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Iraq vs Tajikistan

On research quality in 2022-now, Iraq ranks #187 in the world and Tajikistan #189, of 189 countries. Iraq stands higher in 20 of the 26 fields both publish in, Tajikistan in 6.

Research profiles alike: -0.45different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Iraq

World rank, 2022-now
#187
#177 all time
Works, 2022-now
117k
fractional
Top-10% rate
4.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
78%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Numerical Analysis, Algebra and Number Theory.

Tajikistan

World rank, 2022-now
#189
#203 all time
Works, 2022-now
7.1k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.3%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
44%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Development, Filtration and Separation, Fuel Technology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Iraq leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, open access and growth. Tajikistan leads on 3 of 9 measures: top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Iraq 51 level3 Tajikistan
  1. #187Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#189
  2. 0.43×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.35×
  3. 117kOutputfractional works, 2022-now7.1k
  4. 4.7%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.3%
  5. 5.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work5.4
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 78%Open accessof its works free to read, all time44%
  8. 15%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time73%
  9. +87%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+48%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Iraq stands higher in 20 of 26 fields, Tajikistan in 6. Iraq leads most in Engineering (#106 against #131); Tajikistan leads most in Social Sciences (#141 against #148). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Iraq 206 Tajikistan
  1. #122Agricultural and Biological Sciences#124
  2. #103Arts and Humanities#100
  3. #103Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#105
  4. #108Business, Management and Accounting#110
  5. #43Chemical Engineering-
  6. #68Chemistry-
  7. #125Computer Science#128
  8. #76Decision Sciences-
  9. #62Dentistry-
  10. #78Earth and Planetary Sciences#75
  11. #107Economics, Econometrics and Finance#106
  12. #67Energy-
  13. #106Engineering#131
  14. #120Environmental Science#122
  15. #105Health Professions-
  16. #71Immunology and Microbiology-
  17. #83Materials Science#86
  18. #80Mathematics#77
  19. #150Medicine#149
  20. #71Neuroscience-
  21. #64Nursing-
  22. #44Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-
  23. #75Physics and Astronomy#76
  24. #106Psychology-
  25. #148Social Sciences#141
  26. #30Veterinary-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Iraq rankTajikistan rank Iraq top 10%Tajikistan top 10% Iraq worksTajikistan works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #122 #124 3.1% 8.6% 8.3k 301
Arts and Humanities #103 #100 5.7% 8.4% 3.3k 428
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #103 #105 3.0% 6.9% 5.5k 294
Business, Management and Accounting #108 #110 5.7% 6.9% 2.8k 223
Chemical Engineering #43 - 5.7% - 348 -
Chemistry #68 - 6.4% - 3.2k -
Computer Science #125 #128 6.5% 7.2% 11k 354
Decision Sciences #76 - 6.2% - 1.3k -
Dentistry #62 - 2.8% - 1.6k -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #78 #75 3.6% 4.1% 1.2k 315
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #107 #106 3.6% 10.0% 1.6k 291
Energy #67 - 7.8% - 1.5k -
Engineering #106 #131 5.7% 6.7% 22k 689
Environmental Science #120 #122 4.6% 8.2% 5.7k 317
Health Professions #105 - 5.1% - 2.8k -
Immunology and Microbiology #71 - 1.5% - 1.7k -
Materials Science #83 #86 7.3% 6.6% 5.2k 204
Mathematics #80 #77 6.0% 6.4% 2.3k 248
Medicine #150 #149 2.9% 5.7% 18k 733
Neuroscience #71 - 5.6% - 1.1k -
Nursing #64 - 2.2% - 826 -
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #44 - 4.6% - 861 -
Physics and Astronomy #75 #76 5.7% 6.7% 1.3k 273
Psychology #106 - 3.3% - 2.3k -
Social Sciences #148 #141 4.0% 8.2% 10k 1.8k
Veterinary #30 - 1.4% - 210 -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Iraq

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning6,208▲ 1.43×97 topics
  2. Deep Learning6,012▲ 1.33×85 topics
  3. Epidemiology5,468◆ 1.05×137 topics
  4. Inflammation3,503▲ 1.26×83 topics
  5. Nanoparticles3,313▲ 2.0×44 topics
  6. Environmental Impact3,295▲ 1.48×73 topics
  7. Oxidative Stress2,705▲ 1.26×63 topics
  8. Nanomaterials2,429▲ 1.78×21 topics
  9. Renewable Energy2,256▲ 1.19×61 topics
  10. Antioxidant2,179▲ 2.4×51 topics
  11. Remote Sensing2,135▲ 1.34×40 topics
  12. Mechanical Properties2,134▲ 1.67×39 topics
  13. Culture2,006▲ 2.9×40 topics
  14. Literature2,004▲ 2.8×60 topics
  15. History1,885▲ 2.1×57 topics
  16. Philosophy1,819▲ 3.1×41 topics
  17. Islam1,756▲ 6.5×5 topics
  18. Ethnicity1,752▲ 3.6×23 topics
  19. Toxicity1,738▲ 3.1×20 topics
  20. Synthesis1,692▲ 3.5×36 topics
  21. Social Influence1,656▲ 6.0×3 topics
  22. Antioxidant Activity1,634▲ 2.0×32 topics
  23. Science1,632▲ 5.1×10 topics
  24. Sharia Law1,610▲ 8.6×2 topics
  25. Malay Language1,609▲ 8.8×1 topic
  26. Heat Transfer1,598▲ 2.5×20 topics
  27. Artificial Neural Networks1,524▲ 2.6×10 topics
  28. Economic Security1,374▲ 5.0×7 topics
  29. Legal Regulation1,348▲ 4.6×8 topics
  30. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles1,328▲ 5.4×5 topics
  31. Strategic Planning1,280▲ 6.7×5 topics
  32. Design1,279▲ 6.0×6 topics
  33. Modernization1,265▲ 5.3×5 topics
  34. International Trade Law1,254▲ 7.3×2 topics
  35. Foresight1,252▲ 7.3×2 topics
  36. Public Oversight1,248▲ 7.8×1 topic
  37. Transport Policy1,248▲ 7.8×1 topic
  38. Air Force1,245▲ 8.1×1 topic
  39. Warfare1,245▲ 8.1×1 topic
  40. Recycled Materials923▲ 6.3×2 topics

