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Kazakhstan vs Ukraine

On research quality in 2022-now, Ukraine ranks #60 in the world and Kazakhstan #91, of 189 countries. Kazakhstan stands higher in 4 of the 25 fields both publish in, Ukraine in 21.

Research profiles alike: 0.69similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Kazakhstan

World rank, 2022-now
#91
#85 all time
Works, 2022-now
40k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
68%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Fuel Technology, General Energy, Nuclear Energy and Engineering.

Ukraine

World rank, 2022-now
#60
#76 all time
Works, 2022-now
168k
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.6%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
65%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Anatomy, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Fuel Technology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Kazakhstan leads on 6 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Ukraine leads on 2 of 9 measures: research quality and output. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Kazakhstan 61 level2 Ukraine
  1. #91Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#60
  2. 0.69×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.43×
  3. 40kOutputfractional works, 2022-now168k
  4. 7.7%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited6.6%
  5. 5.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work4.0
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 68%Open accessof its works free to read, all time65%
  8. 30%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time14%
  9. +81%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+4%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Kazakhstan stands higher in 4 of 25 fields, Ukraine in 21. Ukraine leads most in Economics, Econometrics and Finance (#31 against #89); Kazakhstan leads most in Neuroscience (#58 against #66). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Kazakhstan 421 Ukraine
  1. #96Agricultural and Biological Sciences#52
  2. #73Arts and Humanities#42
  3. #79Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#80
  4. #91Business, Management and Accounting#63
  5. -Chemical Engineering#40
  6. #67Chemistry#42
  7. #88Computer Science#58
  8. #71Decision Sciences#61
  9. -Dentistry#53
  10. #67Earth and Planetary Sciences#72
  11. #89Economics, Econometrics and Finance#31
  12. #66Energy#61
  13. #77Engineering#51
  14. #91Environmental Science#68
  15. #93Health Professions#70
  16. #64Immunology and Microbiology#68
  17. #59Materials Science#37
  18. #61Mathematics#40
  19. #132Medicine#102
  20. #58Neuroscience#66
  21. -Nursing#61
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#39
  23. #59Physics and Astronomy#52
  24. #82Psychology#66
  25. #74Social Sciences#42

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Kazakhstan rankUkraine rank Kazakhstan top 10%Ukraine top 10% Kazakhstan worksUkraine works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #96 #52 8.7% 6.4% 2.8k 8.7k
Arts and Humanities #73 #42 10.0% 7.6% 1.5k 4.9k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #79 #80 6.5% 2.5% 1.1k 3.3k
Business, Management and Accounting #91 #63 8.2% 7.0% 1.4k 5.6k
Chemical Engineering - #40 - 2.7% - 279
Chemistry #67 #42 4.2% 3.1% 500 1.8k
Computer Science #88 #58 8.6% 6.2% 3.3k 12k
Decision Sciences #71 #61 7.4% 4.1% 316 905
Dentistry - #53 - 1.0% - 696
Earth and Planetary Sciences #67 #72 6.3% 4.0% 608 1.6k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #89 #31 7.7% 9.0% 1.5k 14k
Energy #66 #61 6.0% 4.9% 522 1.1k
Engineering #77 #51 6.6% 6.1% 7.1k 26k
Environmental Science #91 #68 6.8% 7.3% 1.8k 13k
Health Professions #93 #70 8.2% 6.5% 708 2.7k
Immunology and Microbiology #64 #68 6.8% 1.7% 232 796
Materials Science #59 #37 6.1% 3.7% 1.4k 4.9k
Mathematics #61 #40 6.5% 7.9% 806 2k
Medicine #132 #102 6.2% 3.3% 4.1k 19k
Neuroscience #58 #66 7.0% 2.1% 239 1.2k
Nursing - #61 - 1.4% - 373
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #39 - 7.3% - 485
Physics and Astronomy #59 #52 6.2% 2.7% 736 2.6k
Psychology #82 #66 7.3% 4.5% 1.1k 3.4k
Social Sciences #74 #42 9.6% 9.8% 8.1k 36k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Kazakhstan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development2,930▲ 4.0×107 topics
  2. Climate Change2,302▲ 1.83×125 topics
  3. Globalization2,060▲ 2.3×155 topics
  4. Innovation2,045▲ 4.3×77 topics
  5. Education1,859▲ 2.3×127 topics
  6. Sustainability1,598▲ 1.41×127 topics
  7. Educational Technology1,528▲ 2.8×47 topics
  8. Artificial Intelligence1,416▲ 2.1×65 topics
  9. Renewable Energy1,317▲ 1.96×59 topics
  10. Energy Efficiency1,275▲ 3.0×45 topics
  11. E-Learning1,254▲ 2.8×25 topics
  12. Digital Transformation1,221▲ 4.9×30 topics
  13. Online Learning1,056▲ 2.7×26 topics
  14. Pedagogy1,044▲ 4.5×27 topics
  15. Legal Regulation1,032▲ 9.9×8 topics
  16. Food Security1,014▲ 4.0×24 topics
  17. Economic Development995▲ 2.7×50 topics
  18. Economic Security965▲ 9.8×7 topics
  19. Digitalization959▲ 10×14 topics
  20. Teacher Training911▲ 3.2×26 topics
  21. Ethnicity894▲ 5.2×22 topics
  22. Digital Economy894▲ 9.6×19 topics
  23. Higher Education879▲ 3.6×30 topics
  24. Regional Development854▲ 5.4×21 topics
  25. Culture849▲ 3.5×33 topics
  26. Migration766▲ 4.8×30 topics
  27. Islam635▲ 6.6×5 topics
  28. Geopolitics627▲ 8.9×11 topics
  29. Strategic Planning618▲ 9.1×5 topics
  30. Foresight613▲ 10×2 topics
  31. International Trade Law612▲ 10×2 topics
  32. Public Oversight607▲ 11×1 topic
  33. Transport Policy607▲ 11×1 topic
  34. Modernization604▲ 7.1×5 topics
  35. Sharia Law592▲ 8.9×2 topics
  36. Malay Language592▲ 9.1×1 topic
  37. Design584▲ 7.7×6 topics
  38. Air Force572▲ 10×1 topic
  39. Warfare572▲ 10×1 topic
  40. Central Asia572▲ 17×4 topics

