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Croatia vs Ecuador

On research quality in 2022-now, Croatia ranks #52 in the world and Ecuador #55, of 189 countries. Croatia stands higher in 15 of the 23 fields both publish in, Ecuador in 8.

Research profiles alike: 0.61similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Croatia

World rank, 2022-now
#52
#59 all time
Works, 2022-now
38k
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
61%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Industrial relations, Library and Information Sciences, Space and Planetary Science.

Ecuador

World rank, 2022-now
#55
#54 all time
Works, 2022-now
65k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
79%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Horticulture.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Ecuador leads on 5 of 9 measures: output, top-10% rate, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Croatia leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields and citations per work. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Croatia 31 level5 Ecuador
  1. #52Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#55
  2. 0.76×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.74×
  3. 38kOutputfractional works, 2022-now65k
  4. 6.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited8.4%
  5. 8.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work3.4
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 61%Open accessof its works free to read, all time79%
  8. 16%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time21%
  9. +2%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+59%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Croatia stands higher in 15 of 23 fields, Ecuador in 8. Croatia leads most in Materials Science (#49 against #72); Ecuador leads most in Health Professions (#38 against #65). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Croatia 158 Ecuador
  1. #54Agricultural and Biological Sciences#55
  2. #51Arts and Humanities#50
  3. #51Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#64
  4. #47Business, Management and Accounting#50
  5. #47Chemistry-
  6. #61Computer Science#48
  7. #49Decision Sciences#57
  8. #38Dentistry#42
  9. #48Earth and Planetary Sciences#65
  10. #48Economics, Econometrics and Finance#36
  11. #45Energy#46
  12. #56Engineering#61
  13. #62Environmental Science#57
  14. #65Health Professions#38
  15. #43Immunology and Microbiology#52
  16. #49Materials Science#72
  17. #53Mathematics#68
  18. #54Medicine#72
  19. #53Neuroscience#49
  20. #43Nursing#54
  21. #44Physics and Astronomy#58
  22. #52Psychology#50
  23. #69Social Sciences#43

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Croatia rankEcuador rank Croatia top 10%Ecuador top 10% Croatia worksEcuador works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #54 #55 9.1% 7.5% 1.8k 4.2k
Arts and Humanities #51 #50 4.9% 9.4% 2.4k 1k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #51 #64 7.2% 5.8% 1.5k 1.1k
Business, Management and Accounting #47 #50 8.5% 10.4% 1.3k 3.8k
Chemistry #47 - 6.3% - 490 -
Computer Science #61 #48 7.8% 8.8% 2.2k 5.9k
Decision Sciences #49 #57 8.2% 6.7% 374 282
Dentistry #38 #42 12.7% 2.1% 294 788
Earth and Planetary Sciences #48 #65 5.8% 5.4% 646 395
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #48 #36 5.5% 10.5% 2.4k 4.8k
Energy #45 #46 8.1% 10.0% 229 598
Engineering #56 #61 6.2% 5.6% 4.3k 3.6k
Environmental Science #62 #57 5.9% 8.0% 2.2k 3.4k
Health Professions #65 #38 5.9% 6.8% 882 4.4k
Immunology and Microbiology #43 #52 7.9% 5.4% 314 386
Materials Science #49 #72 5.4% 7.2% 691 347
Mathematics #53 #68 5.2% 7.3% 443 219
Medicine #54 #72 7.2% 3.8% 7.3k 8.5k
Neuroscience #53 #49 5.7% 5.2% 473 385
Nursing #43 #54 6.6% 3.3% 217 269
Physics and Astronomy #44 #58 7.0% 5.4% 518 200
Psychology #52 #50 5.5% 8.0% 1.5k 3.2k
Social Sciences #69 #43 5.5% 11.7% 5.8k 16k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Croatia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,625◆ 0.95×139 topics
  2. Sustainable Development1,368▲ 2.0×105 topics
  3. Sustainability1,296▲ 1.23×127 topics
  4. Climate Change1,230◆ 1.05×124 topics
  5. Economic Growth1,129▲ 3.2×35 topics
  6. International Relations1,106▲ 11×28 topics
  7. International Trade1,024▲ 17×12 topics
  8. Nation-Building1,018▲ 45×4 topics
  9. Foreign Policy1,008▲ 62×4 topics
  10. Sovereign Debt Crises1,002▲ 58×2 topics
  11. Negotiation992▲ 65×4 topics
  12. Commercial Diplomacy976▲ 193×1 topic
  13. Economic Diplomacy976▲ 193×1 topic
  14. Religion893▲ 4.5×43 topics
  15. Artificial Intelligence889▲ 1.45×62 topics
  16. Regional Development810▲ 5.5×19 topics
  17. Organizational Culture800▲ 4.8×16 topics
  18. Financial Performance799▲ 3.3×16 topics
  19. Ethics774▲ 3.6×58 topics
  20. Innovation Management742▲ 11×9 topics
  21. Small and Medium Enterprises722▲ 9.5×10 topics
  22. Agricultural Sustainability716▲ 15×6 topics
  23. Rural Tourism696▲ 52×3 topics
  24. Leadership Emergence693▲ 117×1 topic
  25. Identity680▲ 2.2×75 topics
  26. Resilience629▲ 3.0×17 topics
  27. Climate Change Impact621▲ 6.3×8 topics
  28. Environmental Policy580▲ 6.7×14 topics
  29. Water Quality Monitoring549▲ 16×3 topics
  30. Hydrological Analysis530▲ 34×2 topics
  31. Socio-economic Factors524▲ 11×3 topics
  32. Water Resources Management523▲ 92×2 topics
  33. Global Water Resources517▲ 127×1 topic
  34. Integrated Management517▲ 127×1 topic
  35. Media478▲ 7.4×18 topics
  36. Spirituality468▲ 11×7 topics
  37. Social Change455▲ 8.6×19 topics
  38. Cultural Integration449▲ 4.9×3 topics
  39. Communication Technology422▲ 79×1 topic
  40. Youth Subcultures422▲ 79×1 topic

