Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
Hospital / health system · Jalandhar · India

Patel Hospital

In research, Patel Hospital stands highest in Physical Sciences (#6,279 of 10,670 worldwide), Medicine (#6,061 of 8,541 worldwide) and Health Sciences (#7,176 of 9,902 worldwide), 2022-now.

World rank, 2022-now
#8,430
of 22,385 · #15,658 all time
Rank in India
#485
of 1,562
Research works
1.1k
▼ 10% vs 2018-21
Citations
11k
10.1 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
4.6%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.83×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
46%
world 40%
International
19%
world 18%

What is Patel Hospital known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Physical SciencesDomain #6,279 of 10,670 3.6%111 #13302
MedicineField #6,061 of 8,541 4.7%71 #11039
Health SciencesDomain #7,176 of 9,902 4.6%83 #13102

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Patel Hospital sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which of those standings moved

The same fields on both windows: where it stood over the whole record, and where it stands in 2022-now. The distance is the story, and it is the one thing the two rank columns above cannot show.

  1. Physical Sciences#13,302 #6,279
  2. Medicine#11,039 #6,061
  3. Health Sciences#13,102 #7,176
all time2022-now, better2022-now, worse

A dot further right is a better standing. Fields it was not ranked in over the whole record are left out.

Which fields of science does Patel Hospital work in?

In 2022-now, 43% of research at Patel Hospital is in Physical Sciences, 31% in Health Sciences. Its largest fields are Medicine (27%), Engineering (18%), Computer Science (10%). It does 1.3× the world's share of Health Sciences.

