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Subfield · Medicine

Immunology and Allergy research

Immunology and Allergy is a subfield of Medicine. Science Explorer counts 140k research works in it since 1950. 18.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: branch of medicine studying the immune system.

Research works
140k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
25k
per year above
Top-10% rate
18.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
3
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
+4%
the tick is no change

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

What is Immunology and Allergy research about, and what is growing?

By the world's output in 2019–23, its most used keywords are Epidemiology, Allergen-specific Immunotherapy, Asthma, Cell Adhesion, Integrins, Anaphylaxis. Gaining share since 2009–13: Anaphylaxis, Food Allergy, Epidemiology, Allergen-specific Immunotherapy, Asthma. Losing share: Cell Adhesion, Integrins.

▲ gaining share of this field◆ holding its share▼ losing share

Size is the world's fractional works in 2019–23 in the topics tagged with each word; colour compares the word's share of this field with 2009–13. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 7 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology15k▲ 1.20×2 topics
  2. Allergen-specific Immunotherapy8,760▲ 1.18×1 topic
  3. Asthma8,760▲ 1.18×1 topic
  4. Cell Adhesion6,975▼ 0.73×1 topic
  5. Integrins6,975▼ 0.73×1 topic
  6. Anaphylaxis6,209▲ 1.24×1 topic
  7. Food Allergy6,209▲ 1.24×1 topic

Which countries lead Immunology and Allergy research?

On research quality in 2022–2025, the United States, China and the United Kingdom rank highest in Immunology and Allergy. By volume, the United States and China publish the most (3.6k and 2.8k works in 2022–2025).

By research quality, 2022–2025

  1. 1 United States · #1 all time 19.1% top 10% · 3.6k works
  2. 2 China · #4 all time 23.6% top 10% · 2.8k works
  3. 3 United Kingdom · #2 all time 23.1% top 10% · 602 works
  4. 4 Italy · #7 all time 27.3% top 10% · 653 works
  5. 5 Germany · #3 all time 18.3% top 10% · 834 works
  6. 6 Japan · #6 all time 13.5% top 10% · 932 works
  7. 7 Canada · #8 all time 20.1% top 10% · 389 works
  8. 8 France · #5 all time 12.4% top 10% · 693 works
  9. 9 Spain · #12 all time 18.0% top 10% · 553 works
  10. 10 Australia · #11 all time 23.7% top 10% · 272 works

The track on each row is that row’s top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the composite score, which the rate is only one part of.

Of 17 countries ranked in Immunology and Allergy. Composite of field-normalised excellence (50%), output (30%) and citations (20%); the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in Immunology and Allergy

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 United States 3.6k works
  2. 2 China 2.8k works
  3. 3 Japan 932 works
  4. 4 Germany 834 works
  5. 5 France 693 works
  6. 6 Italy 653 works
  7. 7 United Kingdom 602 works
  8. 8 India 584 works
  9. 9 Spain 553 works
  10. 10 South Korea 441 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 31.0%China: 23.9%Japan: 8.0%Germany: 7.1%6 others listed: 30.1%31%largest
United States3,628 · 31.0%China2,795 · 23.9%Japan932 · 8.0%Germany834 · 7.1%6 others listed3,527 · 30.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Immunology and Allergy research?

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (United States) ranks first in Immunology and Allergy on research quality in 2022–2025, followed by .

By research quality, 2022–2025

  1. 1 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill United States · Chapel Hill · #6 all time 16.8% top 10% · 90 works

The track on each row is that row’s top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the composite score, which the rate is only one part of.

Of 1 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in Immunology and Allergy.

Top 100 Immunology and Allergy institutions

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 90 works
  2. 2 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiUnited States 56 works
  3. 3 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 56 works
  4. 4 Northwestern UniversityUnited States 55 works
  5. 5 Harvard UniversityUnited States 54 works
  6. 6 InsermFrance 51 works
  7. 7 University of MichiganUnited States 48 works
  8. 8 Medical University of ViennaAustria 46 works
  9. 9 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 43 works
  10. 10 Stanford UniversityUnited States 39 works

Who are the leading researchers in Immunology and Allergy?

