Mali vs Sudan
On research quality in 2022-now, Sudan ranks #110 in the world and Mali #118, of 189 countries. Mali stands higher in 3 of the 8 fields both publish in, Sudan in 5.
Research profiles alike: 0.72very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Mali
- World rank, 2022-now
- #118
- #81 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 1.9k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 5.0%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 62%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Medical Terminology, Forestry, Horticulture.
Sudan
- World rank, 2022-now
- #110
- #114 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 7.7k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 7.1%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 65%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Microbiology, Forestry, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Sudan leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, open access and growth. Mali leads on 2 of 9 measures: citations per work and international co-authorship. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.
- #118Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#110
- 0.56×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.69×
- 1.9kOutputfractional works, 2022-now7.7k
- 5.0%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.1%
- 14.4Citations per workall time, per fractional work9.3
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 62%Open accessof its works free to read, all time65%
- 46%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time40%
- +9%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+22%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Mali stands higher in 3 of 8 fields, Sudan in 5. Mali leads most in Agricultural and Biological Sciences (#73 against #106). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- #73Agricultural and Biological Sciences#106
- -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#76
- -Computer Science#99
- -Engineering#89
- -Environmental Science#104
- -Health Professions#79
- #88Medicine#116
- #119Social Sciences#127
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Mali rank | Sudan rank | Mali top 10% | Sudan top 10% | Mali works | Sudan works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | #73 | #106 | 7.4% | 5.4% | 261 | 782 |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | - | #76 | - | 7.5% | - | 374 |
| Computer Science | - | #99 | - | 7.8% | - | 446 |
| Engineering | - | #89 | - | 9.2% | - | 686 |
| Environmental Science | - | #104 | - | 6.3% | - | 315 |
| Health Professions | - | #79 | - | 10.5% | - | 274 |
| Medicine | #88 | #116 | 2.6% | 5.4% | 792 | 2.2k |
| Social Sciences | #119 | #127 | 6.9% | 8.0% | 221 | 1k |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Mali
- Water Sanitation Hygiene
- Universal Health Coverage
- Healthcare Quality Indicators
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Healthcare Policy
- Genome Sequence
- Health Systems
- Social Determinants of Health
- Community Health Workers
- Primary Care
- Pathogenesis
- Immune Response
- Work Organization
- Livestock Farming
- Diversity
- Vaccine Development
- Treatment
- Adaptation
- Sustainability
- Climate Change
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Smallholder Farmers
- Diagnosis
- Agroecology
- Agricultural Development
- Multifunctionality
- Global Burden
- Maternal Mortality
- Sustainable Agriculture
- Vaccine
- Health Inequalities
- Socio-economic Factors
- Child Mortality
- Insecticide Resistance
- Digital Health
- Artemisinin Resistance
- Healthcare Management
- Inequalities
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology278▲ 3.2×126 topics
- Climate Change132▲ 2.2×76 topics
- Public Health110▲ 3.5×54 topics
- Sustainability107▲ 2.0×62 topics
- Smallholder Farmers101▲ 22×6 topics
- Adaptation77▲ 12×9 topics
- Diagnosis76▲ 3.7×38 topics
- Treatment69▲ 2.6×44 topics
- Agroecology64▲ 21×3 topics
- Vaccine Development64▲ 11×11 topics
- Agricultural Development62▲ 18×5 topics
- Diversity61▲ 16×5 topics
- Multifunctionality61▲ 60×2 topics
- Livestock Farming61▲ 47×3 topics
- Global Burden61▲ 5.1×12 topics
- Work Organization60▲ 72×1 topic
- Maternal Mortality58▲ 12×5 topics
- Immune Response57▲ 4.6×17 topics
- Sustainable Agriculture53▲ 7.8×12 topics
- Pathogenesis50▲ 4.4×22 topics
- Vaccine48▲ 5.5×11 topics
- Primary Care44▲ 5.4×12 topics
- Health Inequalities44▲ 16×3 topics
- Community Health Workers43▲ 22×2 topics
- Socio-economic Factors43▲ 18×3 topics
- Social Determinants of Health42▲ 8.9×6 topics
- Child Mortality42▲ 27×1 topic
- Health Systems42▲ 27×1 topic
- Insecticide Resistance40▲ 23×4 topics
- Genome Sequence39▲ 21×4 topics
- Digital Health37▲ 15×3 topics
- Healthcare Policy36▲ 18×3 topics
- Artemisinin Resistance36▲ 49×1 topic
- Plasmodium falciparum36▲ 49×1 topic
