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Croatia vs Ethiopia

On research quality in 2022-now, Ethiopia ranks #51 in the world and Croatia #52, of 189 countries. Croatia stands higher in 15 of the 23 fields both publish in, Ethiopia in 8.

Research profiles alike: 0.11somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Croatia

World rank, 2022-now
#52
#59 all time
Works, 2022-now
38k
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
61%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Industrial relations, Library and Information Sciences, Space and Planetary Science.

Ethiopia

World rank, 2022-now
#51
#51 all time
Works, 2022-now
43k
fractional
Top-10% rate
13.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
80%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Agronomy and Crop Science, Soil Science, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Ethiopia leads on 8 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Croatia leads on none. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Croatia 01 level8 Ethiopia
  1. #52Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#51
  2. 0.76×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.24×
  3. 38kOutputfractional works, 2022-now43k
  4. 6.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited13.1%
  5. 8.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work13.5
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 61%Open accessof its works free to read, all time80%
  8. 16%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time25%
  9. +2%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+36%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Croatia stands higher in 15 of 23 fields, Ethiopia in 8. Croatia leads most in Arts and Humanities (#51 against #89); Ethiopia leads most in Health Professions (#36 against #65). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Croatia 158 Ethiopia
  1. #54Agricultural and Biological Sciences#40
  2. #51Arts and Humanities#89
  3. #51Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#45
  4. #47Business, Management and Accounting#66
  5. #47Chemistry#55
  6. #61Computer Science#76
  7. #49Decision Sciences#63
  8. #38Dentistry-
  9. #48Earth and Planetary Sciences#55
  10. #48Economics, Econometrics and Finance#60
  11. #45Energy#59
  12. #56Engineering#60
  13. #62Environmental Science#60
  14. #65Health Professions#36
  15. #43Immunology and Microbiology#37
  16. #49Materials Science#55
  17. #53Mathematics#64
  18. #54Medicine#39
  19. #53Neuroscience-
  20. #43Nursing#29
  21. #44Physics and Astronomy#71
  22. #52Psychology#56
  23. #69Social Sciences#63

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Croatia rankEthiopia rank Croatia top 10%Ethiopia top 10% Croatia worksEthiopia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #54 #40 9.1% 12.1% 1.8k 7.3k
Arts and Humanities #51 #89 4.9% 14.1% 2.4k 357
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #51 #45 7.2% 11.3% 1.5k 1.6k
Business, Management and Accounting #47 #66 8.5% 16.5% 1.3k 999
Chemistry #47 #55 6.3% 13.0% 490 373
Computer Science #61 #76 7.8% 13.1% 2.2k 1.3k
Decision Sciences #49 #63 8.2% 9.8% 374 280
Dentistry #38 - 12.7% - 294 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #48 #55 5.8% 12.8% 646 336
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #48 #60 5.5% 14.7% 2.4k 916
Energy #45 #59 8.1% 9.9% 229 292
Engineering #56 #60 6.2% 11.6% 4.3k 3.4k
Environmental Science #62 #60 5.9% 10.8% 2.2k 4.2k
Health Professions #65 #36 5.9% 20.6% 882 1.7k
Immunology and Microbiology #43 #37 7.9% 12.3% 314 842
Materials Science #49 #55 5.4% 12.7% 691 960
Mathematics #53 #64 5.2% 12.8% 443 452
Medicine #54 #39 7.2% 13.2% 7.3k 11k
Neuroscience #53 - 5.7% - 473 -
Nursing #43 #29 6.6% 15.0% 217 1.2k
Physics and Astronomy #44 #71 7.0% 4.4% 518 280
Psychology #52 #56 5.5% 13.8% 1.5k 975
Social Sciences #69 #63 5.5% 15.6% 5.8k 3.7k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Croatia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,625◆ 0.95×139 topics
  2. Sustainable Development1,368▲ 2.0×105 topics
  3. Sustainability1,296▲ 1.23×127 topics
  4. Climate Change1,230◆ 1.05×124 topics
  5. Economic Growth1,129▲ 3.2×35 topics
  6. International Relations1,106▲ 11×28 topics
  7. International Trade1,024▲ 17×12 topics
  8. Nation-Building1,018▲ 45×4 topics
  9. Foreign Policy1,008▲ 62×4 topics
  10. Sovereign Debt Crises1,002▲ 58×2 topics
  11. Negotiation992▲ 65×4 topics
  12. Commercial Diplomacy976▲ 193×1 topic
  13. Economic Diplomacy976▲ 193×1 topic
  14. Religion893▲ 4.5×43 topics
  15. Artificial Intelligence889▲ 1.45×62 topics
  16. Regional Development810▲ 5.5×19 topics
  17. Organizational Culture800▲ 4.8×16 topics
  18. Financial Performance799▲ 3.3×16 topics
  19. Ethics774▲ 3.6×58 topics
  20. Innovation Management742▲ 11×9 topics
  21. Small and Medium Enterprises722▲ 9.5×10 topics
  22. Agricultural Sustainability716▲ 15×6 topics
  23. Rural Tourism696▲ 52×3 topics
  24. Leadership Emergence693▲ 117×1 topic
  25. Identity680▲ 2.2×75 topics
  26. Resilience629▲ 3.0×17 topics
  27. Climate Change Impact621▲ 6.3×8 topics
  28. Environmental Policy580▲ 6.7×14 topics
  29. Water Quality Monitoring549▲ 16×3 topics
  30. Hydrological Analysis530▲ 34×2 topics
  31. Socio-economic Factors524▲ 11×3 topics
  32. Water Resources Management523▲ 92×2 topics
  33. Global Water Resources517▲ 127×1 topic
  34. Integrated Management517▲ 127×1 topic
  35. Media478▲ 7.4×18 topics
  36. Spirituality468▲ 11×7 topics
  37. Social Change455▲ 8.6×19 topics
  38. Cultural Integration449▲ 4.9×3 topics
  39. Communication Technology422▲ 79×1 topic
  40. Youth Subcultures422▲ 79×1 topic

