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Estonia vs Qatar

On research quality in 2022-now, Estonia ranks #44 in the world and Qatar #46, of 189 countries. Estonia stands higher in 9 of the 17 fields both publish in, Qatar in 8.

Research profiles alike: -0.49different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Estonia

World rank, 2022-now
#44
#52 all time
Works, 2022-now
11k
fractional
Top-10% rate
10.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
47%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Paleontology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Oceanography.

Qatar

World rank, 2022-now
#46
#48 all time
Works, 2022-now
18k
fractional
Top-10% rate
15.0%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
55%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Microbiology, General Energy, Issues, ethics and legal aspects.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Qatar leads on 7 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Estonia leads on 1 of 9 measures: research quality. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Estonia 11 level7 Qatar
  1. #44Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#46
  2. 1.00×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.17×
  3. 11kOutputfractional works, 2022-now18k
  4. 10.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited15.0%
  5. 15.8Citations per workall time, per fractional work18.1
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 47%Open accessof its works free to read, all time55%
  8. 31%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time44%
  9. +7%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+25%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Estonia stands higher in 9 of 17 fields, Qatar in 8. Estonia leads most in Arts and Humanities (#36 against #70); Qatar leads most in Health Professions (#44 against #52). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Estonia 98 Qatar
  1. #42Agricultural and Biological Sciences#69
  2. #36Arts and Humanities#70
  3. #35Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#49
  4. #54Business, Management and Accounting#49
  5. #41Computer Science#44
  6. #45Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  7. #51Economics, Econometrics and Finance#53
  8. -Energy#37
  9. #47Engineering#41
  10. #51Environmental Science#47
  11. #52Health Professions#44
  12. #52Materials Science#50
  13. #41Medicine#36
  14. -Neuroscience#39
  15. #47Physics and Astronomy-
  16. #37Psychology#48
  17. #46Social Sciences#48

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Estonia rankQatar rank Estonia top 10%Qatar top 10% Estonia worksQatar works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #42 #69 12.5% 17.5% 664 370
Arts and Humanities #36 #70 12.8% 16.9% 697 245
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #35 #49 10.6% 12.8% 542 854
Business, Management and Accounting #54 #49 13.1% 22.6% 382 600
Computer Science #41 #44 10.5% 18.5% 1k 1.4k
Earth and Planetary Sciences #45 - 8.4% - 278 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #51 #53 12.2% 18.9% 226 414
Energy - #37 - 16.0% - 335
Engineering #47 #41 9.5% 15.6% 1.6k 2.7k
Environmental Science #51 #47 10.1% 17.9% 751 839
Health Professions #52 #44 9.0% 15.1% 272 589
Materials Science #52 #50 4.9% 13.7% 281 469
Medicine #41 #36 10.4% 10.8% 1.1k 5.3k
Neuroscience - #39 - 13.8% - 235
Physics and Astronomy #47 - 11.9% - 307 -
Psychology #37 #48 8.5% 15.4% 564 538
Social Sciences #46 #48 13.4% 19.4% 1.9k 2k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Estonia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change634▲ 1.77×116 topics
  2. Machine Learning470◆ 1.07×89 topics
  3. Sustainability396▲ 1.23×118 topics
  4. Globalization383▲ 1.48×145 topics
  5. Deep Learning323▼ 0.71×81 topics
  6. Artificial Intelligence237▲ 1.26×59 topics
  7. Environmental Impact236◆ 1.05×68 topics
  8. Renewable Energy227▲ 1.19×53 topics
  9. Big Data222▲ 1.76×31 topics
  10. Social Media219▲ 1.20×36 topics
  11. Education216◆ 0.96×120 topics
  12. Biodiversity210▲ 2.1×35 topics
  13. Public Health193◆ 1.00×63 topics
  14. Identity188▲ 1.97×67 topics
  15. Ethics174▲ 2.6×53 topics
  16. Invasive Species168▲ 3.0×21 topics
  17. Internet of Things149▲ 1.32×24 topics
  18. Security146▲ 1.65×27 topics
  19. Power Electronics145▲ 3.4×8 topics
  20. Ecosystem Functioning138▲ 5.1×7 topics
  21. Renewable Energy Integration135▲ 3.1×6 topics
  22. Religion129▲ 2.1×41 topics
  23. Conservation128▲ 2.3×24 topics
  24. European Union124▲ 4.2×26 topics
  25. International Relations123▲ 3.9×26 topics
  26. Governance114▲ 2.6×19 topics
  27. Migration113▲ 2.5×28 topics
  28. Global Change104▲ 3.0×7 topics
  29. Corpus Linguistics98▲ 3.5×5 topics
  30. Trust97▲ 2.7×11 topics
  31. Model Predictive Control96▲ 2.9×6 topics
  32. Habitat Fragmentation90▲ 3.1×5 topics
  33. European Integration87▲ 12×6 topics
  34. Ecosystem Resilience79▲ 3.9×5 topics
  35. Soviet Union77▲ 11×3 topics
  36. Accountability76▲ 4.6×4 topics
  37. Folklore74▲ 11×3 topics
  38. Literary Analysis73▲ 28×2 topics
  39. Diplomacy70▲ 5.7×8 topics
  40. Eastern Europe62▲ 9.0×3 topics

