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Bangladesh vs Maldives

On research quality in 2022-now, Bangladesh ranks #40 in the world and the Maldives #123, of 189 countries. Bangladesh stands higher in 24 of the 24 fields both publish in, the Maldives in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.60similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Bangladesh

World rank, 2022-now
#40
#50 all time
Works, 2022-now
78k
fractional
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
62%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Aquatic Science, Health Information Management.

Maldives

World rank, 2022-now
#123
#108 all time
Works, 2022-now
791
fractional
Top-10% rate
11.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
54%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Research and Theory, Nature and Landscape Conservation.

Who leads, measure by measure?

The Maldives leads on 5 of 9 measures: citation excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Bangladesh leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, output and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Bangladesh 31 level5 Maldives
  1. #40Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#123
  2. 0.90×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.98×
  3. 78kOutputfractional works, 2022-now791
  4. 10.1%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited11.2%
  5. 10.3Citations per workall time, per fractional work16.9
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 62%Open accessof its works free to read, all time54%
  8. 28%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time62%
  9. +56%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+99%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Bangladesh stands higher in 24 of 24 fields, Maldives in 0. Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Bangladesh 240 Maldives
  1. #38Agricultural and Biological Sciences-
  2. #56Arts and Humanities-
  3. #44Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-
  4. #43Business, Management and Accounting-
  5. #29Chemistry-
  6. #39Computer Science-
  7. #39Decision Sciences-
  8. #48Dentistry-
  9. #31Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  10. #43Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  11. #42Energy-
  12. #40Engineering-
  13. #31Environmental Science-
  14. #39Health Professions-
  15. #47Immunology and Microbiology-
  16. #31Materials Science-
  17. #48Mathematics-
  18. #59Medicine-
  19. #47Neuroscience-
  20. #38Nursing-
  21. #30Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-
  22. #45Physics and Astronomy-
  23. #39Psychology-
  24. #49Social Sciences-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Bangladesh rankMaldives rank Bangladesh top 10%Maldives top 10% Bangladesh worksMaldives works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #38 - 10.4% - 7.3k -
Arts and Humanities #56 - 10.3% - 1.1k -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #44 - 8.3% - 3.1k -
Business, Management and Accounting #43 - 14.0% - 3.2k -
Chemistry #29 - 14.1% - 903 -
Computer Science #39 - 9.2% - 7.8k -
Decision Sciences #39 - 12.6% - 784 -
Dentistry #48 - 6.8% - 254 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #31 - 11.2% - 663 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #43 - 11.8% - 2.2k -
Energy #42 - 11.1% - 920 -
Engineering #40 - 10.2% - 11k -
Environmental Science #31 - 11.6% - 5.3k -
Health Professions #39 - 12.5% - 1.9k -
Immunology and Microbiology #47 - 9.3% - 708 -
Materials Science #31 - 13.7% - 2.9k -
Mathematics #48 - 13.3% - 596 -
Medicine #59 - 6.7% - 14k -
Neuroscience #47 - 8.5% - 908 -
Nursing #38 - 9.6% - 785 -
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #30 - 11.5% - 334 -
Physics and Astronomy #45 - 13.3% - 962 -
Psychology #39 - 10.2% - 1.9k -
Social Sciences #49 - 11.0% - 7.7k -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Bangladesh

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning6,470▲ 2.1×84 topics
  2. Machine Learning6,042▲ 2.0×97 topics
  3. Epidemiology4,297▲ 1.19×140 topics
  4. Climate Change3,359▲ 1.36×122 topics
  5. Sustainability3,334▲ 1.50×126 topics
  6. Environmental Impact2,779▲ 1.79×71 topics
  7. COVID-192,213▲ 1.88×34 topics
  8. Renewable Energy2,149▲ 1.64×60 topics
  9. Neural Networks1,956▲ 1.40×41 topics
  10. Convolutional Neural Networks1,819▲ 2.8×14 topics
  11. Healthcare1,796▲ 1.73×41 topics
  12. Globalization1,678◆ 0.94×162 topics
  13. Pandemic1,667▲ 1.85×14 topics
  14. Social Media1,622▲ 1.29×40 topics
  15. Oxidative Stress1,576◆ 1.06×63 topics
  16. Artificial Intelligence1,554▲ 1.20×61 topics
  17. Food Security1,414▲ 2.9×24 topics
  18. Remote Sensing1,411▲ 1.27×41 topics
  19. Cardiovascular Disease1,385▲ 1.34×39 topics
  20. Human Rights1,326▲ 1.43×79 topics
  21. Internet of Things1,190▲ 1.53×32 topics
  22. Data Mining1,084▲ 1.63×25 topics
  23. Medical Imaging1,079▲ 2.3×9 topics
  24. Security1,077▲ 1.77×31 topics
  25. Image Processing1,031▲ 2.6×14 topics
  26. Consumer Behavior1,030▲ 1.82×18 topics
  27. Risk Management1,014▲ 2.4×18 topics
  28. Feature Extraction1,012▲ 2.5×10 topics
  29. Genetic Diversity976▲ 2.5×22 topics
  30. IoT931▲ 2.7×19 topics
  31. Heat Transfer928▲ 2.1×20 topics
  32. Environmental Monitoring913▲ 2.6×18 topics
  33. Wireless Sensor Networks894▲ 2.2×23 topics
  34. Agriculture875▲ 2.5×17 topics
  35. Aquaculture796▲ 3.4×8 topics
  36. Vulnerability754▲ 3.6×8 topics
  37. Transfer Learning658▲ 3.8×3 topics
  38. Water Management652▲ 5.7×8 topics
  39. Smart Farming560▲ 5.3×2 topics
  40. Bangladesh507▲ 27×3 topics

