Multilingual Education and Policy

Multilingual Education and Policy is a research topic within Linguistics and Language. Science Explorer counts 40k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the concept of translanguaging pedagogy in multilingual education, focusing on the fluid and dynamic use of multiple languages in educational settings. It delves into language policy, bilingual education, heritage language maintenance, and the sociolinguistic aspects of language use and rights. The cluster also addresses cultural sustaining pedagogy and the impact of language ideologies on educational practices.

Translanguaging
Multilingualism
Language Policy
Bilingual Education
Cultural Sustaining Pedagogy
Language Ideologies
Heritage Language Maintenance
Sociolinguistics
Language Rights
Linguistic Landscape

Research works: 40k
In the world top 10%: 4.1k
Top-10% rate: 10.1%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25: +25%
Largest producer: United States

Multilingual Education and Policy

Which countries lead Multilingual Education and Policy research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (2.1k and 812 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

1 United States 2.1k works
2 China 812 works
3 Indonesia 569 works
4 United Kingdom 565 works
5 Australia 376 works
6 South Africa 351 works
7 Canada 341 works
8 Germany 299 works
9 Spain 259 works
10 Philippines 220 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States2,107 · 35.7%China812 · 13.8%Indonesia569 · 9.6%United Kingdom565 · 9.6%6 others listed1,847 · 31.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Multilingual Education and Policy research?

By volume in 2022-now, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most Multilingual Education and Policy research, followed by University of British Columbia and Education University of Hong Kong.

By volume, 2022-now

1 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 55 works
2 University of British ColumbiaCanada 49 works
3 Education University of Hong KongChina 45 works
4 University of TorontoCanada 45 works
5 Monash UniversityAustralia 44 works
6 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 42 works
7 University of South AfricaSouth Africa 41 works
8 University of HelsinkiFinland 41 works
9 University of Hong KongChina 38 works
10 University of MalayaMalaysia 37 works

Who are the leading researchers in Multilingual Education and Policy?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Multilingual Education and Policy include Pierre Bourdıeu, Michel Foucault and Noam Chomsky.

1 Pierre Bourdıeu France 268k citations
2 Michel Foucault France 208k citations
3 Noam Chomsky United States 141k citations
4 Michael Tomasello Germany 135k citations
5 Herbert W. Marsh Australia 128k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Multilingual Education and Policy?

The most cited paper in Multilingual Education and Policy is "Ways with Words: Language, Life and Work in Communities and Classrooms" (Michael Paffard, Shirley Brice Heath, 1984), with 4,960 citations. Next come "Identity and interaction: a sociocultural linguistic approach" (3,778) and "Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy" (3,282).

Most cited papers
#	Paper	Released	Citations
1	Ways with Words: Language, Life and Work in Communities and Classrooms Michael Paffard, Shirley Brice Heath · British Journal of Educational Studies	Jun 1984	4,960
2	Identity and interaction: a sociocultural linguistic approach Mary Bucholtz, Kira Hall · Discourse Studies Open access	Oct 2005	3,778
3	Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy Django Paris · Educational Researcher Open access	29 Mar 2012	3,282
4	Linguistic Interdependence and the Educational Development of Bilingual Children James Cummins · Review of Educational Research Open access	Jun 1979	3,166
5	Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience1 William Labov, Joshua Waletzky · Journal of Narrative and Life History	1997	2,908

All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Multilingual Education and Policy research done?

The largest centres of Multilingual Education and Policy research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), New York (United States), Beijing (China) and Melbourne (Australia). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Tai Po.

Largest cities, 2022-now

1 LondonUnited Kingdom 113 works
2 New YorkUnited States 97 works
3 BeijingChina 97 works
4 MelbourneAustralia 97 works
5 Hong KongChina 92 works
6 SydneyAustralia 86 works
7 PretoriaSouth Africa 82 works
8 ShanghaiChina 78 works
9 TorontoCanada 71 works
10 Kuala LumpurMalaysia 70 works

Where it is the local speciality

Tai PoCN · 45.8 works29×

← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Multilingual Education and Policy than the world average.

See Multilingual Education and Policy on the map

Where is the best place to study Multilingual Education and Policy?

Among universities, judged by research, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Polytechnic University and Nazarbayev University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged

40%

Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share

10%

Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale

30%

Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%

10%

Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad

10%

Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.