Qatar

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,225▲ 1.49×137 topics
  2. Machine Learning896▲ 1.31×94 topics
  3. Deep Learning792◆ 1.12×84 topics
  4. Sustainability571◆ 1.14×101 topics
  5. Renewable Energy557▲ 1.87×50 topics
  6. Inflammation538▲ 1.23×83 topics
  7. Healthcare412▲ 1.75×38 topics
  8. Cardiovascular Disease411▲ 1.75×39 topics
  9. Quality of Life389▲ 1.31×58 topics
  10. Environmental Impact386◆ 1.10×65 topics
  11. Treatment380▲ 1.52×52 topics
  12. COVID-19377▲ 1.41×34 topics
  13. Public Health361▲ 1.20×66 topics
  14. Oxidative Stress348◆ 1.03×63 topics
  15. Diagnosis344▲ 1.79×41 topics
  16. Mental Health319◆ 1.08×47 topics
  17. Metabolic Syndrome316▲ 1.90×24 topics
  18. Risk Factors316▲ 1.40×37 topics
  19. Neural Networks315◆ 0.99×41 topics
  20. Pandemic306▲ 1.50×14 topics
  21. Supply Chain Management286▲ 1.55×25 topics
  22. Depression283▲ 1.57×26 topics
  23. Management257▲ 1.57×38 topics
  24. Energy Efficiency250▲ 1.32×39 topics
  25. Security233▲ 1.69×27 topics
  26. Mortality230▲ 1.97×13 topics
  27. Risk Management221▲ 2.3×18 topics
  28. Complications208▲ 2.0×17 topics
  29. Diabetes195▲ 1.89×22 topics
  30. SARS-CoV-2186▲ 3.0×6 topics
  31. Smart Grid185▲ 2.5×10 topics
  32. Social Networks181▲ 3.2×12 topics
  33. Renewable Energy Integration174▲ 2.6×5 topics
  34. Middle East154▲ 12×2 topics
  35. ACE2 Receptor147▲ 3.2×3 topics
  36. Human Resource Management145▲ 4.6×6 topics
  37. Localization140▲ 5.7×4 topics
  38. Guanxi127▲ 29×1 topic
  39. Wasta127▲ 29×1 topic
  40. Genocide103▲ 9.5×3 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Qatar has out-published Estonia every year since 2016, when it overtook it.

still counting2k4k6kQatar5,266 in 2025Estonia3,047 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.050%0.10%Qatar0.090% in 2025Estonia0.052% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%Qatar13.9% in 2025Estonia10.7% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Estonia 03 level2 Qatar
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 1In the top 1,0002
  5. #41Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#36

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Estonia or Qatar?

Qatar publishes 1.6× as much research as Estonia in 2022-now (18k against 11k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Estonia or Qatar?

15.0% of Qatar's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 10.9% for Estonia.

Is Estonia or Qatar growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +25% against 2018-21 for Qatar, and +7% for Estonia.

Which has more open access research, Estonia or Qatar?

55% of Qatar's research is free to read, against 47% of Estonia's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Estonia or Qatar?

Estonia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Qatar 0; in the top 1,000 it is 1 against 2.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Estonia

  1. 1University of Tartu11.4% top 10% · 4.2k works
  2. 2Tallinn University of Technology10.7% top 10% · 2.6k works
  3. 3Praxis6.3% top 10% · 986 works
  4. 4Tallinn University12.0% top 10% · 1.1k works
  5. 5Estonian University of Life Sciences11.5% top 10% · 562 works
  6. 6National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics16.0% top 10% · 170 works

Qatar

  1. 1Qatar University19.2% top 10% · 6k works
  2. 2Hamad bin Khalifa University18.5% top 10% · 2.4k works
  3. 3Qatar Foundation22.2% top 10% · 667 works
  4. 4Primary Health Care6.4% top 10% · 961 works
  5. 5Qatar Science and Technology Park20.0% top 10% · 359 works
  6. 6Doha Institute for Graduate Studies24.6% top 10% · 321 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Estonia

  1. 1 Tõnu Esko #672 worldwide 156k citations · 825 works
  2. 2 Leho Tedersoo #1,145 worldwide 66k citations · 375 works
  3. 3 Lili A. Milani #1,515 worldwide 75k citations · 479 works
  4. 4 Reedik Mägi #1,607 worldwide 91k citations · 582 works
  5. 5 Andres Metspalu #2,577 worldwide 134k citations · 841 works

Qatar

  1. 1 Mowafa Said Househ #3,730 worldwide 72k citations · 395 works
  2. 2 Alaa Ali Abd-Alrazaq #3,958 worldwide 8.1k citations · 190 works
  3. 3 Hamzeh Adel Al Amosh #7,255 worldwide 2.4k citations · 81 works
  4. 4 Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad #12,545 worldwide 139k citations · 614 works
  5. 5 Riyazuddin Mohammad Shaik #14,987 worldwide 5.8k citations · 105 works