Maldives

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change58▲ 2.2×70 topics
  2. Epidemiology57▲ 1.46×104 topics
  3. Machine Learning33◆ 1.01×55 topics
  4. Environmental Impact29▲ 1.74×46 topics
  5. Deep Learning27▼ 0.79×54 topics
  6. Sustainability25◆ 1.05×51 topics
  7. Nanoparticles24▲ 1.93×34 topics
  8. Biomedical Applications21▲ 1.86×31 topics
  9. Oxidative Stress20▲ 1.27×39 topics
  10. Conservation19▲ 4.6×16 topics
  11. Ocean Acidification18▲ 24×3 topics
  12. Marine Ecosystems17▲ 32×2 topics
  13. Artificial Intelligence17▲ 1.23×29 topics
  14. Nanocomposites16▲ 2.0×17 topics
  15. Gene Expression15▲ 2.5×17 topics
  16. Nanomaterials15▲ 1.48×15 topics
  17. Depression14▲ 1.65×17 topics
  18. Biodiversity13▲ 1.79×22 topics
  19. Vaccine13▲ 3.4×11 topics
  20. Population Dynamics13▲ 5.2×8 topics
  21. Bleaching13▲ 40×1 topic
  22. Coral Reefs13▲ 40×1 topic
  23. Pathogenesis13▲ 2.5×21 topics
  24. Leadership12▲ 2.5×12 topics
  25. Immune Response12▲ 2.2×19 topics
  26. Genetic Diversity12▲ 2.8×17 topics
  27. Vulnerability10▲ 4.5×6 topics
  28. Reactive Oxygen Species10▲ 2.5×11 topics
  29. Organizational Performance10▲ 3.9×10 topics
  30. Aquaculture9▲ 3.7×8 topics
  31. Sea-Level Rise9▲ 8.0×5 topics
  32. Coastal Protection8▲ 12×2 topics
  33. DNA Barcoding8▲ 4.4×9 topics
  34. Fisheries7▲ 15×3 topics
  35. Benthic Communities6▲ 10×2 topics
  36. Marine Biodiversity6▲ 10×2 topics
  37. Biodegradable6▲ 8.4×2 topics
  38. Composites6▲ 7.9×2 topics
  39. Natural Fibers6▲ 8.6×1 topic
  40. Reinforced Polymers6▲ 11×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Bangladesh has out-published the Maldives every year since 1980.

still counting10k20k30kBangladesh24k in 2025Maldives313 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting1.0%2.0%Bangladesh0.41% in 2025Maldives0.0053% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%Maldives11.5% in 2025Bangladesh9.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Bangladesh 23 level0 Maldives
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 1In the top 1,0000
  5. #47Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Bangladesh or Maldives?

Bangladesh publishes 98.3× as much research as the Maldives in 2022-now (78k against 791 fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Bangladesh or Maldives?

11.2% of the Maldives's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 10.1% for Bangladesh.

Is Bangladesh or Maldives growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +99% against 2018-21 for the Maldives, and +56% for Bangladesh.

Which has more open access research, Bangladesh or Maldives?

62% of Bangladesh's research is free to read, against 54% of the Maldives's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Bangladesh or Maldives?

Bangladesh holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and the Maldives 0; in the top 1,000 it is 1 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Bangladesh

  1. 1Southeast University8.5% top 10% · 2.2k works
  2. 2Ministry of Education15.0% top 10% · 829 works
  3. 3Islamic University9.3% top 10% · 3.4k works
  4. 4Daffodil International University13.7% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research14.1% top 10% · 610 works
  6. 6North South University11.9% top 10% · 1.4k works

Maldives

  1. 1Maldives National University8.8% top 10% · 363 works
  2. 2Ministry of Education17.9% top 10% · 230 works
  3. 3Marine Research Centre11.1% top 10% · 80 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Bangladesh

  1. 1 Muntasir Murshed #1,487 worldwide 19k citations · 244 works
  2. 2 Mozammel Mia #4,564 worldwide 12k citations · 171 works
  3. 3 Mosiur Rahman #7,232 worldwide 64k citations · 222 works
  4. 4 Md Nuruzzaman Khan #7,524 worldwide 43k citations · 266 works
  5. 5 Md. Abdul Moktadir #8,531 worldwide 8k citations · 105 works

Maldives

  1. 1 Saravanakumar Sengottaiyan #218,079 worldwide 444 citations · 29 works
  2. 2 Mariyam Shareefa #295,471 worldwide 394 citations · 30 works
  3. 3 Visal Moosa #567,072 worldwide 331 citations · 34 works
  4. 4 Jenish Iyyadurai #1,038,039 worldwide 462 citations · 21 works
  5. 5 I. Jenish #1,301,638 worldwide 520 citations · 19 works

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