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Topic · Social Psychology

Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation

Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation is a research topic within Social Psychology. Science Explorer counts 11k research works in it since 1950. 10.3% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the concept of grit, focusing on perseverance and passion for long-term goals. It investigates the impact of grit on various aspects such as academic achievement, well-being, resilience, and work engagement. The papers also delve into the development, measurement, and validation of grit in different contexts, including education and professional settings.

  • Perseverance
  • Passion
  • Self-Control
  • Academic Achievement
  • Resilience
  • Well-Being
  • Education
  • Psychological Strengths
  • Adolescent Development
  • Work Engagement
Research works
11k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.1k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.3%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+119%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
27% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation

Which countries lead Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (986 and 869 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 986 works
  2. 2 China 869 works
  3. 3 Indonesia 558 works
  4. 4 India 222 works
  5. 5 Türkiye 216 works
  6. 6 Philippines 199 works
  7. 7 South Korea 164 works
  8. 8 Iran 160 works
  9. 9 Malaysia 148 works
  10. 10 Pakistan 124 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 27.0%China: 23.8%Indonesia: 15.3%India: 6.1%6 others listed: 27.7%27%largest
United States986 · 27.0%China869 · 23.8%Indonesia558 · 15.3%India222 · 6.1%6 others listed1,011 · 27.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation research?

By volume in 2022-now, Islamic Azad University, Tehran publishes the most Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation research, followed by Beijing Normal University and Yogyakarta State University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Islamic Azad University, TehranIran 58 works
  2. 2 Beijing Normal UniversityChina 31 works
  3. 3 Yogyakarta State UniversityIndonesia 23 works
  4. 4 Education University of Hong KongChina 20 works
  5. 5 State University of MalangIndonesia 19 works
  6. 6 Indonesia University of EducationIndonesia 19 works
  7. 7 University of IndonesiaIndonesia 17 works
  8. 8 Chinese University of Hong KongChina 16 works
  9. 9 East China Normal UniversityChina 16 works
  10. 10 Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 16 works

Who are the leading researchers in Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation include Richard M. Ryan, Norito Kawakami and Arnold B. Bakker.

  1. 1 Richard M. Ryan United States 395k citations
  2. 2 Norito Kawakami Japan 202k citations
  3. 3 Arnold B. Bakker Netherlands 189k citations
  4. 4 Dorret Irene Boomsma Netherlands 186k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation?

The most cited paper in Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation is "Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals." (Angela Lee Duckworth, Christopher Peterson, Michael D. Matthews et al., 2007), with 6,956 citations. Next come "The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back" (6,494) and "The Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions: Assumptions, Corollaries, and Implications for Educational Research and Practice" (5,542).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Angela Lee Duckworth, Christopher Peterson, Michael D. Matthews et al. · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2007 6,956
2 The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back Bruce W. Smith, Jeanne Dalen, Kathryn T. Wiggins et al. · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 8 Aug 2008 6,494
3 The Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions: Assumptions, Corollaries, and Implications for Educational Research and Practice Reinhard H. Pekrun · Educational Psychology Review 4 Nov 2006 5,542
4 Academic Emotions in Students' Self-Regulated Learning and Achievement: A Program of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Reinhard H. Pekrun, Thomas Goetz, Wolfram Titz et al. · Educational Psychologist Open access 2002 3,938
5 Psychological correlates of university students' academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Michelle Richardson, Charles Abraham, Rod A. Bond · Psychological Bulletin ReviewOpen access 2012 3,644
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation research done?

The largest centres of Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Jakarta (Indonesia), Seoul (South Korea) and Yogyakarta (Indonesia). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Manila.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 108 works
  2. 2 JakartaIndonesia 76 works
  3. 3 SeoulSouth Korea 70 works
  4. 4 YogyakartaIndonesia 63 works
  5. 5 ShanghaiChina 55 works
  6. 6 SurabayaIndonesia 52 works
  7. 7 TehranIran 46 works
  8. 8 ManilaPhilippines 45 works
  9. 9 BandungIndonesia 44 works
  10. 10 Kuala LumpurMalaysia 43 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. ManilaPH · 44.6 works12×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation than the world average.

See Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation on the map

Where is the best place to study Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Macau, Education University of Hong Kong and University of Auckland score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%60%mean 24.53%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of AucklandUniversity of MacauEducation University…Beijing Normal Unive…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of MacauChina 65.132.3%9.3×13 +200.7%
2Education University of Hong KongChina 62.124.8%30.8×20 +110.5%
3University of AucklandNew Zealand 60.551.0%3.4×8 +283.1%
4Beijing Normal UniversityChina 58.418.2%8.7×31 +125.0%
5University of Hong KongChina 55.826.1%3.5×15 +187.4%
6Chinese University of Hong KongChina 53.520.8%5.0×16 +228.0%
7Islamic Azad University, TehranIran 53.43.4%7.9×58 +60.4%
8Nanjing Normal UniversityChina 49.027.4%8.0×13 +353.8%
9Shaanxi Normal UniversityChina 44.532.6%6.6×8 +141.2%
10Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 43.58.7%4.4×16 +144.0%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation, country by country

Is Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 119% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.025% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation0.026% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation10.6% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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