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Argentina vs Bangladesh

On research quality in 2022-now, Argentina ranks #38 in the world and Bangladesh #40, of 189 countries. Argentina stands higher in 13 of the 25 fields both publish in, Bangladesh in 12.

Research profiles alike: -0.13different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Argentina

World rank, 2022-now
#38
#37 all time
Works, 2022-now
79k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
62%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Social Sciences, Paleontology, General Arts and Humanities.

Bangladesh

World rank, 2022-now
#40
#50 all time
Works, 2022-now
78k
fractional
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
62%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Drug Discovery, Aquatic Science, Health Information Management.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Bangladesh leads on 4 of 9 measures: citation excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, international co-authorship and growth. Argentina leads on 2 of 9 measures: research quality and citations per work. The two are level on output, institutions in the world top 100 and open access.

Argentina 23 level4 Bangladesh
  1. #38Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#40
  2. 0.67×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.90×
  3. 79kOutputfractional works, 2022-now78k
  4. 5.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited10.1%
  5. 11.6Citations per workall time, per fractional work10.3
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 62%Open accessof its works free to read, all time62%
  8. 20%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time28%
  9. -15%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+56%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Argentina stands higher in 13 of 25 fields, Bangladesh in 12. Argentina leads most in Arts and Humanities (#27 against #56); Bangladesh leads most in Materials Science (#31 against #57). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Argentina 1312 Bangladesh
  1. #32Agricultural and Biological Sciences#38
  2. #27Arts and Humanities#56
  3. #36Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#44
  4. #60Business, Management and Accounting#43
  5. #45Chemistry#29
  6. #52Computer Science#39
  7. #52Decision Sciences#39
  8. #46Dentistry#48
  9. #33Earth and Planetary Sciences#31
  10. #45Economics, Econometrics and Finance#43
  11. #50Energy#42
  12. #55Engineering#40
  13. #42Environmental Science#31
  14. #43Health Professions#39
  15. #34Immunology and Microbiology#47
  16. #57Materials Science#31
  17. #34Mathematics#48
  18. #37Medicine#59
  19. #32Neuroscience#47
  20. #32Nursing#38
  21. #33Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#30
  22. #40Physics and Astronomy#45
  23. #36Psychology#39
  24. #28Social Sciences#49
  25. #22Veterinary-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Argentina rankBangladesh rank Argentina top 10%Bangladesh top 10% Argentina worksBangladesh works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #32 #38 6.0% 10.4% 6.7k 7.3k
Arts and Humanities #27 #56 8.0% 10.3% 6k 1.1k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #36 #44 5.3% 8.3% 3.8k 3.1k
Business, Management and Accounting #60 #43 4.8% 14.0% 1.2k 3.2k
Chemistry #45 #29 4.8% 14.1% 970 903
Computer Science #52 #39 4.5% 9.2% 3k 7.8k
Decision Sciences #52 #39 5.4% 12.6% 302 784
Dentistry #46 #48 3.3% 6.8% 269 254
Earth and Planetary Sciences #33 #31 5.2% 11.2% 2.2k 663
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #45 #43 6.3% 11.8% 1.3k 2.2k
Energy #50 #42 4.5% 11.1% 503 920
Engineering #55 #40 3.8% 10.2% 4.1k 11k
Environmental Science #42 #31 5.2% 11.6% 5.5k 5.3k
Health Professions #43 #39 6.0% 12.5% 1.8k 1.9k
Immunology and Microbiology #34 #47 6.8% 9.3% 832 708
Materials Science #57 #31 3.5% 13.7% 1.5k 2.9k
Mathematics #34 #48 7.8% 13.3% 719 596
Medicine #37 #59 5.5% 6.7% 13k 14k
Neuroscience #32 #47 5.4% 8.5% 1k 908
Nursing #32 #38 5.3% 9.6% 456 785
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #33 #30 6.4% 11.5% 216 334
Physics and Astronomy #40 #45 4.9% 13.3% 1.7k 962
Psychology #36 #39 5.5% 10.2% 2.8k 1.9k
Social Sciences #28 #49 6.7% 11.0% 19k 7.7k
Veterinary #22 - 5.8% - 222 -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Argentina

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization5,661▲ 3.3×167 topics
  2. Climate Change4,461▲ 1.87×123 topics
  3. Education4,214▲ 2.8×141 topics
  4. Epidemiology4,167▲ 1.19×140 topics
  5. Latin America3,932▲ 24×23 topics
  6. Public Health2,816▲ 2.2×75 topics
  7. History2,786▲ 4.6×64 topics
  8. Social Movements2,751▲ 11×32 topics
  9. Sustainability2,654▲ 1.24×124 topics
  10. Gender2,566▲ 5.4×56 topics
  11. Human Rights2,376▲ 2.6×84 topics
  12. Identity1,909▲ 3.0×75 topics
  13. Cultural Identity1,864▲ 4.3×36 topics
  14. Biodiversity1,796▲ 2.7×37 topics
  15. Neoliberalism1,740▲ 5.5×30 topics
  16. Innovation1,697▲ 1.87×74 topics
  17. Ethics1,695▲ 3.8×59 topics
  18. Social Inequality1,673▲ 7.1×21 topics
  19. Literature1,623▲ 3.4×59 topics
  20. Cultural Studies1,567▲ 4.8×39 topics
  21. Memory1,556▲ 7.2×23 topics
  22. Colonialism1,446▲ 3.5×49 topics
  23. Invasive Species1,426▲ 3.8×21 topics
  24. Inequality1,394▲ 7.0×19 topics
  25. Communication1,383▲ 5.0×23 topics
  26. Philosophy1,347▲ 3.5×44 topics
  27. Politics1,316▲ 5.7×24 topics
  28. Public Policy1,293▲ 3.1×29 topics
  29. Society1,260▲ 7.5×26 topics
  30. Biogeography1,167▲ 4.8×20 topics
  31. Community Participation1,145▲ 3.7×18 topics
  32. Feminism1,125▲ 4.4×26 topics
  33. Violence1,050▲ 8.1×15 topics
  34. Economy1,023▲ 15×8 topics
  35. Molecular Phylogeny927▲ 6.4×12 topics
  36. Welfare State912▲ 13×4 topics
  37. Resistance885▲ 10.0×9 topics
  38. Political Violence883▲ 39×3 topics
  39. Cultural822▲ 19×7 topics
  40. Protest816▲ 24×3 topics

