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Luxembourg vs United Arab Emirates

On research quality in 2022-now, Luxembourg ranks #35 in the world and the United Arab Emirates #37, of 189 countries. Luxembourg stands higher in 6 of the 22 fields both publish in, the United Arab Emirates in 16.

Research profiles alike: 0.18somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Luxembourg

World rank, 2022-now
#35
#33 all time
Works, 2022-now
7.7k
fractional
Top-10% rate
11.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
55%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Software, Industrial relations, Medical Terminology.

United Arab Emirates

World rank, 2022-now
#37
#40 all time
Works, 2022-now
46k
fractional
Top-10% rate
13.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
46%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Health Informatics, Ocean Engineering, General Dentistry.

Who leads, measure by measure?

The United Arab Emirates leads on 5 of 9 measures: output, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Luxembourg leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Luxembourg 31 level5 United Arab Emirates
  1. #35Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#37
  2. 1.21×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.16×
  3. 7.7kOutputfractional works, 2022-now46k
  4. 11.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited13.7%
  5. 10.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work14.4
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 55%Open accessof its works free to read, all time46%
  8. 29%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time42%
  9. -22%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+75%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Luxembourg stands higher in 6 of 22 fields, United Arab Emirates in 16. The United Arab Emirates leads most in Materials Science (#34 against #46); Luxembourg leads most in Arts and Humanities (#44 against #66). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Luxembourg 616 United Arab Emirates
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#49
  2. #44Arts and Humanities#66
  3. #39Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#42
  4. #45Business, Management and Accounting#34
  5. -Chemistry#31
  6. #35Computer Science#25
  7. -Decision Sciences#33
  8. -Dentistry#34
  9. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#36
  10. #37Economics, Econometrics and Finance#40
  11. -Energy#29
  12. #35Engineering#32
  13. #54Environmental Science#48
  14. -Health Professions#46
  15. -Immunology and Microbiology#50
  16. #46Materials Science#34
  17. -Mathematics#39
  18. #38Medicine#47
  19. -Neuroscience#34
  20. #32Physics and Astronomy#43
  21. #43Psychology#38
  22. #44Social Sciences#45

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Luxembourg rankUnited Arab Emirates rank Luxembourg top 10%United Arab Emirates top 10% Luxembourg worksUnited Arab Emirates works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #49 - 18.7% - 1.1k
Arts and Humanities #44 #66 11.2% 12.9% 356 891
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #39 #42 12.7% 12.5% 281 1.6k
Business, Management and Accounting #45 #34 9.9% 17.9% 303 2.5k
Chemistry - #31 - 15.2% - 490
Computer Science #35 #25 12.6% 15.8% 1.1k 6k
Decision Sciences - #33 - 14.1% - 762
Dentistry - #34 - 14.2% - 439
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #36 - 12.0% - 436
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #37 #40 11.9% 17.2% 333 1.2k
Energy - #29 - 13.1% - 776
Engineering #35 #32 13.3% 13.0% 1.3k 9.5k
Environmental Science #54 #48 9.7% 13.3% 291 1.9k
Health Professions - #46 - 13.4% - 1.1k
Immunology and Microbiology - #50 - 10.1% - 286
Materials Science #46 #34 9.6% 14.8% 222 1.4k
Mathematics - #39 - 13.6% - 548
Medicine #38 #47 12.0% 10.0% 737 7.4k
Neuroscience - #34 - 11.7% - 611
Physics and Astronomy #32 #43 14.4% 10.4% 204 682
Psychology #43 #38 11.1% 12.6% 292 1.3k
Social Sciences #44 #45 11.3% 15.8% 1.3k 4.6k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Luxembourg

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning428▲ 1.46×87 topics
  2. Deep Learning407▲ 1.34×75 topics
  3. Globalization289▲ 1.67×133 topics
  4. Epidemiology209▼ 0.60×135 topics
  5. Sustainability208◆ 0.97×104 topics
  6. Neural Networks188▲ 1.38×39 topics
  7. Climate Change174▼ 0.73×103 topics
  8. Energy Efficiency171▲ 2.1×36 topics
  9. Artificial Intelligence162▲ 1.29×48 topics
  10. Big Data158▲ 1.88×27 topics
  11. Mental Health156▲ 1.24×42 topics
  12. Human Rights154▲ 1.71×66 topics
  13. Public Health149▲ 1.16×64 topics
  14. Internet of Things140▲ 1.86×22 topics
  15. Healthcare137▲ 1.36×35 topics
  16. Security134▲ 2.3×26 topics
  17. European Union120▲ 6.1×25 topics
  18. Ethics95▲ 2.1×41 topics
  19. Gender94▲ 1.98×41 topics
  20. Governance87▲ 3.0×17 topics
  21. Colonialism86▲ 2.0×44 topics
  22. Democracy85▲ 2.8×24 topics
  23. Physical Layer Security84▲ 22×2 topics
  24. IoT Security78▲ 2.9×3 topics
  25. Cognitive Radio78▲ 25×2 topics
  26. Security Analysis78▲ 5.2×4 topics
  27. LEO Satellite Constellation76▲ 30×1 topic
  28. Satellite Communications76▲ 30×1 topic
  29. Territorial Governance73▲ 7.2×3 topics
  30. 5G Networks73▲ 4.1×5 topics
  31. Labor Market72▲ 2.9×15 topics
  32. Monetary Policy72▲ 3.5×12 topics
  33. Wireless Communication69▲ 5.4×7 topics
  34. Sociolinguistics62▲ 3.8×9 topics
  35. Channel Estimation58▲ 7.5×4 topics
  36. Wireless Networks58▲ 4.4×9 topics
  37. Local Development53▲ 5.8×2 topics
  38. European Integration50▲ 10×6 topics
  39. Institutionalization50▲ 6.2×5 topics
  40. MIMO Systems50▲ 7.2×3 topics

