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Argentina vs Thailand

On research quality in 2022-now, Argentina ranks #38 in the world and Thailand #39, of 189 countries. Argentina stands higher in 12 of the 26 fields both publish in, Thailand in 14.

Research profiles alike: -0.12different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Argentina

World rank, 2022-now
#38
#37 all time
Works, 2022-now
79k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
62%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Social Sciences, Paleontology, General Arts and Humanities.

Thailand

World rank, 2022-now
#39
#41 all time
Works, 2022-now
94k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
49%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Parasitology, Biochemistry, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Thailand leads on 6 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Argentina leads on 2 of 9 measures: research quality and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Argentina 21 level6 Thailand
  1. #38Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#39
  2. 0.67×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.81×
  3. 79kOutputfractional works, 2022-now94k
  4. 5.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited8.8%
  5. 11.6Citations per workall time, per fractional work13.7
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 62%Open accessof its works free to read, all time49%
  8. 20%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time22%
  9. -15%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+34%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Argentina stands higher in 12 of 26 fields, Thailand in 14. Thailand leads most in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (#23 against #33); Argentina leads most in Earth and Planetary Sciences (#33 against #49). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Argentina 1214 Thailand
  1. #32Agricultural and Biological Sciences#37
  2. #27Arts and Humanities#39
  3. #36Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#38
  4. #60Business, Management and Accounting#44
  5. -Chemical Engineering#29
  6. #45Chemistry#36
  7. #52Computer Science#45
  8. #52Decision Sciences#38
  9. #46Dentistry#32
  10. #33Earth and Planetary Sciences#49
  11. #45Economics, Econometrics and Finance#52
  12. #50Energy#44
  13. #55Engineering#44
  14. #42Environmental Science#34
  15. #43Health Professions#45
  16. #34Immunology and Microbiology#32
  17. #57Materials Science#41
  18. #34Mathematics#44
  19. #37Medicine#34
  20. #32Neuroscience#44
  21. #32Nursing#39
  22. #33Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#23
  23. #40Physics and Astronomy#49
  24. #36Psychology#47
  25. #28Social Sciences#47
  26. #22Veterinary#21

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Argentina rankThailand rank Argentina top 10%Thailand top 10% Argentina worksThailand works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #32 #37 6.0% 10.7% 6.7k 6.8k
Arts and Humanities #27 #39 8.0% 12.1% 6k 1.7k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #36 #38 5.3% 7.6% 3.8k 5.5k
Business, Management and Accounting #60 #44 4.8% 9.0% 1.2k 4k
Chemical Engineering - #29 - 6.8% - 392
Chemistry #45 #36 4.8% 7.6% 970 1.4k
Computer Science #52 #45 4.5% 8.2% 3k 6.3k
Decision Sciences #52 #38 5.4% 7.9% 302 1.3k
Dentistry #46 #32 3.3% 12.5% 269 913
Earth and Planetary Sciences #33 #49 5.2% 9.3% 2.2k 750
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #45 #52 6.3% 8.9% 1.3k 1.7k
Energy #50 #44 4.5% 6.1% 503 956
Engineering #55 #44 3.8% 8.0% 4.1k 13k
Environmental Science #42 #34 5.2% 7.9% 5.5k 4.9k
Health Professions #43 #45 6.0% 10.4% 1.8k 2k
Immunology and Microbiology #34 #32 6.8% 9.8% 832 1.3k
Materials Science #57 #41 3.5% 6.9% 1.5k 4.1k
Mathematics #34 #44 7.8% 9.0% 719 1.2k
Medicine #37 #34 5.5% 8.7% 13k 20k
Neuroscience #32 #44 5.4% 7.3% 1k 941
Nursing #32 #39 5.3% 7.9% 456 817
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #33 #23 6.4% 10.3% 216 765
Physics and Astronomy #40 #49 4.9% 6.9% 1.7k 959
Psychology #36 #47 5.5% 7.6% 2.8k 2.7k
Social Sciences #28 #47 6.7% 10.6% 19k 9.2k
Veterinary #22 #21 5.8% 11.4% 222 262

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Argentina

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization5,661▲ 3.3×167 topics
  2. Climate Change4,461▲ 1.87×123 topics
  3. Education4,214▲ 2.8×141 topics
  4. Epidemiology4,167▲ 1.19×140 topics
  5. Latin America3,932▲ 24×23 topics
  6. Public Health2,816▲ 2.2×75 topics
  7. History2,786▲ 4.6×64 topics
  8. Social Movements2,751▲ 11×32 topics
  9. Sustainability2,654▲ 1.24×124 topics
  10. Gender2,566▲ 5.4×56 topics
  11. Human Rights2,376▲ 2.6×84 topics
  12. Identity1,909▲ 3.0×75 topics
  13. Cultural Identity1,864▲ 4.3×36 topics
  14. Biodiversity1,796▲ 2.7×37 topics
  15. Neoliberalism1,740▲ 5.5×30 topics
  16. Innovation1,697▲ 1.87×74 topics
  17. Ethics1,695▲ 3.8×59 topics
  18. Social Inequality1,673▲ 7.1×21 topics
  19. Literature1,623▲ 3.4×59 topics
  20. Cultural Studies1,567▲ 4.8×39 topics
  21. Memory1,556▲ 7.2×23 topics
  22. Colonialism1,446▲ 3.5×49 topics
  23. Invasive Species1,426▲ 3.8×21 topics
  24. Inequality1,394▲ 7.0×19 topics
  25. Communication1,383▲ 5.0×23 topics
  26. Philosophy1,347▲ 3.5×44 topics
  27. Politics1,316▲ 5.7×24 topics
  28. Public Policy1,293▲ 3.1×29 topics
  29. Society1,260▲ 7.5×26 topics
  30. Biogeography1,167▲ 4.8×20 topics
  31. Community Participation1,145▲ 3.7×18 topics
  32. Feminism1,125▲ 4.4×26 topics
  33. Violence1,050▲ 8.1×15 topics
  34. Economy1,023▲ 15×8 topics
  35. Molecular Phylogeny927▲ 6.4×12 topics
  36. Welfare State912▲ 13×4 topics
  37. Resistance885▲ 10.0×9 topics
  38. Political Violence883▲ 39×3 topics
  39. Cultural822▲ 19×7 topics
  40. Protest816▲ 24×3 topics

