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Topic · Aerospace Engineering

Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies

Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies is a research topic within Aerospace Engineering. Science Explorer counts 41k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the cryogenic storage and management of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and other cryogenic fluids. It covers topics such as minimizing boil-off losses, thermal stratification phenomenon, self-pressurization, multilayer insulation systems, capillary flow, and thermodynamic modeling for efficient fluid management.

  • Cryogenic Storage
  • Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
  • Boil-Off Losses
  • Thermal Stratification
  • Propellant Tank
  • Multilayer Insulation
  • Self-Pressurization
  • Fluid Management
  • Capillary Flow
  • Thermodynamic Modeling
Research works
41k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
4.1k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+36%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
41% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies

Which countries lead Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (2k and 1.1k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 2k works
  2. 2 United States 1.1k works
  3. 3 India 345 works
  4. 4 Germany 260 works
  5. 5 Russia 236 works
  6. 6 Italy 227 works
  7. 7 South Korea 221 works
  8. 8 Japan 206 works
  9. 9 United Kingdom 197 works
  10. 10 France 184 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 40.8%United States: 21.4%India: 7.0%Germany: 5.2%6 others listed: 25.6%41%largest
China2,022 · 40.8%United States1,059 · 21.4%India345 · 7.0%Germany260 · 5.2%6 others listed1,271 · 25.6%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies research, followed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Xi'an Jiaotong University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 179 works
  2. 2 National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationUnited States 96 works
  3. 3 Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 83 works
  4. 4 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 64 works
  5. 5 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 62 works
  6. 6 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 58 works
  7. 7 Helmholtz Association of German Research CentresGermany 52 works
  8. 8 University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 47 works
  9. 9 China Aerospace Science and Technology CorporationChina 46 works
  10. 10 Dalian University of TechnologyChina 46 works

Who are the leading researchers in Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies include M. Shoji, Xiaogang Wang and Kenji Watanabe.

  1. 1 M. Shoji Japan 806k citations
  2. 2 Xiaogang Wang China 260k citations
  3. 3 Kenji Watanabe Japan 237k citations
  4. 4 P. Jackson France 230k citations
  5. 5 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  6. 6 Lei Jiang China 214k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies?

The most cited paper in Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies is "The Spitzer Space Telescope Mission" (M. W. Werner et al., 2004), with 2,911 citations. Next come "Materials for hydrogen storage" (2,198) and "4th Generation District Heating (4GDH)" (2,191).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Spitzer Space Telescope Mission M. W. Werner et al. · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series Open access Sep 2004 2,911
2 Materials for hydrogen storage Andreas Züttel · Materials Today Open access Sep 2003 2,198
3 4th Generation District Heating (4GDH) Henrik Lund, S. Werner, Robin Wiltshire et al. · Energy 31 Mar 2014 2,191
4 Review of natural gas hydrates as an energy resource: Prospects and challenges Zheng Rong Chong, She Hern Bryan Yang, Ponnivalavan Babu et al. · Applied Energy 4 Feb 2015 1,924
5 A Process for Capturing CO2 from the Atmosphere David W. Keith, Geoffrey Holmes, David St. Angelo et al. · Joule Open access 7 Jun 2018 1,877
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies research done?

The largest centres of Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Xi'an (China) and Nanjing (China).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 555 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 178 works
  3. 3 Xi'anChina 129 works
  4. 4 NanjingChina 94 works
  5. 5 TokyoJapan 92 works
  6. 6 MoscowRussia 88 works
  7. 7 QingdaoChina 87 works
  8. 8 WuhanChina 83 works
  9. 9 DalianChina 78 works
  10. 10 HarbinChina 74 works
See Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies on the map

Where is the best place to study Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies?

Among universities, judged by research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Dalian University of Technology and Shanghai Jiao Tong University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 20.49%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Dalian University of…Shanghai Jiao Tong U…Xi'an Jiaotong Unive…China University of …
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 69.116.3%8.3×82 +90.2%
2Dalian University of TechnologyChina 69.020.3%8.7×46 +33.8%
3Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 63.918.2%3.8×62 +57.3%
4China University of Petroleum, BeijingChina 63.416.2%17.6×39 +50.1%
5Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyNorway 60.819.1%5.8×19 +43.9%
6National University of SingaporeSingapore 60.830.2%2.0×14 -20.4%
7China University of Petroleum, East ChinaChina 60.616.3%15.9×42 +4.7%
8Zhejiang UniversityChina 57.918.9%2.6×40 +70.0%
9South China University of TechnologyChina 56.820.6%3.4×21 +140.2%
10University of StrathclydeUnited Kingdom 56.828.8%8.0×12 +79.6%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies, country by country

Is Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 36% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2024. The fastest-growing topics are Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.035% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies0.031% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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