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Lebanon vs Palestine

On research quality in 2022-now, Lebanon ranks #76 in the world and Palestine #86, of 189 countries. Lebanon stands higher in 13 of the 15 fields both publish in, Palestine in 2.

Research profiles alike: 0.73very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Lebanon

World rank, 2022-now
#76
#75 all time
Works, 2022-now
15k
fractional
Top-10% rate
11.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
44%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Modeling and Simulation, Orthodontics, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Palestine

World rank, 2022-now
#86
#109 all time
Works, 2022-now
6.9k
fractional
Top-10% rate
12.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
63%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Research and Theory, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Accounting.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Lebanon leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, output, citations per work and international co-authorship. Palestine leads on 3 of 9 measures: top-10% rate, open access and growth. The two are level on excellence for its fields and institutions in the world top 100.

Lebanon 42 level3 Palestine
  1. #76Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#86
  2. 0.95×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.93×
  3. 15kOutputfractional works, 2022-now6.9k
  4. 11.8%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited12.4%
  5. 14.9Citations per workall time, per fractional work11.4
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 44%Open accessof its works free to read, all time63%
  8. 36%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time35%
  9. +17%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+60%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Lebanon stands higher in 13 of 15 fields, Palestine in 2. Lebanon leads most in Engineering (#66 against #80); Palestine leads most in Health Professions (#62 against #76). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Lebanon 132 Palestine
  1. #94Agricultural and Biological Sciences#105
  2. #81Arts and Humanities-
  3. #72Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#75
  4. #72Business, Management and Accounting#68
  5. #60Computer Science#72
  6. #61Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  7. #66Engineering#80
  8. #89Environmental Science#102
  9. #76Health Professions#62
  10. #79Materials Science-
  11. #66Mathematics-
  12. #85Medicine#89
  13. #61Neuroscience-
  14. #62Psychology#65
  15. #84Social Sciences#86

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Lebanon rankPalestine rank Lebanon top 10%Palestine top 10% Lebanon worksPalestine works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #94 #105 11.3% 11.8% 451 224
Arts and Humanities #81 - 11.2% - 284 -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #72 #75 9.2% 10.3% 615 214
Business, Management and Accounting #72 #68 15.1% 16.6% 627 437
Computer Science #60 #72 13.0% 13.2% 1.1k 646
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #61 - 22.4% - 537 -
Engineering #66 #80 11.4% 12.1% 1.6k 603
Environmental Science #89 #102 11.2% 10.5% 560 237
Health Professions #76 #62 13.9% 19.3% 448 314
Materials Science #79 - 8.1% - 248 -
Mathematics #66 - 16.7% - 258 -
Medicine #85 #89 9.4% 9.1% 4.1k 1.6k
Neuroscience #61 - 8.5% - 204 -
Psychology #62 #65 13.5% 14.8% 585 356
Social Sciences #84 #86 12.7% 13.1% 1.6k 1.1k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Lebanon

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology1,046▲ 1.56×136 topics
  2. Machine Learning685▲ 1.22×96 topics
  3. Deep Learning647◆ 1.12×82 topics
  4. Inflammation399◆ 1.12×83 topics
  5. Mental Health382▲ 1.59×46 topics
  6. Sustainability364◆ 0.89×102 topics
  7. COVID-19350▲ 1.60×29 topics
  8. Quality of Life349▲ 1.44×58 topics
  9. Renewable Energy336▲ 1.38×52 topics
  10. Treatment335▲ 1.64×52 topics
  11. Healthcare332▲ 1.73×36 topics
  12. Climate Change324▼ 0.71×106 topics
  13. Globalization312◆ 0.94×123 topics
  14. Environmental Impact300◆ 1.05×63 topics
  15. Public Health284▲ 1.16×66 topics
  16. Artificial Intelligence273◆ 1.14×59 topics
  17. Supply Chain Management268▲ 1.77×24 topics
  18. Pandemic264▲ 1.59×12 topics
  19. Diagnosis264▲ 1.68×41 topics
  20. Cardiovascular Disease253▲ 1.32×39 topics
  21. Risk Factors245▲ 1.32×37 topics
  22. Human Rights227▲ 1.32×67 topics
  23. Internet of Things222▲ 1.55×30 topics
  24. Depression218▲ 1.47×25 topics
  25. Economic Growth214▲ 1.56×31 topics
  26. Politics213▲ 4.8×19 topics
  27. Energy Efficiency208▲ 1.34×38 topics
  28. Governance206▲ 3.8×18 topics
  29. Chemotherapy198▲ 1.66×24 topics
  30. Identity197▲ 1.62×53 topics
  31. Security189▲ 1.68×30 topics
  32. Complications188▲ 2.2×17 topics
  33. Mortality181▲ 1.90×13 topics
  34. Refugees168▲ 8.1×9 topics
  35. Risk Management160▲ 2.0×17 topics
  36. Sovereignty152▲ 10×10 topics
  37. Infectious Diseases143▲ 2.6×9 topics
  38. Civil War139▲ 27×2 topics
  39. Lebanon129▲ 72×1 topic
  40. Sectarianism129▲ 72×1 topic

