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Kosovo vs Lebanon

On research quality in 2022-now, Lebanon ranks #76 in the world and Kosovo #128, of 189 countries. Kosovo stands higher in 0 of the 15 fields both publish in, Lebanon in 15.

Research profiles alike: 0.76very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Kosovo

World rank, 2022-now
#128
#161 all time
Works, 2022-now
3.6k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
74%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Cultural Studies, Economics and Econometrics.

Lebanon

World rank, 2022-now
#76
#75 all time
Works, 2022-now
15k
fractional
Top-10% rate
11.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
44%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Modeling and Simulation, Orthodontics, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Lebanon leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. Kosovo leads on 2 of 9 measures: open access and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Kosovo 21 level6 Lebanon
  1. #128Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#76
  2. 0.58×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.95×
  3. 3.6kOutputfractional works, 2022-now15k
  4. 8.1%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited11.8%
  5. 4.8Citations per workall time, per fractional work14.9
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 74%Open accessof its works free to read, all time44%
  8. 28%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time36%
  9. +22%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+17%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Kosovo stands higher in 0 of 15 fields, Lebanon in 15. Lebanon leads most in Medicine (#85 against #138). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Kosovo 015 Lebanon
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#94
  2. -Arts and Humanities#81
  3. -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#72
  4. #93Business, Management and Accounting#72
  5. #98Computer Science#60
  6. #68Economics, Econometrics and Finance#61
  7. #109Engineering#66
  8. -Environmental Science#89
  9. -Health Professions#76
  10. -Materials Science#79
  11. -Mathematics#66
  12. #138Medicine#85
  13. -Neuroscience#61
  14. -Psychology#62
  15. #94Social Sciences#84

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Kosovo rankLebanon rank Kosovo top 10%Lebanon top 10% Kosovo worksLebanon works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #94 - 11.3% - 451
Arts and Humanities - #81 - 11.2% - 284
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - #72 - 9.2% - 615
Business, Management and Accounting #93 #72 8.2% 15.1% 249 627
Computer Science #98 #60 7.3% 13.0% 241 1.1k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #68 #61 12.1% 22.4% 318 537
Engineering #109 #66 6.4% 11.4% 256 1.6k
Environmental Science - #89 - 11.2% - 560
Health Professions - #76 - 13.9% - 448
Materials Science - #79 - 8.1% - 248
Mathematics - #66 - 16.7% - 258
Medicine #138 #85 3.3% 9.4% 511 4.1k
Neuroscience - #61 - 8.5% - 204
Psychology - #62 - 13.5% - 585
Social Sciences #94 #84 9.6% 12.7% 801 1.6k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Kosovo

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development204▲ 3.2×72 topics
  2. Economic Growth175▲ 5.3×30 topics
  3. Globalization168▲ 2.1×91 topics
  4. Epidemiology159◆ 0.98×115 topics
  5. Identity123▲ 4.2×31 topics
  6. Sustainability122▲ 1.23×81 topics
  7. Ethnicity122▲ 8.0×12 topics
  8. Nationalism120▲ 6.6×14 topics
  9. Education111▲ 1.59×63 topics
  10. Conflict107▲ 16×8 topics
  11. Religion106▲ 5.6×17 topics
  12. Balkans105▲ 112×2 topics
  13. Regional Development104▲ 7.5×12 topics
  14. Human Rights102▲ 2.5×63 topics
  15. Financial Performance99▲ 4.3×14 topics
  16. Mental Health98▲ 1.68×38 topics
  17. Memory94▲ 9.5×10 topics
  18. Eastern Europe92▲ 43×2 topics
  19. Innovation92▲ 2.2×49 topics
  20. Post-war91▲ 192×1 topic
  21. Yugoslavia91▲ 192×1 topic
  22. Renewable Energy91▲ 1.55×42 topics
  23. Organizational Culture88▲ 5.7×10 topics
  24. Economic Development77▲ 2.4×32 topics
  25. Small and Medium Enterprises71▲ 9.9×8 topics
  26. Innovation Management70▲ 11×5 topics
  27. Agricultural Sustainability68▲ 15×5 topics
  28. Leadership Emergence67▲ 120×1 topic
  29. Rural Tourism67▲ 53×1 topic
  30. Global Governance57▲ 5.8×20 topics
  31. Labor Market55▲ 4.8×13 topics
  32. International Relations55▲ 5.5×23 topics
  33. Governance54▲ 4.1×12 topics
  34. Fiscal Policy52▲ 6.2×9 topics
  35. Nation-Building48▲ 22×4 topics
  36. Geopolitics41▲ 6.7×8 topics
  37. Sovereignty41▲ 11×9 topics
  38. International Trade40▲ 7.1×8 topics
  39. Foreign Policy40▲ 26×3 topics
  40. Institutional Quality39▲ 9.1×3 topics