Ethiopia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology3,660▲ 1.85×137 topics
  2. Climate Change3,512▲ 2.6×115 topics
  3. Sustainability2,509▲ 2.1×109 topics
  4. Maternal Mortality1,469▲ 13×5 topics
  5. Sustainable Agriculture1,335▲ 8.7×17 topics
  6. Public Health1,292▲ 1.79×65 topics
  7. Child Development1,276▲ 6.3×8 topics
  8. Environmental Impact1,216▲ 1.44×69 topics
  9. Health Inequalities1,210▲ 20×5 topics
  10. Adaptation1,145▲ 7.7×14 topics
  11. Community Health Workers1,145▲ 26×2 topics
  12. Socio-economic Factors1,109▲ 20×3 topics
  13. Child Mortality1,108▲ 31×1 topic
  14. Health Systems1,108▲ 31×1 topic
  15. Genetic Diversity1,032▲ 4.8×22 topics
  16. Remote Sensing1,030▲ 1.70×39 topics
  17. Global Burden of Disease1,015▲ 8.3×4 topics
  18. Smallholder Farmers1,014▲ 9.7×6 topics
  19. Cardiovascular Disease996▲ 1.76×39 topics
  20. Land Use Change973▲ 6.6×8 topics
  21. Maternal and Child Undernutrition939▲ 23×1 topic
  22. Water Sanitation Hygiene939▲ 23×1 topic
  23. Biodiversity Conservation850▲ 4.6×17 topics
  24. Food Security826▲ 3.1×23 topics
  25. Global Burden812▲ 3.0×12 topics
  26. Drought Tolerance749▲ 11×9 topics
  27. Vaccine728▲ 3.7×11 topics
  28. Livelihoods703▲ 41×2 topics
  29. Social Networks690▲ 5.1×12 topics
  30. Rural Development682▲ 4.0×17 topics
  31. Drug Resistance655▲ 4.6×9 topics
  32. Antiretroviral Therapy617▲ 7.6×6 topics
  33. Ecological Knowledge617▲ 29×2 topics
  34. Land Management616▲ 36×2 topics
  35. Pastoralists614▲ 49×1 topic
  36. Rangeland Degradation614▲ 49×1 topic
  37. Breeding529▲ 14×5 topics
  38. Conflict524▲ 6.5×10 topics
  39. Genetic Improvement476▲ 11×4 topics
  40. Agricultural Sustainability475▲ 8.5×6 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Ethiopia has out-published Croatia every year since 2022, when it overtook it.

still counting5k10k15kEthiopia12k in 2025Croatia10k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%Ethiopia0.20% in 2025Croatia0.18% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Ethiopia13.8% in 2025Croatia7.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Croatia 05 level0 Ethiopia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Croatia or Ethiopia?

Ethiopia publishes 1.1× as much research as Croatia in 2022-now (43k against 38k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Croatia or Ethiopia?

13.1% of Ethiopia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.5% for Croatia.

Is Croatia or Ethiopia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +36% against 2018-21 for Ethiopia, and +2% for Croatia.

Which has more open access research, Croatia or Ethiopia?

80% of Ethiopia's research is free to read, against 61% of Croatia's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Croatia or Ethiopia?

Croatia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Ethiopia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Croatia

  1. 1University of Zagreb6.5% top 10% · 14k works
  2. 2University of Split8.1% top 10% · 3.2k works
  3. 3University of Osijek7.3% top 10% · 2.8k works
  4. 4University of Rijeka7.2% top 10% · 3k works
  5. 5University North9.0% top 10% · 597 works
  6. 6Institut za filozofiju3.7% top 10% · 1.5k works

Ethiopia

  1. 1New Generation University College9.8% top 10% · 1k works
  2. 2Jimma University13.7% top 10% · 2.5k works
  3. 3University of Gondar17.8% top 10% · 3k works
  4. 4Bahir Dar University14.1% top 10% · 3k works
  5. 5Arba Minch University13.6% top 10% · 1.4k works
  6. 6Ministry of Education15.3% top 10% · 512 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Croatia

  1. 1 D. Mekterović #10,978 worldwide 52k citations · 552 works
  2. 2 Ozren Polašek #21,112 worldwide 75k citations · 684 works
  3. 3 R. Gupta #26,416 worldwide 7.7k citations · 106 works
  4. 4 G. I. Veres #32,507 worldwide 16k citations · 246 works
  5. 5 T. Virdee #36,724 worldwide 11k citations · 145 works

Ethiopia

  1. 1 Hadush Negash Meles #16,043 worldwide 11k citations · 69 works
  2. 2 Addisu Dagnaw Melese #17,267 worldwide 59k citations · 72 works
  3. 3 Sofonias Kifle Tessema #19,123 worldwide 3.7k citations · 120 works
  4. 4 Semaw Ferede Abera #19,266 worldwide 118k citations · 94 works
  5. 5 Gebre Teklemariam Demoz #20,104 worldwide 74k citations · 71 works