Tajikistan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization592▲ 3.7×123 topics
  2. Climate Change469▲ 2.1×104 topics
  3. Sustainable Development463▲ 3.6×85 topics
  4. Digital Transformation363▲ 8.3×24 topics
  5. Economic Development341▲ 5.3×45 topics
  6. Innovation332▲ 4.0×63 topics
  7. Artificial Intelligence313▲ 2.7×61 topics
  8. Social Media296▲ 2.6×34 topics
  9. Language273▲ 14×15 topics
  10. Regional Development264▲ 9.5×19 topics
  11. Digital Economy263▲ 16×18 topics
  12. Pedagogy235▲ 5.8×22 topics
  13. Ethnicity226▲ 7.5×21 topics
  14. Legal Regulation221▲ 12×8 topics
  15. Identity213▲ 3.6×62 topics
  16. Nationalism183▲ 5.0×30 topics
  17. Media181▲ 15×14 topics
  18. Linguistics174▲ 14×8 topics
  19. Migration173▲ 6.2×26 topics
  20. International Relations170▲ 8.7×23 topics
  21. Economic Security162▲ 9.4×7 topics
  22. Digital Education157▲ 13×6 topics
  23. Geopolitics157▲ 13×10 topics
  24. Educational Technologies156▲ 21×2 topics
  25. Language Teaching150▲ 7.0×8 topics
  26. Politics149▲ 7.0×21 topics
  27. Discourse Analysis147▲ 7.5×8 topics
  28. Youth140▲ 12×6 topics
  29. Phraseology139▲ 24×3 topics
  30. Teaching Methods138▲ 11×10 topics
  31. Tourism Development136▲ 12×2 topics
  32. Coronavirus135▲ 8.4×4 topics
  33. Arctic132▲ 15×4 topics
  34. Critical Thinking132▲ 14×4 topics
  35. Formative Assessment132▲ 19×2 topics
  36. Artistic Education131▲ 25×1 topic
  37. Student Competencies131▲ 25×1 topic
  38. Cultural Communication130▲ 47×1 topic
  39. Persuasion Strategies130▲ 47×1 topic
  40. Global Economy129▲ 12×6 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Iraq has out-published Tajikistan every year since 2002, when it overtook it.

still counting20k40kIraq31k in 2025Tajikistan1,828 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%0.60%Iraq0.52% in 2025Tajikistan0.031% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%Tajikistan7.5% in 2025Iraq5.1% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Iraq 05 level0 Tajikistan
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Iraq or Tajikistan?

Iraq publishes 16.3× as much research as Tajikistan in 2022-now (117k against 7.1k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Iraq or Tajikistan?

7.3% of Tajikistan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 4.7% for Iraq.

Is Iraq or Tajikistan growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +87% against 2018-21 for Iraq, and +48% for Tajikistan.

Which has more open access research, Iraq or Tajikistan?

78% of Iraq's research is free to read, against 44% of Tajikistan's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Iraq or Tajikistan?

Iraq holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Tajikistan 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Iraq

  1. 1University of Raparin11.5% top 10% · 638 works
  2. 2Koya University6.8% top 10% · 879 works
  3. 3University of Technology - Iraq6.5% top 10% · 4.7k works
  4. 4Tishk International University11.6% top 10% · 1k works
  5. 5Duhok Polytechnic University10.3% top 10% · 627 works
  6. 6Kurdistan Regional Government8.8% top 10% · 960 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Iraq

  1. 1 Aso Mohammad Darwesh #14,894 worldwide 51k citations · 121 works
  2. 2 Ahmed Omar Bali #18,851 worldwide 46k citations · 89 works
  3. 3 Mokhtar Mohammadi #20,512 worldwide 15k citations · 151 works
  4. 4 Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed #24,716 worldwide 7.1k citations · 192 works
  5. 5 Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem #24,839 worldwide 6.4k citations · 111 works

Tajikistan

  1. 1 Farukh S. Sharopov #487,438 worldwide 8.9k citations · 136 works
  2. 2 V. Minaev #491,403 worldwide 1.7k citations · 27 works
  3. 3 Ilhomjon Oimahmadov #548,681 worldwide 1.7k citations · 63 works
  4. 4 Mustafo Gadoev #561,339 worldwide 1.8k citations · 78 works
  5. 5 Anatoly Ischuk #798,321 worldwide 1.2k citations · 49 works