- Healthcare Management35▲ 20×2 topics
- Healthcare Quality Indicators34▲ 27×2 topics
- Inequalities34▲ 49×1 topic
- Universal Health Coverage34▲ 49×1 topic
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition31▲ 17×1 topic
- Water Sanitation Hygiene31▲ 17×1 topic
Sudan
- Climate Resilience
- Conflict
- Critical Thinking Skills
- Drug Resistance
- Vaccine Development
- Global Burden
- Vaccine
- Pathogenesis
- Diabetes
- Local Wisdom
- Pandemic
- E-Learning
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Character Education
- COVID-19
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Curriculum Development
- Climate Change
- Inflammation
- Epidemiology
- Machine Learning
- Public Health
- Globalization
- Digital Learning
- Oxidative Stress
- Antioxidant
- Educational Technology
- Immune Response
- Online Learning
- STEM Education
- Mobile Learning
- Genetic Diversity
- Islamic Education
- Antioxidant Activity
- Media Literacy
- Sustainable Agriculture
- 21st Century Skills
- Teacher Performance
- Character Development
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology709▲ 2.0×135 topics
- Inflammation266▲ 1.42×83 topics
- Machine Learning258◆ 0.88×87 topics
- Climate Change240◆ 1.01×103 topics
- Public Health220▲ 1.72×58 topics
- Curriculum Development203▲ 3.4×17 topics
- Globalization201▲ 1.16×83 topics
- Treatment197▲ 1.85×51 topics
- Digital Learning195▲ 4.3×12 topics
- Diagnosis193▲ 2.4×41 topics
- Oxidative Stress178▲ 1.23×62 topics
- COVID-19176▲ 1.54×31 topics
- Antioxidant165▲ 2.7×51 topics
- Character Education164▲ 3.9×6 topics
- Educational Technology161▲ 1.55×37 topics
- Cardiovascular Disease158▲ 1.58×39 topics
- Immune Response152▲ 3.0×23 topics
- E-Learning150▲ 1.77×24 topics
- Online Learning149▲ 2.0×23 topics
- Pandemic148▲ 1.69×14 topics
- STEM Education146▲ 3.7×15 topics
- Local Wisdom143▲ 3.5×9 topics
- Mobile Learning143▲ 4.8×6 topics
- Diabetes142▲ 3.2×22 topics
- Genetic Diversity132▲ 3.5×21 topics
- Pathogenesis128▲ 2.9×24 topics
- Islamic Education126▲ 4.3×4 topics
- Vaccine125▲ 3.6×11 topics
- Antioxidant Activity124▲ 2.3×31 topics
- Global Burden115▲ 2.4×12 topics
- Media Literacy113▲ 2.4×5 topics
- Vaccine Development99▲ 4.4×11 topics
- Sustainable Agriculture95▲ 3.5×13 topics
- Drug Resistance95▲ 3.8×9 topics
- 21st Century Skills89▲ 3.5×6 topics
- Critical Thinking Skills82▲ 5.4×2 topics
- Teacher Performance76▲ 6.2×2 topics
- Conflict75▲ 5.3×8 topics
- Character Development74▲ 5.2×2 topics
- Climate Resilience62▲ 12×3 topics
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Sudan has out-published Mali every year since 2002, when it overtook it.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0000
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Mali or Sudan?
Sudan publishes 4.0× as much research as Mali in 2022-now (7.7k against 1.9k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Mali or Sudan?
7.1% of Sudan's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.0% for Mali.
Is Mali or Sudan growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was +22% against 2018-21 for Sudan, and +9% for Mali.
Which has more open access research, Mali or Sudan?
65% of Sudan's research is free to read, against 62% of Mali's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Mali or Sudan?
Mali holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Sudan 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Mali
- 1Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako6.0% top 10% · 328 works
- 2University of Bamako3.4% top 10% · 385 works
- 3Mali-Folkecenter2.3% top 10% · 477 works
- 4Université des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines de Bamako4.9% top 10% · 176 works
- 5Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique5.7% top 10% · 71 works
- 6Ministry of Economy and Finance10.7% top 10% · 71 works
Sudan
- 1National University16.3% top 10% · 260 works
- 2University of Khartoum7.8% top 10% · 1.3k works
- 3Sudan Meteorological Authority7.3% top 10% · 720 works
- 4University of Gezira7.4% top 10% · 539 works
- 5Sudan University of Science and Technology6.8% top 10% · 573 works
- 6Al-Neelain University5.9% top 10% · 362 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Mali
- 1 Samba Ousmane Sow #66,530 worldwide 20k citations · 379 works
- 2 Robert B. Zougmoré #67,997 worldwide 8.3k citations · 341 works
- 3 Ogobara K. Doumbo #80,129 worldwide 33k citations · 514 works
- 4 Boubou Tamboura #86,714 worldwide 10k citations · 63 works
- 5 Kassoum Kayentao #103,548 worldwide 9k citations · 217 works
Sudan
- 1 Ayman Ahmed #17,030 worldwide 35k citations · 288 works
- 2 Nouh Saad Mohamed #38,344 worldwide 35k citations · 192 works
- 3 Emmanuel Edwar Siddig #68,313 worldwide 30k citations · 300 works
- 4 Ahmed ElSayed #171,188 worldwide 5.3k citations · 55 works
- 5 Hytham K. S. Hamid #277,816 worldwide 2.5k citations · 139 works