Physical Sciences: 134 fractional works · 43.3% of its workEngineering: 57 fractional works · 18.3% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 22 fractional works · 7.1% of its workMechanical Engineering: 9 fractional works · 2.9% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 6 fractional works · 2.1% of its workBuilding and Construction: 4 fractional works · 1.2% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 4 fractional works · 1.2% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.8% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.8% of its workOcean Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMedia Technology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workComputational Mechanics: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMechanics of Materials: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workComputer Science: 31 fractional works · 10.0% of its workInformation Systems: 8 fractional works · 2.7% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 7 fractional works · 2.2% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 6 fractional works · 1.9% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 6 fractional works · 1.9% of its workComputer Science Applications: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSignal Processing: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEnvironmental Science: 16 fractional works · 5.2% of its workWater Science and Technology: 4 fractional works · 1.2% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 3 fractional works · 1.1% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 2 fractional works · 0.8% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workPollution: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEcology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMaterials Science: 14 fractional works · 4.4% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 9 fractional works · 3.0% of its workPolymers and Plastics: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workElectronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workChemistry: 8 fractional works · 2.7% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 7 fractional works · 2.2% of its workAnalytical Chemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEnergy: 3 fractional works · 0.8% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 3 fractional works · 0.8% of its workMathematics: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workAlgebra and Number Theory: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPaleontology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workChemical Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workHealth Sciences: 97 fractional works · 31.4% of its workMedicine: 83 fractional works · 26.8% of its workSurgery: 12 fractional works · 3.8% of its workEpidemiology: 8 fractional works · 2.6% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 6 fractional works · 1.9% of its workCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine: 6 fractional works · 1.9% of its workObstetrics and Gynecology: 5 fractional works · 1.7% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 4 fractional works · 1.4% of its workOncology: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 2 fractional works · 0.8% of its workEmergency Medicine: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workPathology and Forensic Medicine: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workInfectious Diseases: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workReproductive Medicine: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workRheumatology: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPsychiatry and Mental health: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workOphthalmology: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPharmacology: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workHematology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workOrthopedics and Sports Medicine: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workGenetics: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workCritical Care and Intensive Care Medicine: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeurology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPhysiology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workDermatology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workUrology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAnesthesiology and Pain Medicine: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGastroenterology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComplementary and alternative medicine: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHepatology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOtorhinolaryngology: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHealth Professions: 11 fractional works · 3.4% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 7 fractional works · 2.3% of its workEmergency Medical Services: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSpeech and Hearing: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNursing: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workNutrition and Dietetics: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDentistry: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPeriodontics: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workVeterinary: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workSocial Sciences: 55 fractional works · 17.6% of its workSocial Sciences: 29 fractional works · 9.3% of its workEducation: 9 fractional works · 3.0% of its workSociology and Political Science: 6 fractional works · 2.1% of its workSafety Research: 4 fractional works · 1.2% of its workHealth: 4 fractional works · 1.2% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 2 fractional works · 0.8% of its workDemography: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workLaw: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workTransportation: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPsychology: 9 fractional works · 2.9% of its workSocial Psychology: 3 fractional works · 1.0% of its workClinical Psychology: 3 fractional works · 0.9% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workArts and Humanities: 4 fractional works · 1.4% of its workPhilosophy: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workVisual Arts and Performing Arts: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workReligious studies: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 4 fractional works · 1.4% of its workMarketing: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workStrategy and Management: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workDecision Sciences: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 3 fractional works · 0.8% of its workInformation Systems and Management: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 3 fractional works · 1.0% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workLife Sciences: 24 fractional works · 7.7% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 13 fractional works · 4.3% of its workPlant Science: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workGeneral Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSoil Science: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAquatic Science: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workInsect Science: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workFood Science: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 6 fractional works · 1.9% of its workMolecular Biology: 3 fractional works · 1.1% of its workCancer Research: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNeuroscience: 3 fractional works · 0.8% of its workNeurology: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPharmaceutical Science: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workALL ITS WORKPatel Hospital310fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences8%Physical Sciences43%Health Sciences31%Social Sciences18%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
    1. Engineering5718.3%
    2. Computer Science3110.0%
    3. Environmental Science165.2%
    4. Materials Science144.4%
    5. Chemistry82.7%
    6. Energy30.8%
    7. Mathematics20.6%
    8. Earth and Planetary Sciences20.6%
    9. Physics and Astronomy10.5%
    10. Chemical Engineering00.1%
    1. Medicine8326.8%
    2. Health Professions113.4%
    3. Nursing20.7%
    4. Dentistry10.5%
    5. Veterinary00.0%
    1. Social Sciences299.3%
    2. Psychology92.9%
    3. Arts and Humanities41.4%
    4. Business, Management and Accounting41.4%
    5. Decision Sciences41.3%
    6. Economics, Econometrics and Finance41.3%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences134.3%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology61.9%
    3. Neuroscience30.8%
    4. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics20.5%
    5. Immunology and Microbiology10.2%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.90× its world share, 13 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.36× its world share, 6 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.19× its world share, 1 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.51× its world share, 3 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 1.39× its world share, 2 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.43× its world share, 0 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 1.74× its world share, 8 worksChemistryComputer Science: 1.29× its world share, 31 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.37× its world share, 2 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.88× its world share, 2 worksEnergyEngineering: 1.22× its world share, 57 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 1.04× its world share, 16 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 1.27× its world share, 14 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.53× its world share, 2 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.20× its world share, 1 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.94× its world share, 1 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 1.29× its world share, 10 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 1.39× its world share, 83 worksMedicineNursing: 1.50× its world share, 2 worksNursingVeterinary: 0.31× its world share, 0 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 0.50× its world share, 4 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.42× its world share, 4 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 1.34× its world share, 4 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.59× its world share, 4 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.96× its world share, 9 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.74× its world share, 29 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Chemistry, 1.7×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Chemistry1.74×8 works
  2. Nursing1.50×2 works
  3. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics1.39×2 works
  4. Medicine1.39×83 works
  5. Decision Sciences1.34×4 works
  6. Computer Science1.29×31 works
  7. Health Professions1.29×10 works
  8. Materials Science1.27×14 works
  9. Engineering1.22×57 works
  10. Environmental Science1.04×16 works
  11. Psychology0.96×9 works
  12. Dentistry0.94×1 works
  13. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.90×13 works
  14. Energy0.88×2 works
  15. Social Sciences0.74×29 works
  16. Economics, Econometrics and Finance0.59×4 works
  17. Mathematics0.53×2 works
  18. Neuroscience0.51×3 works
  19. Arts and Humanities0.50×4 works
  20. Chemical Engineering0.43×0 works
  21. Business, Management and Accounting0.42×4 works
  22. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.37×2 works
  23. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.36×6 works
  24. Veterinary0.31×0 works
  25. Physics and Astronomy0.20×1 works
  26. Immunology and Microbiology0.19×1 works

Who are the top researchers at Patel Hospital?

Ranked on the quality score, Nanabhau Santujee Kudnar, Darshak A. Desai and Biswajit Mohapatra lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Patel Hospital.

  1. 1 Nanabhau Santujee Kudnar India · #2,324,151 worldwide 342 citations · 26 works
  2. 2 Darshak A. Desai India · #2,782,517 worldwide 1k citations · 44 works
  3. 3 Biswajit Mohapatra India · #3,505,420 worldwide 362 citations · 69 works
  4. 4 Vijay Hiralal Makwana India · #4,025,653 worldwide 453 citations · 57 works
  5. 5 Prashant Tukaram Mahajan India · #4,158,732 worldwide 126 citations · 60 works
  6. 6 Alia Bano India · #4,158,852 worldwide 1.5k citations · 16 works
  7. 7 Anubha Bharthuar India · #4,196,506 worldwide 331 citations · 26 works
  8. 8 Shamit Chopra India · #4,217,190 worldwide 294 citations · 23 works
  9. 9 Harshil M. Patel India · #4,992,930 worldwide 419 citations · 32 works
  10. 10 Purvesh J. Shah India · #5,318,536 worldwide 32 citations · 17 works
All ranked researchers at Patel Hospital

What are the most cited papers from Patel Hospital?