Thailand

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology5,771▲ 1.34×139 topics
  2. Deep Learning3,350◆ 0.90×85 topics
  3. Machine Learning3,342◆ 0.93×97 topics
  4. Sustainability2,916◆ 1.10×132 topics
  5. Inflammation2,649◆ 1.15×83 topics
  6. Environmental Impact2,480▲ 1.35×72 topics
  7. Climate Change2,247▼ 0.76×125 topics
  8. Biomedical Applications2,236▲ 1.75×36 topics
  9. Oxidative Stress2,210▲ 1.24×63 topics
  10. Antioxidant1,937▲ 2.6×51 topics
  11. Nanoparticles1,735▲ 1.27×44 topics
  12. Renewable Energy1,714◆ 1.10×59 topics
  13. Globalization1,659▼ 0.78×156 topics
  14. Cardiovascular Disease1,633▲ 1.32×39 topics
  15. Quality of Life1,613◆ 1.03×59 topics
  16. Nanocomposites1,602▲ 1.88×22 topics
  17. Artificial Intelligence1,586◆ 1.03×64 topics
  18. Antioxidant Activity1,547▲ 2.3×32 topics
  19. Cancer1,532◆ 1.05×59 topics
  20. Educational Technology1,512▲ 1.18×46 topics
  21. Treatment1,505◆ 1.15×52 topics
  22. Neural Networks1,478◆ 0.89×42 topics
  23. Nanomaterials1,452▲ 1.28×21 topics
  24. COVID-191,411◆ 1.00×34 topics
  25. Tissue Engineering1,224▲ 1.87×13 topics
  26. Mechanical Properties1,219◆ 1.15×39 topics
  27. Diagnosis1,163◆ 1.15×41 topics
  28. Supply Chain Management1,150▲ 1.19×27 topics
  29. Antioxidants1,081▲ 2.3×17 topics
  30. Global Burden966▲ 1.64×12 topics
  31. Health Benefits946▲ 2.6×16 topics
  32. Anti-inflammatory932▲ 3.0×29 topics
  33. Pathogenesis929▲ 1.68×24 topics
  34. Gut Microbiota812▲ 2.2×7 topics
  35. Technology Integration789▲ 2.3×12 topics
  36. Flavonoids781▲ 2.8×12 topics
  37. Antimicrobial778▲ 2.5×14 topics
  38. Vaccine Development766▲ 2.8×11 topics
  39. Biomaterials706▲ 2.7×7 topics
  40. Biodegradable Polymers702▲ 3.8×4 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Thailand has out-published Argentina every year since 2022, when it overtook it.

still counting10k20k30kThailand28k in 2025Argentina20k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%0.60%Thailand0.48% in 2025Argentina0.34% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Thailand9.2% in 2025Argentina6.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Argentina 23 level0 Thailand
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 2In the top 1,0000
  5. #35Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Argentina or Thailand?

Thailand publishes 1.2× as much research as Argentina in 2022-now (94k against 79k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Argentina or Thailand?

8.8% of Thailand's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.8% for Argentina.

Is Argentina or Thailand growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +34% against 2018-21 for Thailand, and -15% for Argentina.

Which has more open access research, Argentina or Thailand?

62% of Argentina's research is free to read, against 49% of Thailand's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Argentina or Thailand?

Argentina holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Thailand 0; in the top 1,000 it is 2 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Thailand

  1. 1Chulalongkorn University9.7% top 10% · 9k works
  2. 2Mahidol University9.9% top 10% · 10k works
  3. 3Chiang Mai University10.3% top 10% · 6.5k works
  4. 4Ministry of Education17.7% top 10% · 535 works
  5. 5King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi9.9% top 10% · 2k works
  6. 6Khon Kaen University9.5% top 10% · 4.5k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Argentina

  1. 1 Rafael Ugarriza Díaz #1,505 worldwide 80k citations · 380 works
  2. 2 Enzo Tagliazucchi #4,405 worldwide 15k citations · 294 works
  3. 3 Osvaldo E. Sala #6,469 worldwide 55k citations · 325 works
  4. 4 Sandra M. Díaz #7,348 worldwide 83k citations · 374 works
  5. 5 G. Farrar #18,089 worldwide 10k citations · 105 works

Thailand

  1. 1 Omid Mahian #6,124 worldwide 24k citations · 323 works
  2. 2 Nicholas Day #9,058 worldwide 83k citations · 4,663 works
  3. 3 Jin Cao #9,597 worldwide 8.7k citations · 140 works
  4. 4 W. Mitthumsiri #10,824 worldwide 39k citations · 252 works
  5. 5 Philip Hallinger #12,771 worldwide 31k citations · 388 works

Other comparisons

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