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North Macedonia vs Romania

On research quality in 2022-now, Romania ranks #41 in the world and North Macedonia #119, of 189 countries. North Macedonia stands higher in 0 of the 25 fields both publish in, Romania in 25.

Research profiles alike: 0.73very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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North Macedonia

World rank, 2022-now
#119
#144 all time
Works, 2022-now
7.9k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
63%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Finance, Medical Laboratory Technology.

Romania

World rank, 2022-now
#41
#61 all time
Works, 2022-now
85k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
58%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Orthodontics, Music.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Romania leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate and citations per work. North Macedonia leads on 3 of 9 measures: open access, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

North Macedonia 31 level5 Romania
  1. #119Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#41
  2. 0.53×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.10×
  3. 7.9kOutputfractional works, 2022-now85k
  4. 5.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited9.1%
  5. 7.4Citations per workall time, per fractional work7.8
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 63%Open accessof its works free to read, all time58%
  8. 38%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time17%
  9. +25%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+9%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

North Macedonia stands higher in 0 of 25 fields, Romania in 25. Romania leads most in Environmental Science (#43 against #116). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

North Macedonia 025 Romania
  1. #113Agricultural and Biological Sciences#53
  2. #75Arts and Humanities#49
  3. #95Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#48
  4. #79Business, Management and Accounting#55
  5. -Chemical Engineering#37
  6. -Chemistry#51
  7. #79Computer Science#55
  8. -Decision Sciences#48
  9. -Dentistry#33
  10. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#39
  11. #85Economics, Econometrics and Finance#55
  12. -Energy#51
  13. #85Engineering#53
  14. #116Environmental Science#43
  15. #97Health Professions#53
  16. -Immunology and Microbiology#44
  17. -Materials Science#47
  18. -Mathematics#41
  19. #141Medicine#55
  20. -Neuroscience#46
  21. -Nursing#46
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#34
  23. -Physics and Astronomy#42
  24. #90Psychology#51
  25. #103Social Sciences#61

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field North Macedonia rankRomania rank North Macedonia top 10%Romania top 10% North Macedonia worksRomania works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #113 #53 4.6% 11.6% 358 3.8k
Arts and Humanities #75 #49 7.3% 6.7% 369 4k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #95 #48 3.9% 12.2% 246 3k
Business, Management and Accounting #79 #55 7.3% 7.6% 472 3.7k
Chemical Engineering - #37 - 5.1% - 263
Chemistry - #51 - 8.7% - 1k
Computer Science #79 #55 5.6% 7.2% 689 6.1k
Decision Sciences - #48 - 9.3% - 1k
Dentistry - #33 - 14.8% - 1k
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #39 - 8.3% - 1.2k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #85 #55 6.3% 8.7% 489 3k
Energy - #51 - 6.5% - 862
Engineering #85 #53 4.9% 5.8% 865 13k
Environmental Science #116 #43 5.1% 8.9% 324 4.1k
Health Professions #97 #53 4.8% 11.9% 233 1.7k
Immunology and Microbiology - #44 - 13.1% - 608
Materials Science - #47 - 7.0% - 2.7k
Mathematics - #41 - 10.7% - 1.7k
Medicine #141 #55 3.3% 13.6% 1.3k 16k
Neuroscience - #46 - 11.2% - 961
Nursing - #46 - 16.8% - 398
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #34 - 16.6% - 276
Physics and Astronomy - #42 - 6.4% - 1.4k
Psychology #90 #51 7.5% 9.0% 245 2.7k
Social Sciences #103 #61 6.8% 6.9% 1.4k 10k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

North Macedonia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization362▲ 2.0×138 topics
  2. Machine Learning343◆ 1.13×91 topics
  3. Sustainability335▲ 1.50×113 topics
  4. Sustainable Development292▲ 2.0×87 topics
  5. Epidemiology282▼ 0.78×135 topics
  6. Deep Learning269▼ 0.86×78 topics
  7. Climate Change267◆ 1.08×117 topics
  8. Economic Growth244▲ 3.3×33 topics
  9. Renewable Energy207▲ 1.57×55 topics
  10. Artificial Intelligence206▲ 1.58×54 topics
  11. Innovation175▲ 1.86×68 topics
  12. Social Media171▲ 1.36×38 topics
  13. Human Rights160▲ 1.72×75 topics
  14. Identity149▲ 2.3×58 topics
  15. Healthcare146▲ 1.41×36 topics
  16. Big Data144▲ 1.65×31 topics
  17. Economic Development142▲ 1.95×46 topics
  18. Supply Chain Management135▲ 1.65×25 topics
  19. Energy Efficiency132▲ 1.57×41 topics
  20. Security124▲ 2.0×26 topics
  21. Social Capital123▲ 2.6×19 topics
  22. Financial Performance119▲ 2.3×16 topics
  23. Regional Development116▲ 3.7×20 topics
  24. Nationalism115▲ 2.8×29 topics
  25. Religion108▲ 2.6×32 topics
  26. Ethnicity106▲ 3.1×21 topics
  27. Environmental Management95▲ 2.5×17 topics
  28. Balkans88▲ 42×2 topics
  29. Conflict82▲ 5.5×11 topics
  30. European Union79▲ 3.9×23 topics
  31. Global Governance79▲ 3.6×22 topics
  32. Fiscal Policy76▲ 4.1×10 topics
  33. Small and Medium Enterprises72▲ 4.4×8 topics
  34. Innovation Management69▲ 4.9×10 topics
  35. Geopolitics68▲ 5.0×11 topics
  36. Eastern Europe64▲ 13×3 topics
  37. Post-war63▲ 59×1 topic
  38. Yugoslavia63▲ 59×1 topic
  39. Rural Tourism60▲ 21×3 topics
  40. Leadership Emergence59▲ 47×1 topic

