | 1.7k | 331 |
| Environmental Science | #52 | #83 | 9.1% | 5.8% | 1.9k | 480 |
| Health Professions | #42 | #74 | 13.2% | 6.5% | 1.1k | 262 |
| Immunology and Microbiology | #40 | - | 12.1% | - | 295 | - |
| Materials Science | #70 | - | 7.5% | - | 206 | - |
| Mathematics | #60 | - | 11.1% | - | 277 | - |
| Medicine | #58 | #66 | 10.1% | 7.2% | 4.3k | 1.2k |
| Nursing | #40 | - | 11.6% | - | 396 | - |
| Psychology | #58 | - | 8.7% | - | 1k | - |
| Social Sciences | #59 | #98 | 11.6% | 7.4% | 5k | 887 |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Ghana
- Institutional Quality
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition
- Vulnerability
- Global Burden of Disease
- Sustainable Agriculture
- Governance
- Smallholder Farmers
- Child Mortality
- Leadership
- Urbanization
- Biodiversity Conservation
- Consumer Behavior
- Corporate Governance
- Supply Chain Management
- Mental Health
- Social Capital
- Education
- Renewable Energy
- Globalization
- Sustainability
- Epidemiology
- Climate Change
- Environmental Impact
- Sustainable Development
- Economic Growth
- Public Health
- Risk Management
- Maternal Mortality
- Poverty Reduction
- Community Health Workers
- Health Inequalities
- Child Development
- Socio-economic Factors
- Health Systems
- Social Networks
- Development
- Gender Inequality
- Poverty Alleviation
- ICT
- Water Sanitation Hygiene
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology1,614▲ 1.30×136 topics
- Sustainability1,476▲ 1.93×109 topics
- Climate Change1,179▲ 1.39×111 topics
- Globalization1,054▲ 1.72×132 topics
- Environmental Impact932▲ 1.75×67 topics
- Renewable Energy815▲ 1.80×53 topics
- Sustainable Development808▲ 1.65×89 topics
- Education786▲ 1.46×101 topics
- Economic Growth786▲ 3.1×34 topics
- Social Capital700▲ 4.3×21 topics
- Public Health690▲ 1.52×65 topics
- Mental Health661▲ 1.48×43 topics
- Risk Management650▲ 4.4×18 topics
- Supply Chain Management597▲ 2.1×26 topics
- Maternal Mortality544▲ 7.8×5 topics
- Corporate Governance529▲ 2.3×27 topics
- Poverty Reduction517▲ 13×7 topics
- Consumer Behavior514▲ 2.6×18 topics
- Community Health Workers479▲ 17×2 topics
- Biodiversity Conservation456▲ 3.9×17 topics
- Health Inequalities456▲ 12×5 topics
- Urbanization456▲ 3.6×13 topics
- Child Development449▲ 3.5×8 topics
- Leadership447▲ 2.9×35 topics
- Socio-economic Factors435▲ 12×3 topics
- Child Mortality432▲ 19×1 topic
- Health Systems432▲ 19×1 topic
- Smallholder Farmers429▲ 6.5×6 topics
- Social Networks417▲ 4.9×13 topics
- Governance412▲ 4.0×15 topics
- Development397▲ 3.6×19 topics
- Sustainable Agriculture395▲ 4.1×15 topics
- Gender Inequality381▲ 8.8×6 topics
- Global Burden of Disease372▲ 4.8×4 topics
- Poverty Alleviation372▲ 12×3 topics
- Vulnerability370▲ 5.1×8 topics
- ICT305▲ 7.3×5 topics
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition305▲ 12×1 topic
- Water Sanitation Hygiene305▲ 12×1 topic
- Institutional Quality302▲ 9.2×3 topics
Zambia
- Morphology
- Child Mortality
- Health Inequalities
- Vaccine
- Antiretroviral Therapy
- Chemical Ecology
- Pheromones
- Food Security
- Economic Growth
- Environmental Challenge
- Social Capital
- Pest Management
- Host Specificity
- Lepidoptera
- Biological Control
- Evolution
- Conservation
- Invasive Species
- Climate Change
- Biodiversity
- Epidemiology
- Sustainability
- Phylogeny
- DNA Barcoding
- Taxonomy
- Environmental Impact
- Cryptic Species
- Molecular Phylogenetics
- Ecological Impact
- Sustainable Energy
- Economic Assessment
- Water Hyacinth
- Economic Development
- Poverty Reduction
- Genetic Diversity
- Odor Source Localization
- Maternal Mortality
- Community Health Workers
- Socio-economic Factors
- Health Systems
