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Kazakhstan vs Slovenia

On research quality in 2022-now, Slovenia ranks #36 in the world and Kazakhstan #91, of 189 countries. Kazakhstan stands higher in 0 of the 21 fields both publish in, Slovenia in 21.

Research profiles alike: 0.64similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Kazakhstan

World rank, 2022-now
#91
#85 all time
Works, 2022-now
40k
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
68%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Fuel Technology, General Energy, Nuclear Energy and Engineering.

Slovenia

World rank, 2022-now
#36
#35 all time
Works, 2022-now
28k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.0%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
51%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Music, Space and Planetary Science, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Kazakhstan leads on 4 of 9 measures: output, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Slovenia leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, top-10% rate and citations per work. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Kazakhstan 41 level4 Slovenia
  1. #91Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#36
  2. 0.69×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.92×
  3. 40kOutputfractional works, 2022-now28k
  4. 7.7%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited9.0%
  5. 5.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work14.6
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 68%Open accessof its works free to read, all time51%
  8. 30%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time26%
  9. +81%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+6%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Kazakhstan stands higher in 0 of 21 fields, Slovenia in 21. Slovenia leads most in Medicine (#50 against #132). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Kazakhstan 021 Slovenia
  1. #96Agricultural and Biological Sciences#47
  2. #73Arts and Humanities#35
  3. #79Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#34
  4. #91Business, Management and Accounting#40
  5. #67Chemistry#49
  6. #88Computer Science#40
  7. #71Decision Sciences#34
  8. #67Earth and Planetary Sciences#47
  9. #89Economics, Econometrics and Finance#46
  10. #66Energy#56
  11. #77Engineering#45
  12. #91Environmental Science#44
  13. #93Health Professions#48
  14. #64Immunology and Microbiology#42
  15. #59Materials Science#33
  16. #61Mathematics#38
  17. #132Medicine#50
  18. #58Neuroscience#38
  19. #59Physics and Astronomy#31
  20. #82Psychology#42
  21. #74Social Sciences#38

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Kazakhstan rankSlovenia rank Kazakhstan top 10%Slovenia top 10% Kazakhstan worksSlovenia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #96 #47 8.7% 9.8% 2.8k 1.1k
Arts and Humanities #73 #35 10.0% 9.4% 1.5k 1.5k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #79 #34 6.5% 9.7% 1.1k 1.4k
Business, Management and Accounting #91 #40 8.2% 10.0% 1.4k 1.1k
Chemistry #67 #49 4.2% 7.9% 500 421
Computer Science #88 #40 8.6% 9.4% 3.3k 2k
Decision Sciences #71 #34 7.4% 10.7% 316 300
Earth and Planetary Sciences #67 #47 6.3% 7.4% 608 419
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #89 #46 7.7% 9.4% 1.5k 957
Energy #66 #56 6.0% 6.4% 522 255
Engineering #77 #45 6.6% 8.1% 7.1k 3.8k
Environmental Science #91 #44 6.8% 7.3% 1.8k 1.5k
Health Professions #93 #48 8.2% 8.3% 708 650
Immunology and Microbiology #64 #42 6.8% 8.2% 232 213
Materials Science #59 #33 6.1% 8.3% 1.4k 1k
Mathematics #61 #38 6.5% 10.0% 806 404
Medicine #132 #50 6.2% 9.5% 4.1k 4.4k
Neuroscience #58 #38 7.0% 8.1% 239 324
Physics and Astronomy #59 #31 6.2% 10.5% 736 561
Psychology #82 #42 7.3% 7.6% 1.1k 1.1k
Social Sciences #74 #38 9.6% 9.7% 8.1k 4.4k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Kazakhstan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development2,930▲ 4.0×107 topics
  2. Climate Change2,302▲ 1.83×125 topics
  3. Globalization2,060▲ 2.3×155 topics
  4. Innovation2,045▲ 4.3×77 topics
  5. Education1,859▲ 2.3×127 topics
  6. Sustainability1,598▲ 1.41×127 topics
  7. Educational Technology1,528▲ 2.8×47 topics
  8. Artificial Intelligence1,416▲ 2.1×65 topics
  9. Renewable Energy1,317▲ 1.96×59 topics
  10. Energy Efficiency1,275▲ 3.0×45 topics
  11. E-Learning1,254▲ 2.8×25 topics
  12. Digital Transformation1,221▲ 4.9×30 topics
  13. Online Learning1,056▲ 2.7×26 topics
  14. Pedagogy1,044▲ 4.5×27 topics
  15. Legal Regulation1,032▲ 9.9×8 topics
  16. Food Security1,014▲ 4.0×24 topics
  17. Economic Development995▲ 2.7×50 topics
  18. Economic Security965▲ 9.8×7 topics
  19. Digitalization959▲ 10×14 topics
  20. Teacher Training911▲ 3.2×26 topics
  21. Ethnicity894▲ 5.2×22 topics
  22. Digital Economy894▲ 9.6×19 topics
  23. Higher Education879▲ 3.6×30 topics
  24. Regional Development854▲ 5.4×21 topics
  25. Culture849▲ 3.5×33 topics
  26. Migration766▲ 4.8×30 topics
  27. Islam635▲ 6.6×5 topics
  28. Geopolitics627▲ 8.9×11 topics
  29. Strategic Planning618▲ 9.1×5 topics
  30. Foresight613▲ 10×2 topics
  31. International Trade Law612▲ 10×2 topics
  32. Public Oversight607▲ 11×1 topic
  33. Transport Policy607▲ 11×1 topic
  34. Modernization604▲ 7.1×5 topics
  35. Sharia Law592▲ 8.9×2 topics
  36. Malay Language592▲ 9.1×1 topic
  37. Design584▲ 7.7×6 topics
  38. Air Force572▲ 10×1 topic
  39. Warfare572▲ 10×1 topic
  40. Central Asia572▲ 17×4 topics

