Ghana vs Malawi
On research quality in 2022-now, Ghana ranks #58 in the world and Malawi #61, of 189 countries. Ghana stands higher in 18 of the 19 fields both publish in, Malawi in 1.
Research profiles alike: 0.93very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Ghana
- World rank, 2022-now
- #58
- #68 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 27k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 10.8%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 65%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Library and Information Sciences, Horticulture, Research and Theory.
Malawi
- World rank, 2022-now
- #61
- #55 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 3k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 9.5%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 63%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Forestry, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Parasitology.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Ghana leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, output, top-10% rate and open access. Malawi leads on 4 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.
- #58Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#61
- 1.00×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.12×
- 27kOutputfractional works, 2022-now3k
- 10.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited9.5%
- 12.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work16.6
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 65%Open accessof its works free to read, all time63%
- 33%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time49%
- +42%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+46%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Ghana stands higher in 18 of 19 fields, Malawi in 1. Ghana leads most in Environmental Science (#52 against #72); Malawi leads most in Medicine (#45 against #58). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- #43Agricultural and Biological Sciences#51
- #55Arts and Humanities-
- #61Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-
- #46Business, Management and Accounting-
- #62Computer Science-
- #45Decision Sciences-
- #58Earth and Planetary Sciences-
- #41Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
- #57Energy-
- #72Engineering-
- #52Environmental Science#72
- #42Health Professions-
- #40Immunology and Microbiology-
- #70Materials Science-
- #60Mathematics-
- #58Medicine#45
- #40Nursing-
- #58Psychology-
- #59Social Sciences#65
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Ghana rank | Malawi rank | Ghana top 10% | Malawi top 10% | Ghana works | Malawi works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | #43 | #51 | 11.0% | 11.7% | 2.3k | 336 |
| Arts and Humanities | #55 | - | 11.5% | - | 746 | - |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | #61 | - | 9.3% | - | 637 | - |
| Business, Management and Accounting | #46 | - | 12.9% | - | 2.3k | - |
| Computer Science | #62 | - | 10.8% | - | 1.4k | - |
| Decision Sciences | #45 | - | 9.5% | - | 458 | - |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | #58 | - | 11.4% | - | 207 | - |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | #41 | - | 13.1% | - | 1.6k | - |
| Energy | #57 | - | 9.8% | - | 235 | - |
| Engineering | #72 | - | 8.0% | - | 1.7k | - |
| Environmental Science | #52 | #72 | 9.1% | 7.4% | 1.9k | 275 |
| Health Professions | #42 | - | 13.2% | - | 1.1k | - |
| Immunology and Microbiology | #40 | - | 12.1% | - | 295 | - |
| Materials Science | #70 | - | 7.5% | - | 206 | - |
| Mathematics | #60 | - | 11.1% | - | 277 | - |
| Medicine | #58 | #45 | 10.1% | 11.8% | 4.3k | 641 |
| Nursing | #40 | - | 11.6% | - | 396 | - |
| Psychology | #58 | - | 8.7% | - | 1k | - |
| Social Sciences | #59 | #65 | 11.6% | 8.2% | 5k | 534 |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Ghana
- Institutional Quality
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition
- Vulnerability
- Global Burden of Disease
- Sustainable Agriculture
- Governance
- Smallholder Farmers
- Child Mortality
- Leadership
- Urbanization
- Biodiversity Conservation
- Consumer Behavior
- Corporate Governance
- Supply Chain Management
- Mental Health
- Social Capital
- Education
- Renewable Energy
- Globalization
- Sustainability
- Epidemiology
- Climate Change
- Environmental Impact
- Sustainable Development
- Economic Growth
- Public Health
- Risk Management
- Maternal Mortality
- Poverty Reduction
- Community Health Workers
- Health Inequalities
- Child Development
- Socio-economic Factors
- Health Systems
- Social Networks
- Development
- Gender Inequality
- Poverty Alleviation
- ICT
- Water Sanitation Hygiene
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology1,614▲ 1.30×136 topics
- Sustainability1,476▲ 1.93×109 topics
- Climate Change1,179▲ 1.39×111 topics
- Globalization1,054▲ 1.72×132 topics
- Environmental Impact932▲ 1.75×67 topics
- Renewable Energy815▲ 1.80×53 topics
- Sustainable Development808▲ 1.65×89 topics
- Education786▲ 1.46×101 topics
- Economic Growth786▲ 3.1×34 topics
- Social Capital700▲ 4.3×21 topics
- Public Health690▲ 1.52×65 topics
- Mental Health661▲ 1.48×43 topics
- Risk Management650▲ 4.4×18 topics
- Supply Chain Management597▲ 2.1×26 topics
- Maternal Mortality544▲ 7.8×5 topics
- Corporate Governance529▲ 2.3×27 topics
- Poverty Reduction517▲ 13×7 topics
- Consumer Behavior514▲ 2.6×18 topics
- Community Health Workers479▲ 17×2 topics
- Biodiversity Conservation456▲ 3.9×17 topics
- Health Inequalities456▲ 12×5 topics