Bangladesh

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning6,470▲ 2.1×84 topics
  2. Machine Learning6,042▲ 2.0×97 topics
  3. Epidemiology4,297▲ 1.19×140 topics
  4. Climate Change3,359▲ 1.36×122 topics
  5. Sustainability3,334▲ 1.50×126 topics
  6. Environmental Impact2,779▲ 1.79×71 topics
  7. COVID-192,213▲ 1.88×34 topics
  8. Renewable Energy2,149▲ 1.64×60 topics
  9. Neural Networks1,956▲ 1.40×41 topics
  10. Convolutional Neural Networks1,819▲ 2.8×14 topics
  11. Healthcare1,796▲ 1.73×41 topics
  12. Globalization1,678◆ 0.94×162 topics
  13. Pandemic1,667▲ 1.85×14 topics
  14. Social Media1,622▲ 1.29×40 topics
  15. Oxidative Stress1,576◆ 1.06×63 topics
  16. Artificial Intelligence1,554▲ 1.20×61 topics
  17. Food Security1,414▲ 2.9×24 topics
  18. Remote Sensing1,411▲ 1.27×41 topics
  19. Cardiovascular Disease1,385▲ 1.34×39 topics
  20. Human Rights1,326▲ 1.43×79 topics
  21. Internet of Things1,190▲ 1.53×32 topics
  22. Data Mining1,084▲ 1.63×25 topics
  23. Medical Imaging1,079▲ 2.3×9 topics
  24. Security1,077▲ 1.77×31 topics
  25. Image Processing1,031▲ 2.6×14 topics
  26. Consumer Behavior1,030▲ 1.82×18 topics
  27. Risk Management1,014▲ 2.4×18 topics
  28. Feature Extraction1,012▲ 2.5×10 topics
  29. Genetic Diversity976▲ 2.5×22 topics
  30. IoT931▲ 2.7×19 topics
  31. Heat Transfer928▲ 2.1×20 topics
  32. Environmental Monitoring913▲ 2.6×18 topics
  33. Wireless Sensor Networks894▲ 2.2×23 topics
  34. Agriculture875▲ 2.5×17 topics
  35. Aquaculture796▲ 3.4×8 topics
  36. Vulnerability754▲ 3.6×8 topics
  37. Transfer Learning658▲ 3.8×3 topics
  38. Water Management652▲ 5.7×8 topics
  39. Smart Farming560▲ 5.3×2 topics
  40. Bangladesh507▲ 27×3 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Bangladesh has out-published Argentina every year since 2024, when it overtook it.

still counting10k20k30kBangladesh24k in 2025Argentina20k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting1.0%2.0%Bangladesh0.41% in 2025Argentina0.34% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Bangladesh9.9% in 2025Argentina6.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Argentina 23 level0 Bangladesh
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 2In the top 1,0001
  5. #35Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#47

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Argentina or Bangladesh?

Argentina publishes 1.0× as much research as Bangladesh in 2022-now (79k against 78k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Argentina or Bangladesh?

10.1% of Bangladesh's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.8% for Argentina.

Is Argentina or Bangladesh growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +56% against 2018-21 for Bangladesh, and -15% for Argentina.

Which has more open access research, Argentina or Bangladesh?

62% of Argentina's research is free to read, against 62% of Bangladesh's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Argentina or Bangladesh?

Argentina holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Bangladesh 0; in the top 1,000 it is 2 against 1.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Bangladesh

  1. 1Southeast University8.5% top 10% · 2.2k works
  2. 2Ministry of Education15.0% top 10% · 829 works
  3. 3Islamic University9.3% top 10% · 3.4k works
  4. 4Daffodil International University13.7% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research14.1% top 10% · 610 works
  6. 6North South University11.9% top 10% · 1.4k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Argentina

  1. 1 Rafael Ugarriza Díaz #1,505 worldwide 80k citations · 380 works
  2. 2 Enzo Tagliazucchi #4,405 worldwide 15k citations · 294 works
  3. 3 Osvaldo E. Sala #6,469 worldwide 55k citations · 325 works
  4. 4 Sandra M. Díaz #7,348 worldwide 83k citations · 374 works
  5. 5 G. Farrar #18,089 worldwide 10k citations · 105 works

Bangladesh

  1. 1 Muntasir Murshed #1,487 worldwide 19k citations · 244 works
  2. 2 Mozammel Mia #4,564 worldwide 12k citations · 171 works
  3. 3 Mosiur Rahman #7,232 worldwide 64k citations · 222 works
  4. 4 Md Nuruzzaman Khan #7,524 worldwide 43k citations · 266 works
  5. 5 Md. Abdul Moktadir #8,531 worldwide 8k citations · 105 works

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