Ukraine

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development23k▲ 7.8×112 topics
  2. Globalization12k▲ 3.4×180 topics
  3. Innovation12k▲ 6.1×89 topics
  4. Financial Security12k▲ 59×3 topics
  5. Economic Development11k▲ 7.7×56 topics
  6. Economic Security10k▲ 26×7 topics
  7. Legal Regulation9,255▲ 22×8 topics
  8. Climate Change9,158▲ 1.80×129 topics
  9. Environmental Management8,978▲ 12×23 topics
  10. Artificial Intelligence8,644▲ 3.2×67 topics
  11. Renewable Energy8,525▲ 3.1×61 topics
  12. Energy Efficiency8,353▲ 4.8×45 topics
  13. Human Rights7,344▲ 3.8×90 topics
  14. Digital Transformation7,226▲ 7.1×31 topics
  15. Foresight5,820▲ 24×2 topics
  16. Ethnicity5,702▲ 8.1×24 topics
  17. Industrial Policy5,637▲ 28×7 topics
  18. Pedagogy5,568▲ 5.9×30 topics
  19. Literature5,536▲ 5.4×62 topics
  20. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles5,435▲ 15×5 topics
  21. Strategic Planning5,430▲ 20×5 topics
  22. Design5,402▲ 18×6 topics
  23. Modernization5,387▲ 16×5 topics
  24. Culture5,370▲ 5.5×37 topics
  25. Air Force5,355▲ 24×1 topic
  26. Warfare5,355▲ 24×1 topic
  27. Philosophy5,153▲ 6.2×44 topics
  28. International Trade Law5,001▲ 20×2 topics
  29. Public Oversight4,988▲ 22×1 topic
  30. Transport Policy4,988▲ 22×1 topic
  31. Science4,983▲ 11×13 topics
  32. Social Influence4,955▲ 12×3 topics
  33. Public Finance4,932▲ 60×4 topics
  34. Islam4,916▲ 13×5 topics
  35. Digital Economy4,896▲ 13×20 topics
  36. Sharia Law4,890▲ 18×2 topics
  37. Malay Language4,888▲ 19×1 topic
  38. Fiscal Risks4,882▲ 73×1 topic
  39. Smart Industry4,882▲ 73×1 topic
  40. Innovation Development4,596▲ 32×3 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Ukraine has out-published Kazakhstan every year since 1980.

still counting20k40k60kUkraine38k in 2025Kazakhstan11k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.50%1.0%Ukraine0.65% in 2025Kazakhstan0.19% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%Kazakhstan8.7% in 2025Ukraine5.3% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Kazakhstan 05 level0 Ukraine
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Kazakhstan or Ukraine?

Ukraine publishes 4.2× as much research as Kazakhstan in 2022-now (168k against 40k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Kazakhstan or Ukraine?

7.7% of Kazakhstan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.6% for Ukraine.

Is Kazakhstan or Ukraine growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +81% against 2018-21 for Kazakhstan, and +4% for Ukraine.

Which has more open access research, Kazakhstan or Ukraine?

68% of Kazakhstan's research is free to read, against 65% of Ukraine's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Kazakhstan or Ukraine?

Kazakhstan holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Ukraine 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Kazakhstan

  1. 1Nazarbayev University14.3% top 10% · 3.1k works
  2. 2Suleyman Demirel University5.8% top 10% · 2.9k works
  3. 3L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University7.3% top 10% · 3.1k works
  4. 4Astana Medical University7.4% top 10% · 1.8k works
  5. 5Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University8.9% top 10% · 1.2k works
  6. 6Ahmet Yesevi University7.6% top 10% · 795 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Kazakhstan

  1. 1 Kairat Davletov #4,259 worldwide 125k citations · 151 works
  2. 2 Mukhtar Kulimbet #8,033 worldwide 26k citations · 91 works
  3. 3 Shazim Ali Memon #24,150 worldwide 9.8k citations · 153 works
  4. 4 Anas Hajar #24,262 worldwide 1.1k citations · 125 works
  5. 5 Mayowa Tosin Babalola #43,099 worldwide 3.7k citations · 74 works

Ukraine

  1. 1 Igor Bondarenko #35,157 worldwide 56k citations · 630 works
  2. 2 Alexander N. Parkhomenko #40,415 worldwide 91k citations · 305 works
  3. 3 Y. Martynov #43,257 worldwide 19k citations · 224 works
  4. 4 Halyna Mishchuk #45,622 worldwide 1.8k citations · 67 works
  5. 5 Aleksei V. Chechkin #60,860 worldwide 9.2k citations · 235 works