- Urbanization456▲ 3.6×13 topics
- Child Development449▲ 3.5×8 topics
- Leadership447▲ 2.9×35 topics
- Socio-economic Factors435▲ 12×3 topics
- Child Mortality432▲ 19×1 topic
- Health Systems432▲ 19×1 topic
- Smallholder Farmers429▲ 6.5×6 topics
- Social Networks417▲ 4.9×13 topics
- Governance412▲ 4.0×15 topics
- Development397▲ 3.6×19 topics
- Sustainable Agriculture395▲ 4.1×15 topics
- Gender Inequality381▲ 8.8×6 topics
- Global Burden of Disease372▲ 4.8×4 topics
- Poverty Alleviation372▲ 12×3 topics
- Vulnerability370▲ 5.1×8 topics
- ICT305▲ 7.3×5 topics
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition305▲ 12×1 topic
- Water Sanitation Hygiene305▲ 12×1 topic
- Institutional Quality302▲ 9.2×3 topics
Malawi
- Global Health
- Livelihood Diversification
- Preexposure Prophylaxis
- Vulnerability
- Gender Inequality
- Water Sanitation Hygiene
- Technology Adoption
- Global Burden of Disease
- Colonialism
- Poverty Reduction
- Rural Development
- Food Security
- Child Development
- Health Systems
- Biodiversity
- Health Inequalities
- Community Health Workers
- Maternal Mortality
- Globalization
- Climate Change
- Epidemiology
- Sustainability
- Environmental Impact
- Sustainable Agriculture
- Antiretroviral Therapy
- Socio-economic Factors
- Child Mortality
- Smallholder Farmers
- Social Networks
- Biodiversity Conservation
- Global Burden
- Vaccine
- Genetic Diversity
- Mortality Rates
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition
- HIV Transmission
- Viral Load
- Agricultural Innovation
- Stigma and Discrimination
- Market Participation
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology245▲ 1.73×119 topics
- Climate Change202▲ 2.1×103 topics
- Sustainability141▲ 1.62×81 topics
- Globalization99▲ 1.41×86 topics
- Environmental Impact98▲ 1.61×51 topics
- Maternal Mortality91▲ 11×5 topics
- Sustainable Agriculture88▲ 8.0×13 topics
- Community Health Workers87▲ 28×2 topics
- Antiretroviral Therapy80▲ 14×6 topics
- Health Inequalities76▲ 18×4 topics
- Socio-economic Factors75▲ 19×2 topics
- Biodiversity74▲ 2.8×32 topics
- Child Mortality74▲ 29×1 topic
- Health Systems74▲ 29×1 topic
- Smallholder Farmers73▲ 9.8×6 topics
- Child Development72▲ 5.0×8 topics
- Social Networks70▲ 7.2×9 topics
- Food Security65▲ 3.4×20 topics
- Biodiversity Conservation65▲ 4.8×16 topics
- Rural Development64▲ 5.3×15 topics
- Global Burden62▲ 3.2×12 topics
- Poverty Reduction62▲ 13×5 topics
- Vaccine60▲ 4.2×11 topics
- Colonialism58▲ 3.5×17 topics
- Genetic Diversity58▲ 3.8×20 topics
- Global Burden of Disease57▲ 6.5×4 topics
- Mortality Rates53▲ 16×2 topics
- Technology Adoption53▲ 8.0×6 topics
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition52▲ 18×1 topic
- Water Sanitation Hygiene52▲ 18×1 topic
- HIV Transmission51▲ 19×2 topics
- Gender Inequality48▲ 9.7×6 topics
- Viral Load47▲ 17×2 topics
- Vulnerability47▲ 5.7×8 topics
- Agricultural Innovation44▲ 27×3 topics
- Preexposure Prophylaxis44▲ 26×1 topic
- Stigma and Discrimination44▲ 26×1 topic
- Livelihood Diversification44▲ 39×1 topic
- Market Participation44▲ 39×1 topic
- Global Health42▲ 7.6×6 topics
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Ghana has out-published Malawi every year since 1980.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0000
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Ghana or Malawi?
Ghana publishes 8.8× as much research as Malawi in 2022-now (27k against 3k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Ghana or Malawi?
10.8% of Ghana's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 9.5% for Malawi.
Is Ghana or Malawi growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was +46% against 2018-21 for Malawi, and +42% for Ghana.
Which has more open access research, Ghana or Malawi?
65% of Ghana's research is free to read, against 63% of Malawi's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Ghana or Malawi?
Ghana holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Malawi 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Ghana
- 1University of Ghana11.0% top 10% · 5.3k works
- 2University of Cape Coast12.8% top 10% · 2.8k works
- 3Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology10.8% top 10% · 4.5k works
- 4University for Development Studies11.1% top 10% · 1.9k works
- 5University of Education, Winneba8.0% top 10% · 1.4k works
- 6Takoradi Technical University13.8% top 10% · 404 works
Malawi
- 1University of Malawi9.1% top 10% · 650 works
- 2Kamuzu Central Hospital12.3% top 10% · 279 works
- 3Ministry of Education Science and Technology7.7% top 10% · 312 works
- 4Mzuzu University6.9% top 10% · 241 works
- 5Malawi University of Science and Technology6.9% top 10% · 172 works
- 6Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources11.0% top 10% · 243 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Ghana
- 1 Richard Gyan Aboagye #22,347 worldwide 39k citations · 250 works
- 2 Emmanuel Joel Aikins Abakah #27,882 worldwide 4.7k citations · 132 works
- 3 Martin Amogre Ayanore #33,207 worldwide 54k citations · 181 works
- 4 Robert Kokou Dowou #33,244 worldwide 25k citations · 109 works
- 5 Hubert Amu #37,771 worldwide 49k citations · 190 works
Malawi
- 1 Amelia Catharine Crampin #138,780 worldwide 23k citations · 372 works
- 2 Kelias Phiri Msyamboza #162,077 worldwide 12k citations · 53 works
- 3 Eduard E. Zijlstra #238,180 worldwide 4.8k citations · 91 works
- 4 Elsbeth Robson #239,786 worldwide 3k citations · 121 works
- 5 Felix Khuluza #244,579 worldwide 1.6k citations · 40 works