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Ghana vs Lesotho

On research quality in 2022-now, Ghana ranks #58 in the world and Lesotho #164, of 189 countries. Ghana stands higher in 19 of the 19 fields both publish in, Lesotho in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.79very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Ghana

World rank, 2022-now
#58
#68 all time
Works, 2022-now
27k
fractional
Top-10% rate
10.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
65%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Library and Information Sciences, Horticulture, Research and Theory.

Lesotho

World rank, 2022-now
#164
#158 all time
Works, 2022-now
516
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.0%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
56%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Archeology, Equine, Linguistics and Language.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Ghana leads on 7 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work, open access and international co-authorship. Lesotho leads on 1 of 9 measures: growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Ghana 71 level1 Lesotho
  1. #58Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#164
  2. 1.00×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.85×
  3. 27kOutputfractional works, 2022-now516
  4. 10.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.0%
  5. 12.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work8.1
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 65%Open accessof its works free to read, all time56%
  8. 33%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time26%
  9. +42%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+52%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Ghana stands higher in 19 of 19 fields, Lesotho in 0. Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Ghana rankLesotho rank Ghana top 10%Lesotho top 10% Ghana worksLesotho works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #43 - 11.0% - 2.3k -
Arts and Humanities #55 - 11.5% - 746 -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #61 - 9.3% - 637 -
Business, Management and Accounting #46 - 12.9% - 2.3k -
Computer Science #62 - 10.8% - 1.4k -
Decision Sciences #45 - 9.5% - 458 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #58 - 11.4% - 207 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #41 - 13.1% - 1.6k -
Energy #57 - 9.8% - 235 -
Engineering #72 - 8.0% - 1.7k -
Environmental Science #52 - 9.1% - 1.9k -
Health Professions #42 - 13.2% - 1.1k -
Immunology and Microbiology #40 - 12.1% - 295 -
Materials Science #70 - 7.5% - 206 -
Mathematics #60 - 11.1% - 277 -
Medicine #58 - 10.1% - 4.3k -
Nursing #40 - 11.6% - 396 -
Psychology #58 - 8.7% - 1k -
Social Sciences #59 - 11.6% - 5k -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Ghana

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,614▲ 1.30×136 topics
  2. Sustainability1,476▲ 1.93×109 topics
  3. Climate Change1,179▲ 1.39×111 topics
  4. Globalization1,054▲ 1.72×132 topics
  5. Environmental Impact932▲ 1.75×67 topics
  6. Renewable Energy815▲ 1.80×53 topics
  7. Sustainable Development808▲ 1.65×89 topics
  8. Education786▲ 1.46×101 topics
  9. Economic Growth786▲ 3.1×34 topics
  10. Social Capital700▲ 4.3×21 topics
  11. Public Health690▲ 1.52×65 topics
  12. Mental Health661▲ 1.48×43 topics
  13. Risk Management650▲ 4.4×18 topics
  14. Supply Chain Management597▲ 2.1×26 topics
  15. Maternal Mortality544▲ 7.8×5 topics
  16. Corporate Governance529▲ 2.3×27 topics
  17. Poverty Reduction517▲ 13×7 topics
  18. Consumer Behavior514▲ 2.6×18 topics
  19. Community Health Workers479▲ 17×2 topics
  20. Biodiversity Conservation456▲ 3.9×17 topics
  21. Health Inequalities456▲ 12×5 topics
  22. Urbanization456▲ 3.6×13 topics
  23. Child Development449▲ 3.5×8 topics
  24. Leadership447▲ 2.9×35 topics
  25. Socio-economic Factors435▲ 12×3 topics
  26. Child Mortality432▲ 19×1 topic
  27. Health Systems432▲ 19×1 topic
  28. Smallholder Farmers429▲ 6.5×6 topics
  29. Social Networks417▲ 4.9×13 topics
  30. Governance412▲ 4.0×15 topics
  31. Development397▲ 3.6×19 topics
  32. Sustainable Agriculture395▲ 4.1×15 topics
  33. Gender Inequality381▲ 8.8×6 topics
  34. Global Burden of Disease372▲ 4.8×4 topics
  35. Poverty Alleviation372▲ 12×3 topics
  36. Vulnerability370▲ 5.1×8 topics
  37. ICT305▲ 7.3×5 topics
  38. Maternal and Child Undernutrition305▲ 12×1 topic
  39. Water Sanitation Hygiene305▲ 12×1 topic
  40. Institutional Quality302▲ 9.2×3 topics