Palestine

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology447▲ 1.38×133 topics
  2. Machine Learning411▲ 1.52×87 topics
  3. Mental Health286▲ 2.5×40 topics
  4. Deep Learning260◆ 0.93×81 topics
  5. Public Health227▲ 1.92×55 topics
  6. Globalization225▲ 1.41×83 topics
  7. Healthcare207▲ 2.2×28 topics
  8. Corporate Governance195▲ 3.3×22 topics
  9. Supply Chain Management188▲ 2.6×23 topics
  10. Human Rights173▲ 2.1×48 topics
  11. Depression166▲ 2.3×24 topics
  12. Risk Management146▲ 3.8×14 topics
  13. Mortality139▲ 3.0×13 topics
  14. Digital Transformation135▲ 3.1×22 topics
  15. Customer Satisfaction131▲ 5.1×8 topics
  16. Discrimination123▲ 7.2×6 topics
  17. Palestine122▲ 28×2 topics
  18. Nationalism120▲ 3.3×18 topics
  19. Technology Integration117▲ 4.6×11 topics
  20. Health117▲ 3.6×18 topics
  21. IoT116▲ 3.8×14 topics
  22. Israel113▲ 42×2 topics
  23. Organizational Performance111▲ 5.2×11 topics
  24. Ethnic Identity110▲ 12×3 topics
  25. Occupation110▲ 22×2 topics
  26. Smart Cities110▲ 5.1×8 topics
  27. Segregation109▲ 18×2 topics
  28. Intifada109▲ 50×1 topic
  29. Settler Colonialism109▲ 32×2 topics
  30. Finance108▲ 7.3×3 topics
  31. Trauma103▲ 6.1×7 topics
  32. Performance Analysis101▲ 6.0×5 topics
  33. Financial Stability101▲ 6.5×4 topics
  34. Conflict95▲ 7.2×10 topics
  35. Global Financial Crisis92▲ 8.7×3 topics
  36. Ethical Identity91▲ 9.7×1 topic
  37. Shariah Supervision91▲ 9.7×1 topic
  38. Social Media Marketing86▲ 22×1 topic
  39. Violence85▲ 7.1×6 topics
  40. Peacebuilding82▲ 15×6 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Lebanon has out-published Palestine every year since 1980.

still counting2k4k6kLebanon4,203 in 2025Palestine2,166 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.025%0.050%0.075%Lebanon0.071% in 2025Palestine0.037% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Palestine14.3% in 2025Lebanon11.2% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Lebanon 23 level0 Palestine
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 1In the top 1,0000
  5. #46Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Lebanon or Palestine?

Lebanon publishes 2.1× as much research as Palestine in 2022-now (15k against 6.9k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Lebanon or Palestine?

12.4% of Palestine's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 11.8% for Lebanon.

Is Lebanon or Palestine growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +60% against 2018-21 for Palestine, and +17% for Lebanon.

Which has more open access research, Lebanon or Palestine?

63% of Palestine's research is free to read, against 44% of Lebanon's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Lebanon or Palestine?

Lebanon holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Palestine 0; in the top 1,000 it is 1 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Lebanon

  1. 1Lebanese American University24.6% top 10% · 2.3k works
  2. 2American University of Beirut10.8% top 10% · 3.2k works
  3. 3Holy Spirit University of Kaslik17.8% top 10% · 509 works
  4. 4Saint Joseph University8.7% top 10% · 1k works
  5. 5Lebanese University7.6% top 10% · 1.9k works
  6. 6Lebanese International University12.2% top 10% · 432 works

Palestine

  1. 1An-Najah National University14.5% top 10% · 1.7k works
  2. 2Arab American University15.7% top 10% · 693 works
  3. 3Al-Quds University8.2% top 10% · 834 works
  4. 4Birzeit University11.7% top 10% · 504 works
  5. 5Islamic University of Gaza16.1% top 10% · 463 works
  6. 6University College of Applied Science11.1% top 10% · 166 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Lebanon

  1. 1 Elie I. Bouri #152 worldwide 29k citations · 467 works
  2. 2 Elie Georges Karam #15,821 worldwide 35k citations · 290 works
  3. 3 John Fayyad #72,447 worldwide 11k citations · 65 works
  4. 4 Omar S. Itani #72,719 worldwide 3.3k citations · 113 works
  5. 5 Aimée Karam #73,746 worldwide 12k citations · 75 works

Palestine

  1. 1 Bassam A. Tayeh #1,813 worldwide 17k citations · 233 works
  2. 2 Amira A Shaheen #16,599 worldwide 119k citations · 109 works
  3. 3 Majdi M. Mafarja #38,171 worldwide 18k citations · 104 works
  4. 4 Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh #50,160 worldwide 43k citations · 40 works
  5. 5 Mohammad A.A. Zaid #62,516 worldwide 1.7k citations · 35 works