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Liechtenstein vs Peru

On research quality in 2022-now, Peru ranks #53 in the world and Liechtenstein #127, of 189 countries. Liechtenstein stands higher in 0 of the 21 fields both publish in, Peru in 21.

Research profiles alike: 0.68similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Liechtenstein

World rank, 2022-now
#127
#105 all time
Works, 2022-now
572
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
31%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Architecture, Ceramics and Composites, Finance.

Peru

World rank, 2022-now
#53
#44 all time
Works, 2022-now
54k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
78%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, Computer Science Applications, General Social Sciences.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Liechtenstein leads on 4 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. Peru leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, output and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and growth.

Liechtenstein 42 level3 Peru
  1. #127Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#53
  2. 0.90×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.65×
  3. 572Outputfractional works, 2022-now54k
  4. 9.2%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.2%
  5. 19.3Citations per workall time, per fractional work4.2
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 31%Open accessof its works free to read, all time78%
  8. 42%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time19%
  9. +34%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+35%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Liechtenstein stands higher in 0 of 21 fields, Peru in 21. Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Liechtenstein 021 Peru
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#41
  2. -Arts and Humanities#46
  3. -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#66
  4. -Business, Management and Accounting#39
  5. -Computer Science#59
  6. -Decision Sciences#44
  7. -Dentistry#40
  8. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#50
  9. -Economics, Econometrics and Finance#38
  10. -Energy#62
  11. -Engineering#65
  12. -Environmental Science#61
  13. -Health Professions#37
  14. -Immunology and Microbiology#46
  15. -Materials Science#78
  16. -Mathematics#70
  17. -Medicine#46
  18. -Neuroscience#55
  19. -Nursing#45
  20. -Psychology#40
  21. -Social Sciences#40

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Liechtenstein rankPeru rank Liechtenstein top 10%Peru top 10% Liechtenstein worksPeru works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #41 - 6.7% - 3.8k
Arts and Humanities - #46 - 8.0% - 2k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - #66 - 4.3% - 1k
Business, Management and Accounting - #39 - 9.3% - 3.4k
Computer Science - #59 - 7.0% - 4.5k
Decision Sciences - #44 - 8.4% - 441
Dentistry - #40 - 3.1% - 553
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #50 - 4.2% - 532
Economics, Econometrics and Finance - #38 - 9.0% - 3k
Energy - #62 - 5.4% - 413
Engineering - #65 - 3.8% - 3k
Environmental Science - #61 - 6.1% - 3.7k
Health Professions - #37 - 7.5% - 2.9k
Immunology and Microbiology - #46 - 5.5% - 342
Materials Science - #78 - 4.1% - 324
Mathematics - #70 - 6.2% - 264
Medicine - #46 - 4.9% - 6.6k
Neuroscience - #55 - 4.2% - 291
Nursing - #45 - 4.2% - 247
Psychology - #40 - 7.4% - 2.7k
Social Sciences - #40 - 9.5% - 14k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Liechtenstein

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Cardiovascular Disease32▲ 4.4×26 topics
  2. Machine Learning30▲ 1.40×37 topics
  3. Sustainability30▲ 1.91×35 topics
  4. Inflammation23▲ 1.71×47 topics
  5. Sustainable Development22▲ 2.2×23 topics
  6. Artificial Intelligence21▲ 2.3×27 topics
  7. Big Data20▲ 3.4×12 topics
  8. Atherosclerosis19▲ 10×10 topics
  9. Obesity19▲ 3.8×9 topics
  10. Supply Chain Management17▲ 3.0×13 topics
  11. Clinical Trials17▲ 4.0×7 topics
  12. Human Rights16▲ 2.4×21 topics
  13. Innovation16▲ 2.4×23 topics
  14. Statins16▲ 34×2 topics
  15. Risk Management15▲ 5.0×12 topics
  16. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention15▲ 26×3 topics
  17. Metabolic Syndrome14▲ 2.8×15 topics
  18. Corporate Governance14▲ 3.1×18 topics
  19. Social Capital14▲ 4.2×11 topics
  20. C-Reactive Protein13▲ 27×2 topics
  21. Genetic Variants13▲ 11×3 topics
  22. Cholesterol-lowering12▲ 42×1 topic
  23. LDL Cholesterol12▲ 57×1 topic
  24. Coronary Artery Disease12▲ 16×3 topics
  25. Digital Transformation12▲ 3.5×8 topics
  26. Insulin Resistance11▲ 4.0×7 topics
  27. Urban Development11▲ 4.9×6 topics
  28. Innovation Policy11▲ 18×5 topics
  29. Social Innovation11▲ 11×4 topics
  30. Empowerment10▲ 15×2 topics
  31. Monetary Policy10▲ 6.3×10 topics
  32. Interdisciplinary Research9▲ 16×2 topics
  33. Vascular Function9▲ 14×3 topics
  34. Endothelial Function9▲ 16×2 topics
  35. Digital Social Innovation9▲ 112×1 topic
  36. Epicardial Fat9▲ 32×1 topic
  37. Knowledge Engineering9▲ 112×1 topic
  38. Perivascular Adipose Tissue9▲ 32×1 topic
  39. Cholesterol9▲ 9.7×4 topics
  40. Construction9▲ 10×3 topics

