Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Compare · Countries

Luxembourg vs Slovenia

On research quality in 2022-now, Luxembourg ranks #35 in the world and Slovenia #36, of 189 countries. Luxembourg stands higher in 4 of the 21 fields both publish in, Slovenia in 17.

Research profiles alike: 0.51similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

Compare other countries
vs

Luxembourg

World rank, 2022-now
#35
#33 all time
Works, 2022-now
7.7k
fractional
Top-10% rate
11.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
55%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Software, Industrial relations, Medical Terminology.

Slovenia

World rank, 2022-now
#36
#35 all time
Works, 2022-now
28k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.0%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
51%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Music, Space and Planetary Science, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Luxembourg leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, open access and international co-authorship. Slovenia leads on 3 of 9 measures: output, citations per work and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Luxembourg 51 level3 Slovenia
  1. #35Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#36
  2. 1.21×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.92×
  3. 7.7kOutputfractional works, 2022-now28k
  4. 11.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited9.0%
  5. 10.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work14.6
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 55%Open accessof its works free to read, all time51%
  8. 29%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time26%
  9. -22%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+6%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Luxembourg stands higher in 4 of 21 fields, Slovenia in 17. Slovenia leads most in Materials Science (#33 against #46); Luxembourg leads most in Economics, Econometrics and Finance (#37 against #46). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Luxembourg 417 Slovenia
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#47
  2. #44Arts and Humanities#35
  3. #39Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#34
  4. #45Business, Management and Accounting#40
  5. -Chemistry#49
  6. #35Computer Science#40
  7. -Decision Sciences#34
  8. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#47
  9. #37Economics, Econometrics and Finance#46
  10. -Energy#56
  11. #35Engineering#45
  12. #54Environmental Science#44
  13. -Health Professions#48
  14. -Immunology and Microbiology#42
  15. #46Materials Science#33
  16. -Mathematics#38
  17. #38Medicine#50
  18. -Neuroscience#38
  19. #32Physics and Astronomy#31
  20. #43Psychology#42
  21. #44Social Sciences#38

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Luxembourg rankSlovenia rank Luxembourg top 10%Slovenia top 10% Luxembourg worksSlovenia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #47 - 9.8% - 1.1k
Arts and Humanities #44 #35 11.2% 9.4% 356 1.5k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #39 #34 12.7% 9.7% 281 1.4k
Business, Management and Accounting #45 #40 9.9% 10.0% 303 1.1k
Chemistry - #49 - 7.9% - 421
Computer Science #35 #40 12.6% 9.4% 1.1k 2k
Decision Sciences - #34 - 10.7% - 300
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #47 - 7.4% - 419
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #37 #46 11.9% 9.4% 333 957
Energy - #56 - 6.4% - 255
Engineering #35 #45 13.3% 8.1% 1.3k 3.8k
Environmental Science #54 #44 9.7% 7.3% 291 1.5k
Health Professions - #48 - 8.3% - 650
Immunology and Microbiology - #42 - 8.2% - 213
Materials Science #46 #33 9.6% 8.3% 222 1k
Mathematics - #38 - 10.0% - 404
Medicine #38 #50 12.0% 9.5% 737 4.4k
Neuroscience - #38 - 8.1% - 324
Physics and Astronomy #32 #31 14.4% 10.5% 204 561
Psychology #43 #42 11.1% 7.6% 292 1.1k
Social Sciences #44 #38 11.3% 9.7% 1.3k 4.4k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Luxembourg

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning428▲ 1.46×87 topics
  2. Deep Learning407▲ 1.34×75 topics
  3. Globalization289▲ 1.67×133 topics
  4. Epidemiology209▼ 0.60×135 topics
  5. Sustainability208◆ 0.97×104 topics
  6. Neural Networks188▲ 1.38×39 topics
  7. Climate Change174▼ 0.73×103 topics
  8. Energy Efficiency171▲ 2.1×36 topics
  9. Artificial Intelligence162▲ 1.29×48 topics
  10. Big Data158▲ 1.88×27 topics
  11. Mental Health156▲ 1.24×42 topics
  12. Human Rights154▲ 1.71×66 topics
  13. Public Health149▲ 1.16×64 topics
  14. Internet of Things140▲ 1.86×22 topics
  15. Healthcare137▲ 1.36×35 topics
  16. Security134▲ 2.3×26 topics
  17. European Union120▲ 6.1×25 topics
  18. Ethics95▲ 2.1×41 topics
  19. Gender94▲ 1.98×41 topics
  20. Governance87▲ 3.0×17 topics
  21. Colonialism86▲ 2.0×44 topics
  22. Democracy85▲ 2.8×24 topics
  23. Physical Layer Security84▲ 22×2 topics
  24. IoT Security78▲ 2.9×3 topics
  25. Cognitive Radio78▲ 25×2 topics
  26. Security Analysis78▲ 5.2×4 topics
  27. LEO Satellite Constellation76▲ 30×1 topic
  28. Satellite Communications76▲ 30×1 topic
  29. Territorial Governance73▲ 7.2×3 topics
  30. 5G Networks73▲ 4.1×5 topics
  31. Labor Market72▲ 2.9×15 topics
  32. Monetary Policy72▲ 3.5×12 topics
  33. Wireless Communication69▲ 5.4×7 topics
  34. Sociolinguistics62▲ 3.8×9 topics
  35. Channel Estimation58▲ 7.5×4 topics
  36. Wireless Networks58▲ 4.4×9 topics
  37. Local Development53▲ 5.8×2 topics
  38. European Integration50▲ 10×6 topics
  39. Institutionalization50▲ 6.2×5 topics
  40. MIMO Systems50▲ 7.2×3 topics