Lesotho

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization35▲ 3.1×43 topics
  2. Human Rights27▲ 4.5×33 topics
  3. Colonialism25▲ 9.1×11 topics
  4. Education23▲ 2.3×29 topics
  5. Mental Health21▲ 2.6×19 topics
  6. Higher Education20▲ 6.5×12 topics
  7. Economic Growth18▲ 3.9×16 topics
  8. Poverty Reduction18▲ 24×5 topics
  9. Nationalism18▲ 6.9×6 topics
  10. Social Justice16▲ 4.5×19 topics
  11. Technology Integration14▲ 7.9×6 topics
  12. Social Capital14▲ 4.7×12 topics
  13. Development14▲ 6.6×13 topics
  14. Teacher Training14▲ 3.8×10 topics
  15. Gender Equality13▲ 8.0×10 topics
  16. Political Economy13▲ 8.6×9 topics
  17. Social Impact12▲ 5.5×6 topics
  18. Gender Inequality12▲ 15×5 topics
  19. Multilingualism12▲ 12×3 topics
  20. Bilingual Education11▲ 17×2 topics
  21. Language Policy11▲ 14×2 topics
  22. Reflective Practice11▲ 10×5 topics
  23. Professional Development11▲ 9.2×8 topics
  24. Teacher Professional Development11▲ 11×4 topics
  25. Student Perceptions11▲ 10×7 topics
  26. Governance10▲ 5.3×8 topics
  27. Conditional Cash Transfers10▲ 48×1 topic
  28. School Subsidies10▲ 48×1 topic
  29. Sociolinguistics10▲ 9.3×3 topics
  30. Lifelong Learning10▲ 7.9×7 topics
  31. South Africa9▲ 56×4 topics
  32. Judicial Review9▲ 18×2 topics
  33. Inequality9▲ 6.6×4 topics
  34. Antiretroviral Therapy8▲ 8.9×6 topics
  35. Environmental Governance8▲ 21×4 topics
  36. Land Reform8▲ 30×2 topics
  37. Equality8▲ 24×4 topics
  38. Legal Research8▲ 12×2 topics
  39. Consumer Protection8▲ 31×2 topics
  40. Public Participation8▲ 61×2 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Ghana has out-published Lesotho every year since 1980.

still counting2.5k5k7.5kGhana7,317 in 2025Lesotho132 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Ghana0.12% in 2025Lesotho0.0022% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%Ghana11.1% in 2025Lesotho7.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Ghana 05 level0 Lesotho
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Ghana or Lesotho?

Ghana publishes 51.6× as much research as Lesotho in 2022-now (27k against 516 fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Ghana or Lesotho?

10.8% of Ghana's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 7.0% for Lesotho.

Is Ghana or Lesotho growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +52% against 2018-21 for Lesotho, and +42% for Ghana.

Which has more open access research, Ghana or Lesotho?

65% of Ghana's research is free to read, against 56% of Lesotho's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Ghana or Lesotho?

Ghana holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Lesotho 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Ghana

  1. 1University of Ghana11.0% top 10% · 5.3k works
  2. 2University of Cape Coast12.8% top 10% · 2.8k works
  3. 3Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology10.8% top 10% · 4.5k works
  4. 4University for Development Studies11.1% top 10% · 1.9k works
  5. 5University of Education, Winneba8.0% top 10% · 1.4k works
  6. 6Takoradi Technical University13.8% top 10% · 404 works

Lesotho

  1. 1National University of Lesotho6.7% top 10% · 482 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Ghana

  1. 1 Richard Gyan Aboagye #22,347 worldwide 39k citations · 250 works
  2. 2 Emmanuel Joel Aikins Abakah #27,882 worldwide 4.7k citations · 132 works
  3. 3 Martin Amogre Ayanore #33,207 worldwide 54k citations · 181 works
  4. 4 Robert Kokou Dowou #33,244 worldwide 25k citations · 109 works
  5. 5 Hubert Amu #37,771 worldwide 49k citations · 190 works

Lesotho

  1. 1 Rethabile Rosemary Molefi #560,261 worldwide 518 citations · 24 works
  2. 2 John Batani #1,060,934 worldwide 1.2k citations · 55 works
  3. 3 Lucy Nthabiseng Makoae #1,254,679 worldwide 1.6k citations · 23 works
  4. 4 Makhulu Alice Makumane #1,641,636 worldwide 171 citations · 27 works
  5. 5 Ramaele Moshoeshoe #2,029,182 worldwide 69 citations · 18 works