The most cited paper from Patel Hospital is "Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association" (Chiadi E. Ndumele et al., 2023), with 2,052 citations. Next come "PRISM III" (1,778) and "A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association" (1,321).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association Chiadi E. Ndumele et al. · Circulation Open access 9 Oct 2023 2,052
2 PRISM III Murray M. Pollack, Kantilal M. Patel, Urs E. Ruttimann · Critical Care Medicine May 1996 1,778
3 A Synopsis of the Evidence for the Science and Clinical Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Chiadi E. Ndumele et al. · Circulation Open access 9 Oct 2023 1,321
4 Added Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Miriam B. Vos, Jill Landsbaugh Kaar, Jean A. Welsh et al. · Circulation Open access 22 Aug 2016 580
5 Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in South Asians in the United States: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatments: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Annabelle Santos Volgman, Latha S. Palaniappan, Neelum T. Aggarwal et al. · Circulation Open access 24 May 2018 562
All 60 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Patel Hospital?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Lifelong Learning, Nanocrystals, Photovoltaics, Epidemiology, Sustainable Development and Efficiency.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning23▲ 2.1×41 topics
  2. Machine Learning19▲ 1.81×37 topics
  3. Epidemiology14◆ 1.15×55 topics
  4. Sustainable Development10▲ 2.0×13 topics
  5. Climate Change10◆ 1.14×20 topics
  6. Globalization10▲ 1.57×11 topics
  7. Nanoparticles7▲ 1.89×19 topics
  8. Renewable Energy7▲ 1.63×15 topics
  9. Treatment7▲ 1.91×17 topics
  10. Lifelong Learning6▲ 10×6 topics
  11. Higher Education6▲ 3.7×4 topics
  12. Nanocrystals6▲ 7.5×5 topics
  13. Photovoltaics6▲ 11×2 topics
  14. Efficiency5▲ 5.7×4 topics
  15. Semiconductor5▲ 4.9×2 topics
  16. IoT Security5▲ 4.9×3 topics
  17. Solar Cell Efficiency4▲ 14×2 topics
  18. CZTS4▲ 25×1 topic
  19. Risk Perception4▲ 5.1×3 topics
  20. Social Impact4▲ 3.4×4 topics
  21. Thin-Film Solar Cells4▲ 25×1 topic
  22. Feature Extraction4▲ 2.9×7 topics
  23. Cybersecurity4▲ 5.2×3 topics
  24. Education Reform4▲ 53×1 topic
  25. Knowledge Economy4▲ 12×1 topic
  26. Anomaly Detection4▲ 4.4×3 topics
  27. Synthesis4▲ 3.3×7 topics
  28. Texture Analysis4▲ 5.2×3 topics
  29. Medical Image Analysis3▲ 6.0×4 topics
  30. Smart Grid Applications3▲ 7.9×2 topics
  31. Image Segmentation3▲ 8.1×2 topics
  32. Distributed Generation3▲ 12×3 topics
  33. Poverty Reduction3▲ 7.4×2 topics
  34. India3▲ 13×2 topics
  35. economic burden3▲ 25×1 topic
  36. GIS3▲ 12×2 topics
  37. Global Access3▲ 10×2 topics
  38. COVID-19 Vaccine3▲ 12×1 topic
  39. Vaccine Hesitancy3▲ 13×1 topic
  40. Heterocyclic Compounds2▲ 9.8×3 topics

Which research topics does Patel Hospital publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films, Global Education Systems and Policies, Diverse Scientific Research Studies and Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy.

  1. 1 Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films Electrical and Electronic Engineering 4 works
  2. 2 Global Education Systems and Policies Education 4 works
  3. 3 Diverse Scientific Research Studies General Health Professions 3 works
  4. 4 Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy Health 3 works
  5. 5 Power System Optimization and Stability Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2 works
  6. 6 Synthesis and Characterization of Heterocyclic Compounds Organic Chemistry 2 works
  7. 7 Groundwater and Watershed Analysis Environmental Engineering 2 works
  8. 8 Network Security and Intrusion Detection Computer Networks and Communications 2 works
  9. 9 Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare Safety Research 2 works
  10. 10 IoT and Edge/Fog Computing Computer Networks and Communications 2 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available46.5%not open53.5%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors18.8%domestic only81.2%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Patel Hospital's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 10% lower than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Patel Hospital as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0011% in 2024.

still counting0.0010%0.0020%Patel Hospital0.0011% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Patel Hospital over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting5%10%15%all institutions10.0% in 2025Patel Hospital5.1% in 202520102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 11.9% in 2012.

Other research institutions in Jalandhar

All research institutions in Jalandhar

Share Patel Hospital's ranking

Patel Hospital on Science Explorer

A card with Patel Hospital's standing and the fields it leads in, for a post or a slide. A link to this page previews as the same card.

Download the card

1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

Badges for a website1Each links back here and updates with every snapshot

Research measures only: rankings here say nothing about teaching, admissions or student experience. Comparable institutions and collaboration partners have tabs of their own, above.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Patel Hospital. Posts are plain text and can be reported.