#	University	Score	Top 10%	Specialisation	Works	Growth
1	Education University of Hong KongChina	85.2	35.7%	34.2×	45	+58.5%
2	Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina	76.3	28.9%	4.7×	37	+39.3%
3	Nazarbayev UniversityKazakhstan	72.3	37.4%	10.6×	14	+119.4%
4	Chinese University of Hong KongChina	71.1	28.6%	4.2×	28	+34.9%
5	Curtin UniversityAustralia	70.5	31.3%	7.1×	20	+26.8%
6	Macquarie UniversityAustralia	70.0	27.9%	8.2×	28	+32.4%
7	University College LondonUnited Kingdom	68.4	25.9%	2.9×	42	+1.1%
8	Prince of Songkla UniversityThailand	66.8	28.1%	9.6×	20	+146.8%
9	University of British ColumbiaCanada	66.1	22.0%	4.5×	49	-8.5%
10	University of Hong KongChina	65.6	28.5%	4.5×	38	-25.3%
11	University of AucklandNew Zealand	64.9	18.5%	6.9×	34	+78.3%
12	University of the Basque CountrySpain	64.9	22.2%	6.2×	27	+87.4%
13	Shantou UniversityChina	64.6	39.0%	5.0×	10	+18.3%
14	Michigan State UniversityUnited States	64.5	24.0%	4.9×	33	+15.7%
15	University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom	64.0	21.3%	3.0×	32	+43.8%
16	Monash UniversityAustralia	63.9	15.6%	5.0×	44	+11.1%
17	University of JyväskyläFinland	62.5	15.8%	16.0×	26	+49.3%
18	Arizona State UniversityUnited States	61.8	23.5%	4.6×	28	+19.1%
19	University of BergenNorway	60.2	24.0%	5.4×	16	+77.8%
20	University of TorontoCanada	60.0	10.6%	2.4×	45	+10.3%
21	University of WarwickUnited Kingdom	59.6	22.4%	4.3×	18	+58.9%
22	North-West UniversitySouth Africa	59.2	12.7%	14.4×	37	+101.8%
23	University of MalayaMalaysia	58.7	9.0%	7.3×	38	+72.0%
24	University of HelsinkiFinland	57.9	7.6%	6.4×	41	+48.4%
25	University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUnited States	57.7	14.9%	3.6×	29	+28.6%
26	The University of SydneyAustralia	57.5	16.3%	2.6×	29	+41.4%
27	McGill UniversityCanada	57.4	18.1%	2.3×	21	+16.9%
28	University of South AfricaSouth Africa	57.3	8.5%	10.5×	41	+34.5%
29	Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore	57.3	11.1%	4.8×	35	-4.1%
30	University of EdinburghUnited Kingdom	57.0	13.8%	3.6×	29	+48.9%
31	The University of MelbourneAustralia	56.4	23.6%	3.4×	34	-28.2%
32	University of MacauChina	55.8	17.3%	7.3×	21	+5.0%
33	University of Inland NorwayNorway	55.6	15.4%	36.8×	18	+178.3%
34	The University of Texas at San AntonioUnited States	54.9	31.6%	7.3×	21	-26.2%
35	UNSW SydneyAustralia	54.9	25.7%	2.1×	18	+8.0%
36	The Ohio State UniversityUnited States	54.7	21.3%	2.6×	29	+15.9%
37	University of the WitwatersrandSouth Africa	54.6	10.1%	6.8×	26	+40.0%
38	Shanghai International Studies UniversityChina	54.5	19.3%	20.9×	18	+128.6%
39	Queen's University BelfastUnited Kingdom	54.1	38.1%	3.0×	9	+90.4%
40	Ghent UniversityBelgium	53.8	14.2%	3.0×	21	+24.7%
41	University of Dar es SalaamTanzania	51.6	12.0%	22.2×	25	+101.9%
42	City University of Hong KongChina	50.6	34.3%	2.2×	12	-21.7%
43	King Khalid UniversitySaudi Arabia	50.4	13.7%	4.1×	14	+40.6%
44	Beijing Foreign Studies UniversityChina	49.4	14.7%	32.1×	17	+181.8%
45	Southeast UniversityChina	46.8	32.1%	0.6×	8	+409.4%
46	University of the Free StateSouth Africa	46.7	7.2%	10.5×	22	+51.0%
47	University of MissouriUnited States	46.0	32.7%	2.3×	8	+97.1%
48	Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic UniversitySaudi Arabia	44.7	17.5%	4.9×	8	+34.5%
49	Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversitySaudi Arabia	36.5	4.6%	4.8×	11	+130.2%
50	King Saud UniversitySaudi Arabia	22.7	2.1%	1.4×	12	-18.9%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Multilingual Education and Policy, country by country

Is Multilingual Education and Policy research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 25% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Multilingual Education and Policy.

grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Multilingual Education and Policy as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.042% in 2024.

Fractional works of Multilingual Education and Policy over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

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Which countries lead Multilingual Education and Policy research?

By volume, 2022-now

How concentrated that is

Which institutions lead Multilingual Education and Policy research?

By volume, 2022-now

Who are the leading researchers in Multilingual Education and Policy?

What are the most cited papers in Multilingual Education and Policy?

Where is Multilingual Education and Policy research done?

Largest cities, 2022-now

Where it is the local speciality

Where is the best place to study Multilingual Education and Policy?

Is Multilingual Education and Policy research growing?

Its share of all research

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Which topics inside it are moving

Related research

Discussion