Romania

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology3,763◆ 1.00×140 topics
  2. Sustainability3,280▲ 1.41×137 topics
  3. Machine Learning2,912◆ 0.92×97 topics
  4. Climate Change2,713◆ 1.05×129 topics
  5. Deep Learning2,665▼ 0.81×85 topics
  6. Globalization2,600▲ 1.39×176 topics
  7. Renewable Energy2,190▲ 1.60×60 topics
  8. Inflammation2,092◆ 1.04×83 topics
  9. Sustainable Development2,054▲ 1.38×109 topics
  10. Environmental Impact1,995▲ 1.23×73 topics
  11. Artificial Intelligence1,769▲ 1.31×67 topics
  12. Education1,636◆ 1.00×155 topics
  13. Oxidative Stress1,524◆ 0.98×63 topics
  14. Economic Growth1,476▲ 1.91×36 topics
  15. Innovation1,410▲ 1.44×88 topics
  16. Quality of Life1,338◆ 0.98×61 topics
  17. Neural Networks1,301◆ 0.89×42 topics
  18. Biomedical Applications1,283◆ 1.14×36 topics
  19. Energy Efficiency1,242▲ 1.42×45 topics
  20. Human Rights1,237▲ 1.27×90 topics
  21. COVID-191,236◆ 1.00×34 topics
  22. Social Media1,232◆ 0.94×41 topics
  23. Identity1,231▲ 1.79×78 topics
  24. Cardiovascular Disease1,225◆ 1.13×39 topics
  25. Treatment1,201◆ 1.04×52 topics
  26. Supply Chain Management1,200▲ 1.41×27 topics
  27. Mental Health1,199◆ 0.88×48 topics
  28. Big Data1,164▲ 1.28×37 topics
  29. Internet of Things1,149▲ 1.41×33 topics
  30. Mechanical Properties1,136▲ 1.22×39 topics
  31. Risk Factors1,082◆ 1.04×37 topics
  32. Environmental Management962▲ 2.5×23 topics
  33. Literature910▲ 1.75×62 topics
  34. Security909▲ 1.43×31 topics
  35. Ethics892▲ 1.86×60 topics
  36. Tissue Engineering846▲ 1.47×13 topics
  37. European Union631▲ 3.0×29 topics
  38. International Relations591▲ 2.6×29 topics
  39. Regional Disparities397▲ 8.9×2 topics
  40. Social Perception355▲ 8.9×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Romania has out-published North Macedonia every year since 1980.

still counting10k20k30kRomania23k in 2025North Macedonia2,303 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%0.60%Romania0.38% in 2025North Macedonia0.039% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Romania11.2% in 2025North Macedonia5.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

North Macedonia 05 level0 Romania
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, North Macedonia or Romania?

Romania publishes 10.7× as much research as North Macedonia in 2022-now (85k against 7.9k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, North Macedonia or Romania?

9.1% of Romania's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.5% for North Macedonia.

Is North Macedonia or Romania growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +25% against 2018-21 for North Macedonia, and +9% for Romania.

Which has more open access research, North Macedonia or Romania?

63% of North Macedonia's research is free to read, against 58% of Romania's.

Which has more world-class institutions, North Macedonia or Romania?

North Macedonia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Romania 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

North Macedonia

  1. 1MIT University9.5% top 10% · 1.5k works
  2. 2South East European University7.4% top 10% · 504 works
  3. 3Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts9.9% top 10% · 193 works
  4. 4Goce Delcev University2.8% top 10% · 684 works
  5. 5University "St. Kliment Ohridski" - Bitola5.2% top 10% · 505 works
  6. 6State University of Tetova4.9% top 10% · 350 works

Romania

  1. 1Ministry of Education19.4% top 10% · 712 works
  2. 2Bucharest University of Economic Studies8.5% top 10% · 3.5k works
  3. 3University of Oradea13.0% top 10% · 1.8k works
  4. 4West University of Timişoara9.2% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava8.1% top 10% · 1.7k works
  6. 6Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu11.1% top 10% · 1.8k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

North Macedonia

  1. 1 Kimet Jusufi #21,685 worldwide 6.4k citations · 174 works
  2. 2 Biljana Gjoneska #24,126 worldwide 3.9k citations · 166 works
  3. 3 Veland Ramadani #65,215 worldwide 6.8k citations · 361 works
  4. 4 Gadaf Rexhepi #213,078 worldwide 1.8k citations · 101 works
  5. 5 Sasko A. Kedev #225,524 worldwide 22k citations · 299 works

Romania

  1. 1 D. Felea #4,035 worldwide 23k citations · 200 works
  2. 2 Ovidiu Chioncel #4,732 worldwide 55k citations · 351 works
  3. 3 Robert Ancuceanu #6,028 worldwide 74k citations · 151 works
  4. 4 Ionuţ Negoi #7,120 worldwide 154k citations · 380 works
  5. 5 Bogdan Oancea #7,278 worldwide 85k citations · 215 works