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Freezing and Crystallization Processes

Freezing and Crystallization Processes is a research topic within Mechanics of Materials. Science Explorer counts 15k research works in it since 1950. 12.3% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the application of freeze desalination and concentration techniques, including progressive freeze-concentration, eutectic freeze crystallization, and membrane distillation, for water treatment, wastewater management, and food processing. The use of LNG cold energy and scraped surface heat exchangers is explored to enhance the efficiency of these processes.

  • Freeze Desalination
  • Concentration
  • Wastewater Treatment
  • Ice Morphology
  • Cryoconcentration Technology
  • Membrane Distillation
  • LNG Cold Energy
  • Progressive Freeze-Concentration
  • Eutectic Freeze Crystallization
  • Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger
Research works
15k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.9k
per year above
Top-10% rate
12.3%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
+18%
the tick is no change

Which countries lead Freezing and Crystallization Processes research?

By volume, China and Russia publish the most (535 and 232 works in 2022–2025).

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 China 535 works
  2. 2 Russia 232 works
  3. 3 India 192 works
  4. 4 United States 173 works
  5. 5 Indonesia 98 works
  6. 6 Ukraine 86 works
  7. 7 Japan 76 works
  8. 8 Türkiye 76 works
  9. 9 Brazil 65 works
  10. 10 Poland 53 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 33.7%Russia: 14.7%India: 12.1%United States: 10.9%6 others listed: 28.6%34%largest
China535 · 33.7%Russia232 · 14.7%India192 · 12.1%United States173 · 10.9%6 others listed454 · 28.6%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Freezing and Crystallization Processes research?

By volume in 2022–2025, Jiangnan University publishes the most Freezing and Crystallization Processes research, followed by Kemerovo State University and Warsaw University of Life Sciences.

Who are the leading researchers in Freezing and Crystallization Processes?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Freezing and Crystallization Processes include Da‐Wen Sun, Min Zhang and J. A. Teixeira.

  1. 1 Da‐Wen Sun Ireland 2.4k citations
  2. 2 Min Zhang China 1.8k citations
  3. 3 J. A. Teixeira Portugal 1.8k citations
  4. 4 Bhesh Bhandari Australia 1.7k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

Where is Freezing and Crystallization Processes research done?

The largest centres of Freezing and Crystallization Processes research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Moscow (Russia), Kyiv (Ukraine) and Shanghai (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Wuxi.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Beijing China 76 works
  2. 2 Moscow Russia 75 works
  3. 3 Kyiv Ukraine 33 works
  4. 4 Shanghai China 32 works
  5. 5 Wuxi China 24 works
  6. 6 Tianjin China 22 works
  7. 7 Tokyo Japan 21 works
  8. 8 Harbin China 20 works
  9. 9 Nanjing China 20 works
  10. 10 Warsaw Poland 18 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. WuxiCN · 24.2 works11×
← less than its size predictsmore →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Freezing and Crystallization Processes than the world average.

See Freezing and Crystallization Processes on the map

Where is the best place to study Freezing and Crystallization Processes?

Among universities, judged by research, Jiangnan University, Warsaw University of Life Sciences and Khalifa University of Science and Technology score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%60%mean 25.3571%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →Jiangnan University: 13, 43.6%Warsaw University of Life Sciences: 12, 33.0%Khalifa University of Science and Technology: 11, 16.5%Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies: 10, 3.3%Kemerovo State University: 12, 0.0%Jiangsu University: 10, 48.7%McGill University: 9, 32.4%Jiangnan UniversityWarsaw University of…Khalifa University o…Voronezh State Unive…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1 Jiangnan UniversityChina 70.143.6%9.3×13 -51.1%
2 Warsaw University of Life SciencesPoland 62.433.0%29.9×12 -54.9%
3 Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyUnited Arab Emirates 58.616.5%18.2×11
4 Voronezh State University of Engineering TechnologiesRussia 50.93.3%151.1×10 +338.2%
5 Kemerovo State UniversityRussia 46.00.0%60.7×12
6 Jiangsu UniversityChina 37.748.7%5.5×10 -57.7%
7 McGill UniversityCanada 29.732.4%5.3×9 +1.2%

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is Freezing and Crystallization Processes research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 18% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2024. The fastest-growing topics are Freezing and Crystallization Processes.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.