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Emotional Labor in Professions

Emotional Labor in Professions is a research topic within Sociology and Political Science. Science Explorer counts 7.7k research works in it since 1950. 10.4% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the concept of emotional labor in various workplace environments, focusing on emotional regulation, stress, and burnout in service encounters. It delves into the impact of gender differences, display rules, and job satisfaction, with a particular emphasis on call centers and customer service. The research also examines the role of aesthetic labor and its effects on employees' emotional well-being.

  • Emotional Regulation
  • Workplace Stress
  • Service Encounters
  • Gender Differences
  • Burnout
  • Customer Service
  • Job Satisfaction
  • Display Rules
  • Call Centers
  • Aesthetic Labor
Research works
7.7k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
804
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.4%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+28%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
26% of the 10 largest, 2022-now

Which countries lead Emotional Labor in Professions research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (439 and 292 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 439 works
  2. 2 China 292 works
  3. 3 Türkiye 206 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 204 works
  5. 5 India 122 works
  6. 6 Australia 105 works
  7. 7 Germany 95 works
  8. 8 Canada 88 works
  9. 9 South Korea 62 works
  10. 10 France 58 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 26.3%China: 17.5%Türkiye: 12.4%United Kingdom: 12.2%6 others listed: 31.7%26%largest
United States439 · 26.3%China292 · 17.5%Türkiye206 · 12.4%United Kingdom204 · 12.2%6 others listed530 · 31.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Emotional Labor in Professions research?

By volume in 2022-now, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most Emotional Labor in Professions research, followed by University of Toronto and The University of Sydney.

Who are the leading researchers in Emotional Labor in Professions?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Emotional Labor in Professions include Norito Kawakami, Arnold B. Bakker and James Jonathan Gross.

  1. 1 Norito Kawakami Japan 202k citations
  2. 2 Arnold B. Bakker Netherlands 189k citations
  3. 3 James Jonathan Gross United States 163k citations
  4. 4 Wilmar B. Schaufeli Netherlands 158k citations
  5. 5 Richard P. Bagozzi United States 148k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Emotional Labor in Professions?

The most cited paper in Emotional Labor in Professions is "PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PERSONAL ENGAGEMENT AND DISENGAGEMENT AT WORK." (William A. Kahn, 1990), with 9,224 citations. Next come "Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences" (6,887) and "The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work" (3,469).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PERSONAL ENGAGEMENT AND DISENGAGEMENT AT WORK. William A. Kahn · Academy of Management Journal Dec 1990 9,224
2 Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences John P. Meyer, David John Stanley, Lynne Herscovitch et al. · Journal of Vocational Behavior Review Aug 2002 6,887
3 The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work Douglas R. May, Richard L. Gilson, Lynn M. Harter · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology Mar 2004 3,469
4 Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Alicia A. Grandey · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2000 3,249
5 The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude Chi‐Sum Wong, Kenneth S. Law · The Leadership Quarterly Jun 2002 3,240
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Emotional Labor in Professions research done?

The largest centres of Emotional Labor in Professions research in 2022-now are Istanbul (Türkiye), Beijing (China), London (United Kingdom) and Seoul (South Korea). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Istanbul.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 IstanbulTürkiye 42 works
  2. 2 BeijingChina 41 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 38 works
  4. 4 SeoulSouth Korea 29 works
  5. 5 AnkaraTürkiye 25 works
  6. 6 GuangzhouChina 21 works
  7. 7 ShanghaiChina 20 works
  8. 8 MelbourneAustralia 20 works
  9. 9 SydneyAustralia 19 works
  10. 10 BrisbaneAustralia 18 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. IstanbulTR · 42.5 works3.8×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Emotional Labor in Professions than the world average.

See Emotional Labor in Professions on the map

Where is the best place to study Emotional Labor in Professions?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Toronto and The University of Sydney score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of TorontoCanada 85.611.1%2.0×9 +2.5%
2The University of SydneyAustralia 20.012.2%3.2×8 +69.7%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Emotional Labor in Professions, country by country

Is Emotional Labor in Professions research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 28% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2026. The fastest-growing topics are Emotional Labor in Professions.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Emotional Labor in Professions as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0065% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%0.015%Emotional Labor in Professions0.011% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Emotional Labor in Professions over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Emotional Labor in Professions10.5% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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