Slovenia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainability1,037▲ 1.30×130 topics
  2. Epidemiology1,033▼ 0.79×140 topics
  3. Machine Learning877▼ 0.81×95 topics
  4. Climate Change861◆ 0.97×122 topics
  5. Globalization722◆ 1.12×170 topics
  6. Religion674▲ 4.5×40 topics
  7. Sustainable Development669▲ 1.31×102 topics
  8. Human Rights623▲ 1.86×85 topics
  9. Ethics610▲ 3.7×55 topics
  10. Environmental Impact591◆ 1.06×71 topics
  11. Identity578▲ 2.4×73 topics
  12. Resilience546▲ 3.4×19 topics
  13. Artificial Intelligence539▲ 1.16×65 topics
  14. Mental Health525◆ 1.12×48 topics
  15. Cultural Integration439▲ 6.3×3 topics
  16. Media438▲ 8.9×17 topics
  17. Economic Growth432▲ 1.62×35 topics
  18. Social Change430▲ 11×20 topics
  19. Spirituality420▲ 13×8 topics
  20. Cultural History414▲ 11×15 topics
  21. Communication Technology400▲ 98×1 topic
  22. Youth Subcultures400▲ 98×1 topic
  23. International Relations344▲ 4.3×31 topics
  24. Nation-Building250▲ 14×4 topics
  25. Transition240▲ 8.3×6 topics
  26. International Trade236▲ 5.2×12 topics
  27. Authoritarianism235▲ 8.2×5 topics
  28. Memory Politics215▲ 24×2 topics
  29. Dissent215▲ 34×1 topic
  30. Post-Communist215▲ 34×1 topic
  31. Foreign Policy212▲ 17×4 topics
  32. Lexicography212▲ 7.5×5 topics
  33. Sovereign Debt Crises208▲ 16×2 topics
  34. Negotiation201▲ 17×4 topics
  35. Commercial Diplomacy193▲ 50×1 topic
  36. Economic Diplomacy193▲ 50×1 topic
  37. Etymology191▲ 12×2 topics
  38. Historical Phonology191▲ 12×2 topics
  39. Language Evolution187▲ 14×2 topics
  40. Indo-European177▲ 26×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Kazakhstan has out-published Slovenia every year since 2021, when it overtook it.

still counting5k10k15kKazakhstan11k in 2025Slovenia8,105 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%Kazakhstan0.19% in 2025Slovenia0.14% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%Slovenia9.1% in 2025Kazakhstan8.7% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Kazakhstan 03 level2 Slovenia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0001
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#39

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Kazakhstan or Slovenia?

Kazakhstan publishes 1.4× as much research as Slovenia in 2022-now (40k against 28k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Kazakhstan or Slovenia?

9.0% of Slovenia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 7.7% for Kazakhstan.

Is Kazakhstan or Slovenia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +81% against 2018-21 for Kazakhstan, and +6% for Slovenia.

Which has more open access research, Kazakhstan or Slovenia?

68% of Kazakhstan's research is free to read, against 51% of Slovenia's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Kazakhstan or Slovenia?

Kazakhstan holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Slovenia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 1.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Kazakhstan

  1. 1Nazarbayev University14.3% top 10% · 3.1k works
  2. 2Suleyman Demirel University5.8% top 10% · 2.9k works
  3. 3L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University7.3% top 10% · 3.1k works
  4. 4Astana Medical University7.4% top 10% · 1.8k works
  5. 5Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University8.9% top 10% · 1.2k works
  6. 6Ahmet Yesevi University7.6% top 10% · 795 works

Slovenia

  1. 1University of Ljubljana9.7% top 10% · 8.5k works
  2. 2Jožef Stefan Institute9.3% top 10% · 1.7k works
  3. 3University of Maribor9.6% top 10% · 4.2k works
  4. 4University of Primorska10.1% top 10% · 1.2k works
  5. 5National Institute of Chemistry9.7% top 10% · 478 works
  6. 6Faculty of Media6.6% top 10% · 647 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Kazakhstan

  1. 1 Kairat Davletov #4,259 worldwide 125k citations · 151 works
  2. 2 Mukhtar Kulimbet #8,033 worldwide 26k citations · 91 works
  3. 3 Shazim Ali Memon #24,150 worldwide 9.8k citations · 153 works
  4. 4 Anas Hajar #24,262 worldwide 1.1k citations · 125 works
  5. 5 Mayowa Tosin Babalola #43,099 worldwide 3.7k citations · 74 works

Slovenia

  1. 1 Matjaž Perc #1,993 worldwide 51k citations · 733 works
  2. 2 Abdulrasheed Zakari #11,817 worldwide 6.6k citations · 91 works
  3. 3 Tomaž Prosen #20,492 worldwide 18k citations · 393 works
  4. 4 G. Kramberger #34,382 worldwide 6.1k citations · 87 works
  5. 5 Robert Dominko #39,565 worldwide 17k citations · 379 works

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