Ecuador

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Education9,461▲ 7.3×130 topics
  2. Small and Medium Enterprises5,412▲ 40×9 topics
  3. Digital Marketing5,405▲ 18×6 topics
  4. Innovation5,392▲ 6.9×75 topics
  5. Social Responsibility4,765▲ 27×11 topics
  6. Innovation Ecosystems4,591▲ 60×4 topics
  7. Globalization4,481▲ 3.0×149 topics
  8. Urban Development4,473▲ 17×18 topics
  9. Economic Impact4,467▲ 11×13 topics
  10. Globalization Effects4,443▲ 85×3 topics
  11. Tourism Management4,357▲ 83×2 topics
  12. City Branding4,355▲ 93×1 topic
  13. Psychopharmacology Education4,355▲ 93×1 topic
  14. Sustainability4,240▲ 2.3×119 topics
  15. Competitiveness4,214▲ 70×6 topics
  16. E-Learning4,007▲ 5.5×23 topics
  17. Educational Technology3,767▲ 4.2×44 topics
  18. COVID-193,624▲ 3.7×34 topics
  19. Knowledge Management3,605▲ 8.6×38 topics
  20. Public Health3,496▲ 3.2×73 topics
  21. Pedagogy3,380▲ 8.9×25 topics
  22. Health Promotion3,330▲ 14×17 topics
  23. Teacher Training3,107▲ 6.7×27 topics
  24. Inclusive Education3,012▲ 11×18 topics
  25. Human Rights2,977▲ 3.9×71 topics
  26. Distance Learning2,885▲ 11×13 topics
  27. Social Impact2,550▲ 8.6×24 topics
  28. Nutrition2,545▲ 7.6×17 topics
  29. Organizational Culture2,456▲ 8.4×16 topics
  30. Digital Divide2,405▲ 12×8 topics
  31. Online Education2,394▲ 16×7 topics
  32. Digital Competence2,368▲ 36×4 topics
  33. ICT2,345▲ 23×5 topics
  34. Virtual Teaching2,320▲ 57×1 topic
  35. Technology2,249▲ 5.7×40 topics
  36. University Students2,039▲ 48×2 topics
  37. Research1,884▲ 20×11 topics
  38. Communication1,828▲ 7.7×23 topics
  39. Educational Interventions1,766▲ 25×3 topics
  40. Occupational Health1,725▲ 20×8 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Ecuador has out-published Croatia every year since 2019, when it overtook it.

still counting10k20k30kEcuador21k in 2025Croatia10k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.20%0.40%Ecuador0.36% in 2025Croatia0.18% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%Ecuador9.7% in 2025Croatia7.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Croatia 05 level0 Ecuador
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Croatia or Ecuador?

Ecuador publishes 1.7× as much research as Croatia in 2022-now (65k against 38k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Croatia or Ecuador?

8.4% of Ecuador's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.5% for Croatia.

Is Croatia or Ecuador growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +59% against 2018-21 for Ecuador, and +2% for Croatia.

Which has more open access research, Croatia or Ecuador?

79% of Ecuador's research is free to read, against 61% of Croatia's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Croatia or Ecuador?

Croatia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Ecuador 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Croatia

  1. 1University of Zagreb6.5% top 10% · 14k works
  2. 2University of Split8.1% top 10% · 3.2k works
  3. 3University of Osijek7.3% top 10% · 2.8k works
  4. 4University of Rijeka7.2% top 10% · 3k works
  5. 5University North9.0% top 10% · 597 works
  6. 6Institut za filozofiju3.7% top 10% · 1.5k works

Ecuador

  1. 1Universidad Católica de Cuenca6.6% top 10% · 4.1k works
  2. 2Universidad Técnica de Manabí9.1% top 10% · 3k works
  3. 3Universidad Estatal de Milagro10.0% top 10% · 2.3k works
  4. 4University of Guayaquil7.6% top 10% · 3.4k works
  5. 5Universidad Tecnica de Machala9.9% top 10% · 1.8k works
  6. 6Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabi6.2% top 10% · 1.7k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Croatia

  1. 1 D. Mekterović #10,978 worldwide 52k citations · 552 works
  2. 2 Ozren Polašek #21,112 worldwide 75k citations · 684 works
  3. 3 R. Gupta #26,416 worldwide 7.7k citations · 106 works
  4. 4 G. I. Veres #32,507 worldwide 16k citations · 246 works
  5. 5 T. Virdee #36,724 worldwide 11k citations · 145 works

Ecuador

  1. 1 Augusto Paolo Bernal Párraga #3,437 worldwide 2.1k citations · 77 works
  2. 2 Rafael Alvarado #8,280 worldwide 9.9k citations · 183 works
  3. 3 David Neill #17,836 worldwide 21k citations · 193 works
  4. 4 Renato Valencia #29,585 worldwide 16k citations · 186 works
  5. 5 César Iván Casanova-Villalba #45,087 worldwide 1.1k citations · 72 works