Lebanon

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,046▲ 1.56×136 topics
  2. Machine Learning685▲ 1.22×96 topics
  3. Deep Learning647◆ 1.12×82 topics
  4. Inflammation399◆ 1.12×83 topics
  5. Mental Health382▲ 1.59×46 topics
  6. Sustainability364◆ 0.89×102 topics
  7. COVID-19350▲ 1.60×29 topics
  8. Quality of Life349▲ 1.44×58 topics
  9. Renewable Energy336▲ 1.38×52 topics
  10. Treatment335▲ 1.64×52 topics
  11. Healthcare332▲ 1.73×36 topics
  12. Climate Change324▼ 0.71×106 topics
  13. Globalization312◆ 0.94×123 topics
  14. Environmental Impact300◆ 1.05×63 topics
  15. Public Health284▲ 1.16×66 topics
  16. Artificial Intelligence273◆ 1.14×59 topics
  17. Supply Chain Management268▲ 1.77×24 topics
  18. Pandemic264▲ 1.59×12 topics
  19. Diagnosis264▲ 1.68×41 topics
  20. Cardiovascular Disease253▲ 1.32×39 topics
  21. Risk Factors245▲ 1.32×37 topics
  22. Human Rights227▲ 1.32×67 topics
  23. Internet of Things222▲ 1.55×30 topics
  24. Depression218▲ 1.47×25 topics
  25. Economic Growth214▲ 1.56×31 topics
  26. Politics213▲ 4.8×19 topics
  27. Energy Efficiency208▲ 1.34×38 topics
  28. Governance206▲ 3.8×18 topics
  29. Chemotherapy198▲ 1.66×24 topics
  30. Identity197▲ 1.62×53 topics
  31. Security189▲ 1.68×30 topics
  32. Complications188▲ 2.2×17 topics
  33. Mortality181▲ 1.90×13 topics
  34. Refugees168▲ 8.1×9 topics
  35. Risk Management160▲ 2.0×17 topics
  36. Sovereignty152▲ 10×10 topics
  37. Infectious Diseases143▲ 2.6×9 topics
  38. Civil War139▲ 27×2 topics
  39. Lebanon129▲ 72×1 topic
  40. Sectarianism129▲ 72×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Lebanon has out-published Kosovo every year since 1980.

still counting2k4k6kLebanon4,203 in 2025Kosovo1,052 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.025%0.050%0.075%Lebanon0.071% in 2025Kosovo0.018% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Lebanon11.2% in 2025Kosovo8.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Kosovo 03 level2 Lebanon
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0001
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#46

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Kosovo or Lebanon?

Lebanon publishes 4.1× as much research as Kosovo in 2022-now (15k against 3.6k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Kosovo or Lebanon?

11.8% of Lebanon's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 8.1% for Kosovo.

Is Kosovo or Lebanon growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +22% against 2018-21 for Kosovo, and +17% for Lebanon.

Which has more open access research, Kosovo or Lebanon?

74% of Kosovo's research is free to read, against 44% of Lebanon's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Kosovo or Lebanon?

Kosovo holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Lebanon 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 1.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Kosovo

  1. 1University of Prishtina8.3% top 10% · 1.9k works
  2. 2University for Business and Technology9.9% top 10% · 507 works
  3. 3AAB College7.7% top 10% · 332 works
  4. 4University Clinical Center of Kosovo6.7% top 10% · 575 works
  5. 5Rochester Institute of Technology Kosovo6.7% top 10% · 152 works
  6. 6Kosovo Telecom (Kosovo)5.8% top 10% · 88 works

Lebanon

  1. 1Lebanese American University24.6% top 10% · 2.3k works
  2. 2American University of Beirut10.8% top 10% · 3.2k works
  3. 3Holy Spirit University of Kaslik17.8% top 10% · 509 works
  4. 4Saint Joseph University8.7% top 10% · 1k works
  5. 5Lebanese University7.6% top 10% · 1.9k works
  6. 6Lebanese International University12.2% top 10% · 432 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Kosovo

  1. 1 Lul Raka #152,106 worldwide 8.6k citations · 100 works
  2. 2 Gani Bajraktari #349,991 worldwide 53k citations · 239 works
  3. 3 Shpend Elezi #506,177 worldwide 33k citations · 107 works
  4. 4 Hyrije Koraqi #549,076 worldwide 962 citations · 56 works
  5. 5 Arianit Jakupi #576,652 worldwide 1.2k citations · 27 works

Lebanon

  1. 1 Elie I. Bouri #152 worldwide 29k citations · 467 works
  2. 2 Elie Georges Karam #15,821 worldwide 35k citations · 290 works
  3. 3 John Fayyad #72,447 worldwide 11k citations · 65 works
  4. 4 Omar S. Itani #72,719 worldwide 3.3k citations · 113 works
  5. 5 Aimée Karam #73,746 worldwide 12k citations · 75 works