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology502▲ 1.57×133 topics
- Biodiversity393▲ 6.4×34 topics
- Sustainability366▲ 1.86×95 topics
- Climate Change347▲ 1.59×107 topics
- Phylogeny319▲ 24×16 topics
- Invasive Species310▲ 9.1×21 topics
- DNA Barcoding306▲ 22×9 topics
- Conservation299▲ 8.7×21 topics
- Taxonomy294▲ 25×13 topics
- Evolution291▲ 14×15 topics
- Environmental Impact277▲ 2.0×59 topics
- Biological Control267▲ 22×9 topics
- Cryptic Species240▲ 117×2 topics
- Lepidoptera238▲ 156×1 topic
- Molecular Phylogenetics238▲ 156×1 topic
- Host Specificity220▲ 24×5 topics
- Ecological Impact202▲ 48×3 topics
- Pest Management200▲ 30×5 topics
- Sustainable Energy198▲ 13×4 topics
- Social Capital197▲ 4.7×20 topics
- Economic Assessment191▲ 87×2 topics
- Environmental Challenge191▲ 193×1 topic
- Water Hyacinth191▲ 193×1 topic
- Economic Growth179▲ 2.7×31 topics
- Economic Development171▲ 2.7×40 topics
- Food Security166▲ 3.8×21 topics
- Poverty Reduction159▲ 15×6 topics
- Pheromones142▲ 33×3 topics
- Genetic Diversity140▲ 4.0×21 topics
- Chemical Ecology139▲ 182×1 topic
- Odor Source Localization139▲ 182×1 topic
- Antiretroviral Therapy136▲ 10×6 topics
- Maternal Mortality132▲ 7.3×5 topics
- Vaccine132▲ 4.1×11 topics
- Community Health Workers121▲ 17×2 topics
- Health Inequalities114▲ 12×5 topics
- Socio-economic Factors111▲ 12×3 topics
- Child Mortality109▲ 19×1 topic
- Health Systems109▲ 19×1 topic
- Morphology106▲ 7.4×9 topics
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Ghana has out-published Zambia every year since 1980.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0000
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Ghana or Zambia?
Ghana publishes 4.0× as much research as Zambia in 2022-now (27k against 6.6k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Ghana or Zambia?
10.8% of Ghana's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.9% for Zambia.
Is Ghana or Zambia growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was +97% against 2018-21 for Zambia, and +42% for Ghana.
Which has more open access research, Ghana or Zambia?
71% of Zambia's research is free to read, against 65% of Ghana's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Ghana or Zambia?
Ghana holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Zambia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Ghana
- 1University of Ghana11.0% top 10% · 5.3k works
- 2University of Cape Coast12.8% top 10% · 2.8k works
- 3Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology10.8% top 10% · 4.5k works
- 4University for Development Studies11.1% top 10% · 1.9k works
- 5University of Education, Winneba8.0% top 10% · 1.4k works
- 6Takoradi Technical University13.8% top 10% · 404 works
Zambia
- 1University of Zambia4.1% top 10% · 3k works
- 2Copperbelt University9.9% top 10% · 442 works
- 3University of Lusaka7.1% top 10% · 297 works
- 4Kwame Nkrumah University5.9% top 10% · 419 works
- 5University Teaching Hospital4.8% top 10% · 423 works
- 6Mulungushi University7.8% top 10% · 196 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Ghana
- 1 Richard Gyan Aboagye #22,347 worldwide 39k citations · 250 works
- 2 Emmanuel Joel Aikins Abakah #27,882 worldwide 4.7k citations · 132 works
- 3 Martin Amogre Ayanore #33,207 worldwide 54k citations · 181 works
- 4 Robert Kokou Dowou #33,244 worldwide 25k citations · 109 works
- 5 Hubert Amu #37,771 worldwide 49k citations · 190 works
Zambia
- 1 Ramasamy Subbaiya #37,734 worldwide 6.1k citations · 110 works
- 2 Matthew Bates #121,851 worldwide 9.2k citations · 157 works
- 3 Duncan M Chanda #189,837 worldwide 4.7k citations · 83 works
- 4 Enock Siankwilimba #204,647 worldwide 585 citations · 58 works
- 5 Monde Muyoyeta #219,462 worldwide 3.4k citations · 135 works