Science Explorer Interactive view Map
Topic · Astronomy and Astrophysics

Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena

Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena is a research topic within Astronomy and Astrophysics. Science Explorer counts 49k research works in it since 1956. 36.6% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the formation and evolution of galaxies, including topics such as stellar populations, black holes, dark matter, cosmic evolution, quasars, and the extensive use of data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. It also includes discussions on astrophysical simulations to understand various aspects of galaxy formation.

  • Galaxies
  • Cosmology
  • Black Holes
  • Stellar Populations
  • Star Formation
  • Dark Matter
  • Cosmic Evolution
  • Quasars
  • Sloan Digital Sky Survey
  • Astrophysical Simulations
Research works
49k
fractional, since 1956
In the world top 10%
18k
per year above
Top-10% rate
36.6%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
-2%
the tick is no change

Which countries lead Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.3k and 529 works in 2022–2025).

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 United States 1.3k works
  2. 2 China 529 works
  3. 3 United Kingdom 409 works
  4. 4 France 408 works
  5. 5 Italy 361 works
  6. 6 India 350 works
  7. 7 Germany 302 works
  8. 8 Japan 254 works
  9. 9 Spain 234 works
  10. 10 Australia 188 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 29.5%China: 12.3%United Kingdom: 9.5%France: 9.5%6 others listed: 39.2%30%largest
United States1,272 · 29.5%China529 · 12.3%United Kingdom409 · 9.5%France408 · 9.5%6 others listed1,689 · 39.2%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena research?

By volume in 2022–2025, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena research, followed by University of Cambridge and The University of Tokyo.

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 67 works
  2. 2 University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 50 works
  3. 3 The University of TokyoJapan 45 works
  4. 4 Center for Astrophysics Harvard & SmithsonianUnited States 45 works
  5. 5 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 42 works
  6. 6 University of ArizonaUnited States 41 works
  7. 7 Leiden UniversityNetherlands 41 works
  8. 8 Max Planck Institute for AstrophysicsGermany 40 works
  9. 9 Durham UniversityUnited Kingdom 36 works
  10. 10 University of Science and Technology of ChinaChina 35 works

Who are the leading researchers in Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena include E. L. Wright, Licia Verde and David N. Spergel.

  1. 1 E. L. Wright United States 9.3k citations
  2. 2 Licia Verde Spain 8.2k citations
  3. 3 David N. Spergel United States 7.9k citations
  4. 4 S. Henrot–Versillé France 7.5k citations
  5. 5 C. L. Bennett United States 7.4k citations
  6. 6 S. S. Meyer United States 7.4k citations
  7. 7 C. Leroy Israel 7.3k citations
  8. 8 Edward J. Wollack United States 7.2k citations
  9. 9 G. Hinshaw United States 7.1k citations
  10. 10 M. Halpern Canada 7k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

Where is Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena research done?

The largest centres of Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Paris (France), Garching (Germany) and Tokyo (Japan). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Nizhniy Arkhyz, Mitaka-shi and Garching.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Beijing China 208 works
  2. 2 Paris France 196 works
  3. 3 Garching Germany 90 works
  4. 4 Tokyo Japan 80 works
  5. 5 Cambridge United States 79 works
  6. 6 Rome Italy 66 works
  7. 7 Heidelberg Germany 63 works
  8. 8 Baltimore United States 62 works
  9. 9 Shanghai China 61 works
  10. 10 New York United States 61 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. Nizhniy ArkhyzRU · 22.4 works238×
  2. Mitaka-shiJP · 26.1 works210×
  3. GarchingDE · 90.2 works156×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena than the world average.

See Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena on the map

Where is the best place to study Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena?

Among universities, judged by research, Leiden University, Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian and Scuola Normale Superiore score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%25%50%75%mean 44.99%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →Leiden University: 41, 38.4%Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian: 45, 43.6%Scuola Normale Superiore: 13, 60.4%Sorbonne Université: 25, 45.7%University of Cambridge: 50, 42.5%University of Arizona: 41, 41.6%Durham University: 36, 38.7%Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté: 15, 42.9%University of California, Riverside: 16, 49.4%Princeton University: 34, 46.7%Scuola Normale Super…Sorbonne UniversitéCenter for Astrophys…Leiden University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1 Leiden UniversityNetherlands 64.838.4%21.6×41 +36.2%
2 Center for Astrophysics Harvard & SmithsonianUnited States 64.243.6%106.1×45 +2.1%
3 Scuola Normale SuperioreItaly 63.760.4%38.2×13 +80.5%
4 Sorbonne UniversitéFrance 63.045.7%8.9×25 +77.4%
5 University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 62.642.5%8.2×50 +19.9%
6 University of ArizonaUnited States 62.341.6%11.4×41 +10.9%
7 Durham UniversityUnited Kingdom 62.338.7%17.9×36 +22.4%
8 Université Bourgogne Franche-ComtéFrance 62.042.9%26.6×15 +21.8%
9 University of California, RiversideUnited States 61.749.4%9.5×16 +123.6%
10 Princeton UniversityUnited States 61.546.7%13.8×34 -16.3%

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 2% lower than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2016. The fastest-growing topics are Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.