Peru

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education6,030▲ 5.7×138 topics
  2. Sustainability3,629▲ 2.4×118 topics
  3. Innovation3,591▲ 5.7×82 topics
  4. Globalization3,303▲ 2.7×158 topics
  5. Small and Medium Enterprises3,036▲ 28×9 topics
  6. Digital Marketing3,015▲ 13×6 topics
  7. COVID-192,806▲ 3.5×31 topics
  8. Social Responsibility2,602▲ 18×12 topics
  9. Public Health2,593▲ 2.9×74 topics
  10. E-Learning2,578▲ 4.4×25 topics
  11. Innovation Ecosystems2,516▲ 40×4 topics
  12. Knowledge Management2,451▲ 7.2×40 topics
  13. Urban Development2,447▲ 11×19 topics
  14. Competitiveness2,442▲ 50×8 topics
  15. Economic Impact2,432▲ 7.4×12 topics
  16. Globalization Effects2,335▲ 55×3 topics
  17. Tourism Management2,309▲ 54×2 topics
  18. City Branding2,308▲ 61×1 topic
  19. Psychopharmacology Education2,308▲ 61×1 topic
  20. Sustainable Development2,265▲ 2.4×101 topics
  21. Pedagogy2,264▲ 7.4×29 topics
  22. Educational Technology2,072▲ 2.9×44 topics
  23. Teacher Training2,045▲ 5.4×29 topics
  24. Human Rights1,986▲ 3.2×84 topics
  25. Distance Learning1,945▲ 9.1×13 topics
  26. Latin America1,902▲ 16×23 topics
  27. Health Promotion1,893▲ 9.8×17 topics
  28. Organizational Culture1,860▲ 7.9×17 topics
  29. Digital Divide1,632▲ 10×8 topics
  30. Online Education1,589▲ 13×7 topics
  31. ICT1,544▲ 19×5 topics
  32. Digital Competence1,543▲ 29×4 topics
  33. Public Policy1,528▲ 5.3×27 topics
  34. Virtual Teaching1,522▲ 46×1 topic
  35. Nutrition1,492▲ 5.5×19 topics
  36. Student Performance1,275▲ 20×4 topics
  37. Organizational Commitment1,268▲ 11×5 topics
  38. Curriculum Design1,262▲ 30×3 topics
  39. Teacher Development1,258▲ 33×2 topics
  40. Educational Leadership1,253▲ 16×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Peru has out-published Liechtenstein every year since 1980.

still counting5k10k15kPeru14k in 2025Liechtenstein165 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%Peru0.24% in 2025Liechtenstein0.0028% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%30%Peru8.1% in 2025Liechtenstein7.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Liechtenstein 05 level0 Peru
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Liechtenstein or Peru?

Peru publishes 95.1× as much research as Liechtenstein in 2022-now (54k against 572 fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Liechtenstein or Peru?

9.2% of Liechtenstein's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 7.2% for Peru.

Is Liechtenstein or Peru growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +35% against 2018-21 for Peru, and +34% for Liechtenstein.

Which has more open access research, Liechtenstein or Peru?

78% of Peru's research is free to read, against 31% of Liechtenstein's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Liechtenstein or Peru?

Liechtenstein holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Peru 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Liechtenstein

  1. 1University of Liechtenstein14.1% top 10% · 207 works
  2. 2Hilti (Liechtenstein)7.5% top 10% · 128 works
  3. 3Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein3.8% top 10% · 154 works

Peru

  1. 1Universidad César Vallejo12.0% top 10% · 5.7k works
  2. 2Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú8.2% top 10% · 3.1k works
  3. 3Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia6.2% top 10% · 1.4k works
  4. 4National University of San Marcos5.7% top 10% · 5.2k works
  5. 5Universidad de Lima6.1% top 10% · 1.4k works
  6. 6Universidad Nacional de San Martín8.2% top 10% · 984 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Liechtenstein

  1. 1 Siegward D. Heintze #83,267 worldwide 7.5k citations · 83 works
  2. 2 Jan vom Brocke #87,905 worldwide 18k citations · 470 works
  3. 3 Matthias Filser #104,999 worldwide 3.4k citations · 52 works
  4. 4 Giovanni Apruzzese #220,379 worldwide 1.7k citations · 80 works
  5. 5 Wolfram Höland #343,000 worldwide 5.6k citations · 116 works

Peru

  1. 1 Abel Monteagudo Mendoza #9,966 worldwide 6.2k citations · 101 works
  2. 2 Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado #10,182 worldwide 16k citations · 197 works
  3. 3 Rodolfo Vásquez #14,133 worldwide 16k citations · 148 works
  4. 4 Percy Núñez Vargas #30,849 worldwide 8.3k citations · 55 works
  5. 5 Norma Salinas #37,475 worldwide 9.9k citations · 177 works