Slovenia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainability1,037▲ 1.30×130 topics
  2. Epidemiology1,033▼ 0.79×140 topics
  3. Machine Learning877▼ 0.81×95 topics
  4. Climate Change861◆ 0.97×122 topics
  5. Globalization722◆ 1.12×170 topics
  6. Religion674▲ 4.5×40 topics
  7. Sustainable Development669▲ 1.31×102 topics
  8. Human Rights623▲ 1.86×85 topics
  9. Ethics610▲ 3.7×55 topics
  10. Environmental Impact591◆ 1.06×71 topics
  11. Identity578▲ 2.4×73 topics
  12. Resilience546▲ 3.4×19 topics
  13. Artificial Intelligence539▲ 1.16×65 topics
  14. Mental Health525◆ 1.12×48 topics
  15. Cultural Integration439▲ 6.3×3 topics
  16. Media438▲ 8.9×17 topics
  17. Economic Growth432▲ 1.62×35 topics
  18. Social Change430▲ 11×20 topics
  19. Spirituality420▲ 13×8 topics
  20. Cultural History414▲ 11×15 topics
  21. Communication Technology400▲ 98×1 topic
  22. Youth Subcultures400▲ 98×1 topic
  23. International Relations344▲ 4.3×31 topics
  24. Nation-Building250▲ 14×4 topics
  25. Transition240▲ 8.3×6 topics
  26. International Trade236▲ 5.2×12 topics
  27. Authoritarianism235▲ 8.2×5 topics
  28. Memory Politics215▲ 24×2 topics
  29. Dissent215▲ 34×1 topic
  30. Post-Communist215▲ 34×1 topic
  31. Foreign Policy212▲ 17×4 topics
  32. Lexicography212▲ 7.5×5 topics
  33. Sovereign Debt Crises208▲ 16×2 topics
  34. Negotiation201▲ 17×4 topics
  35. Commercial Diplomacy193▲ 50×1 topic
  36. Economic Diplomacy193▲ 50×1 topic
  37. Etymology191▲ 12×2 topics
  38. Historical Phonology191▲ 12×2 topics
  39. Language Evolution187▲ 14×2 topics
  40. Indo-European177▲ 26×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Slovenia has out-published Luxembourg every year since 1980.

still counting5k10kSlovenia8,105 in 2025Luxembourg1,936 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%Slovenia0.14% in 2025Luxembourg0.033% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Luxembourg12.1% in 2025Slovenia9.1% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Luxembourg 23 level0 Slovenia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 1In the top 5000
  4. 1In the top 1,0001
  5. #38Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#39

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Luxembourg or Slovenia?

Slovenia publishes 3.6× as much research as Luxembourg in 2022-now (28k against 7.7k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Luxembourg or Slovenia?

11.9% of Luxembourg's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 9.0% for Slovenia.

Is Luxembourg or Slovenia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +6% against 2018-21 for Slovenia, and -22% for Luxembourg.

Which has more open access research, Luxembourg or Slovenia?

55% of Luxembourg's research is free to read, against 51% of Slovenia's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Luxembourg or Slovenia?

Luxembourg holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Slovenia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 1 against 1.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Luxembourg

  1. 1University of Luxembourg12.3% top 10% · 4.9k works
  2. 2Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology10.5% top 10% · 813 works
  3. 3Luxembourg Institute of Health13.8% top 10% · 376 works
  4. 4Eurofins (Luxembourg)8.7% top 10% · 230 works
  5. 5Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research20.0% top 10% · 240 works
  6. 6INTRASOFT International (Luxembourg)9.9% top 10% · 129 works

Slovenia

  1. 1University of Ljubljana9.7% top 10% · 8.5k works
  2. 2Jožef Stefan Institute9.3% top 10% · 1.7k works
  3. 3University of Maribor9.6% top 10% · 4.2k works
  4. 4University of Primorska10.1% top 10% · 1.2k works
  5. 5National Institute of Chemistry9.7% top 10% · 478 works
  6. 6Faculty of Media6.6% top 10% · 647 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Luxembourg

  1. 1 Lionel Briand #12,133 worldwide 30k citations · 620 works
  2. 2 Ala’a Alkerwi #22,987 worldwide 106k citations · 135 works
  3. 3 Emma Schymanski #23,172 worldwide 19k citations · 552 works
  4. 4 Mike Papadakis #25,871 worldwide 6.7k citations · 300 works
  5. 5 Elouise Botes #26,305 worldwide 2.1k citations · 101 works

Slovenia

  1. 1 Matjaž Perc #1,993 worldwide 51k citations · 733 works
  2. 2 Abdulrasheed Zakari #11,817 worldwide 6.6k citations · 91 works
  3. 3 Tomaž Prosen #20,492 worldwide 18k citations · 393 works
  4. 4 G. Kramberger #34,382 worldwide 6.1k citations · 87 works
  5. 5 Robert Dominko #39,565 worldwide 17k citations · 379 works

Other comparisons

Compare any two