United Arab Emirates

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning3,882▲ 2.2×97 topics
  2. Deep Learning3,442▲ 1.86×85 topics
  3. Epidemiology1,799▼ 0.84×138 topics
  4. Sustainability1,737▲ 1.33×123 topics
  5. Healthcare1,692▲ 2.8×38 topics
  6. Supply Chain Management1,467▲ 3.0×25 topics
  7. Renewable Energy1,342▲ 1.73×58 topics
  8. Artificial Intelligence1,338▲ 1.75×65 topics
  9. Neural Networks1,315▲ 1.59×42 topics
  10. Internet of Things1,099▲ 2.4×31 topics
  11. Big Data1,071▲ 2.1×36 topics
  12. Environmental Impact1,006◆ 1.10×70 topics
  13. Security904▲ 2.5×30 topics
  14. Social Media882▲ 1.19×38 topics
  15. Nanoparticles848▲ 1.26×44 topics
  16. COVID-19840▲ 1.21×33 topics
  17. Energy Efficiency825▲ 1.67×45 topics
  18. Smart Cities789▲ 5.6×8 topics
  19. IoT786▲ 3.9×19 topics
  20. Convolutional Neural Networks766▲ 1.97×14 topics
  21. Risk Management725▲ 2.9×20 topics
  22. Nanomaterials700▲ 1.25×21 topics
  23. Digital Transformation686▲ 2.4×30 topics
  24. Data Mining658▲ 1.68×25 topics
  25. Customer Satisfaction621▲ 3.6×10 topics
  26. Medical Imaging609▲ 2.2×9 topics
  27. Organizational Performance607▲ 4.3×12 topics
  28. Corporate Governance604▲ 1.53×32 topics
  29. Knowledge Management585▲ 1.97×39 topics
  30. IoT Security576▲ 3.5×3 topics
  31. Optimization495▲ 2.1×26 topics
  32. Privacy481▲ 3.1×11 topics
  33. Social Networks430▲ 3.0×13 topics
  34. Social Media Marketing414▲ 16×1 topic
  35. Human Resource Management401▲ 4.9×8 topics
  36. Localization331▲ 5.2×4 topics
  37. Guanxi267▲ 23×1 topic
  38. Wasta267▲ 23×1 topic
  39. Closed-Loop Control256▲ 11×1 topic
  40. Well Placement256▲ 11×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

The United Arab Emirates has out-published Luxembourg every year since 2015, when it overtook it.

still counting5k10k15kUnited Arab Emirates14k in 2025Luxembourg1,936 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%United Arab Emirates0.24% in 2025Luxembourg0.033% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%United Arab Emirates12.9% in 2025Luxembourg12.1% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Luxembourg 23 level0 United Arab Emirates
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 1In the top 5000
  4. 1In the top 1,0001
  5. #38Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#43

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Luxembourg or United Arab Emirates?

The United Arab Emirates publishes 6.0× as much research as Luxembourg in 2022-now (46k against 7.7k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Luxembourg or United Arab Emirates?

13.7% of the United Arab Emirates's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 11.9% for Luxembourg.

Is Luxembourg or United Arab Emirates growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +75% against 2018-21 for the United Arab Emirates, and -22% for Luxembourg.

Which has more open access research, Luxembourg or United Arab Emirates?

55% of Luxembourg's research is free to read, against 46% of the United Arab Emirates's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Luxembourg or United Arab Emirates?

Luxembourg holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and the United Arab Emirates 0; in the top 1,000 it is 1 against 1.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Luxembourg

  1. 1University of Luxembourg12.3% top 10% · 4.9k works
  2. 2Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology10.5% top 10% · 813 works
  3. 3Luxembourg Institute of Health13.8% top 10% · 376 works
  4. 4Eurofins (Luxembourg)8.7% top 10% · 230 works
  5. 5Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research20.0% top 10% · 240 works
  6. 6INTRASOFT International (Luxembourg)9.9% top 10% · 129 works

United Arab Emirates

  1. 1Khalifa University of Science and Technology18.1% top 10% · 5k works
  2. 2Zayed University16.8% top 10% · 1.6k works
  3. 3Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence21.9% top 10% · 826 works
  4. 4United Arab Emirates University18.1% top 10% · 4.9k works
  5. 5University of Sharjah15.0% top 10% · 5.4k works
  6. 6Al Ain University16.2% top 10% · 1.4k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Luxembourg

  1. 1 Lionel Briand #12,133 worldwide 30k citations · 620 works
  2. 2 Ala’a Alkerwi #22,987 worldwide 106k citations · 135 works
  3. 3 Emma Schymanski #23,172 worldwide 19k citations · 552 works
  4. 4 Mike Papadakis #25,871 worldwide 6.7k citations · 300 works
  5. 5 Elouise Botes #26,305 worldwide 2.1k citations · 101 works

United Arab Emirates

  1. 1 Yaser Mohammed Al‐Worafi #120 worldwide 56k citations · 1,033 works
  2. 2 Mostafa Al‐Emran #508 worldwide 14k citations · 172 works
  3. 3 Ibrar Yaqoob #750 worldwide 19k citations · 162 works
  4. 4 Enas Taha Sayed #1,210 worldwide 22k citations · 234 works
  5. 5 Abdul Ghani Olabi #1,240 worldwide 57k citations · 850 works

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