Among the most productive authors in Immunology and Allergy, Aziz Sheikh, Giuseppe Remuzzi and Holger J. Schünemann rank highest on the composite score.

  1. 1 Aziz Sheikh United Kingdom · #17 worldwide 5.8k citations · 274 works
  2. 2 Giuseppe Remuzzi Italy · #34 worldwide 8.1k citations · 312 works
  3. 3 Holger J. Schünemann Canada · #160 worldwide 3.9k citations · 122 works
  4. 4 Peter W.F. Wilson United States · #552 worldwide 2.7k citations · 164 works
  5. 5 Guy B. Marks Australia · #819 worldwide 2.1k citations · 113 works
  6. 6 Peter Libby United States · #894 worldwide 2.9k citations · 193 works
  7. 7 Sally E. Wenzel United States · #955 worldwide 1.6k citations · 115 works
  8. 8 Zena Werb United States · #1,172 worldwide 3.3k citations · 93 works
  9. 9 Hywel C Williams United Kingdom · #1,208 worldwide 1.9k citations · 173 works
  10. 10 Alberto Mantovani Italy · #1,414 worldwide 3.6k citations · 299 works

Re-ranked on the composite score from the 4,154 highest-output authors in Immunology and Allergy. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 Immunology and Allergy researchers

Where is Immunology and Allergy research done?

The largest centres of Immunology and Allergy research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Tokyo (Japan), Paris (France) and London (United Kingdom). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Zama.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Beijing China 420 works
  2. 2 Tokyo Japan 263 works
  3. 3 Paris France 234 works
  4. 4 London United Kingdom 220 works
  5. 5 Seoul South Korea 213 works
  6. 6 Shanghai China 202 works
  7. 7 Guangzhou China 199 works
  8. 8 Moscow Russia 190 works
  9. 9 New York United States 183 works
  10. 10 Madrid Spain 176 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. ZamaJP · 26.3 works134×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Immunology and Allergy than the world average.

See Immunology and Allergy on the map

Immunology and Allergy research by country

The best places for Immunology and Allergy research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study Immunology and Allergy?

Among universities, judged by research, Humanitas University, Medical University of Vienna and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%60%mean 34.85%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →Humanitas University: 14, 38.4%Medical University of Vienna: 46, 26.0%Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai: 56, 34.8%Wroclaw Medical University: 25, 23.6%Dalian Polytechnic University: 14, 54.7%Northwestern University: 55, 29.6%Nanchang University: 36, 38.5%University of Colorado Denver: 32, 33.1%New York Medical College: 9, 38.6%Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin: 16, 31.2%Humanitas UniversityIcahn School of Medi…Medical University o…Wroclaw Medical Univ…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1 Humanitas UniversityItaly 61.838.4%11.0×14 —
2 Medical University of ViennaAustria 60.626.0%9.5×46 -3.9%
3 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiUnited States 59.034.8%7.2×56 +6.3%
4 Wroclaw Medical UniversityPoland 57.423.6%10.4×25 +88.3%
5 Dalian Polytechnic UniversityChina 53.454.7%5.0×14 —
6 Northwestern UniversityUnited States 51.829.6%5.1×55 +25.2%
7 Nanchang UniversityChina 50.638.5%4.6×36 +35.8%
8 University of Colorado DenverUnited States 50.033.1%6.2×32 +5.9%
9 New York Medical CollegeUnited States 49.238.6%7.7×9 +48.0%
10 Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinGermany 48.831.2%2.8×16 +239.5%

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is Immunology and Allergy research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 4% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2009. The fastest-growing topics are Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research and Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

  1. Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research+54%
  2. Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization+32%
  3. Cell Adhesion Molecules Research-10%
← shrinkingno changegrowing →

Growth in output from 2005–09 to 2015–19. Every topic is a page of its own.

What does Immunology and Allergy include?