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Government institution · Islamabad · Pakistan

Pakistan Academy of Sciences

In research, Pakistan Academy of Sciences stands highest in Physical Sciences (#12,909 of 17,446 worldwide), over all time.

paspk.orgROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#13,060
of 22,385 · #18,044 all time
Rank in Pakistan
#142
of 231
Research works
258
▲ 117% vs 2018-21
Citations
4.7k
18.2 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
13.0%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
1.01×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
48%
world 40%
International
42%
world 18%
Pakistan Academy of Sciences

What is Pakistan Academy of Sciences known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, over all time, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorks
Physical SciencesDomain #12,909 of 17,446 12.6%120

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Pakistan Academy of Sciences sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which fields of science does Pakistan Academy of Sciences work in?

In 2022-now, 49% of research at Pakistan Academy of Sciences is in Physical Sciences, 25% in Life Sciences. Its largest fields are Agricultural and Biological Sciences (14%), Engineering (14%), Medicine (12%). It does 1.8× the world's share of Life Sciences.

Physical Sciences: 63 fractional works · 49.2% of its workEngineering: 18 fractional works · 13.8% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 6 fractional works · 4.7% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 5 fractional works · 3.6% of its workMechanical Engineering: 3 fractional works · 2.2% of its workComputational Mechanics: 2 fractional works · 1.7% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMechanics of Materials: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOcean Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEnvironmental Science: 10 fractional works · 8.2% of its workNature and Landscape Conservation: 3 fractional works · 2.0% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 2 fractional works · 1.6% of its workEcology: 2 fractional works · 1.4% of its workPollution: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workWater Science and Technology: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEcological Modeling: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMaterials Science: 9 fractional works · 7.3% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 7 fractional works · 5.8% of its workBiomaterials: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workElectronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMetals and Alloys: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 7 fractional works · 5.4% of its workAstronomy and Astrophysics: 3 fractional works · 2.2% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 2 fractional works · 1.2% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 1 fractional works · 1.1% of its workNuclear and High Energy Physics: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEnergy: 6 fractional works · 4.4% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 6 fractional works · 4.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workChemistry: 4 fractional works · 3.4% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 3 fractional works · 2.4% of its workInorganic Chemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workElectrochemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAnalytical Chemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workComputer Science: 4 fractional works · 3.4% of its workInformation Systems: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 2 fractional works · 1.8% of its workGeophysics: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPaleontology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAtmospheric Science: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workOceanography: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workChemical Engineering: 1 fractional works · 1.1% of its workCatalysis: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMathematics: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAlgebra and Number Theory: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workLife Sciences: 32 fractional works · 25.2% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 18 fractional works · 14.2% of its workPlant Science: 9 fractional works · 6.9% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 3 fractional works · 2.4% of its workFood Science: 2 fractional works · 1.8% of its workSoil Science: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workInsect Science: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workForestry: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAquatic Science: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGeneral Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAgronomy and Crop Science: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 12 fractional works · 9.3% of its workMolecular Biology: 7 fractional works · 5.3% of its workGenetics: 2 fractional works · 1.4% of its workBiotechnology: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workCancer Research: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMolecular Medicine: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEndocrinology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workClinical Biochemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workNeuroscience: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workNeurology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workImmunology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPharmacology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workHealth Sciences: 19 fractional works · 14.8% of its workMedicine: 15 fractional works · 11.7% of its workOncology: 2 fractional works · 1.5% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 2 fractional works · 1.3% of its workEpidemiology: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workInfectious Diseases: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPsychiatry and Mental health: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSurgery: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPharmacology: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPathology and Forensic Medicine: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workDermatology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeurology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workComplementary and alternative medicine: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPhysiology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCritical Care and Intensive Care Medicine: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBiochemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workRehabilitation: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workHematology: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 1.0% of its workHealth Professions: 2 fractional works · 1.3% of its workEmergency Medical Services: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComplementary and Manual Therapy: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workDentistry: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workPeriodontics: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGeneral Dentistry: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workNursing: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workNutrition and Dietetics: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workSocial Sciences: 14 fractional works · 10.7% of its workSocial Sciences: 8 fractional works · 6.4% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 3 fractional works · 2.2% of its workSociology and Political Science: 2 fractional works · 1.4% of its workEducation: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workLaw: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workDevelopment: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workGender Studies: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 2 fractional works · 1.7% of its workFinance: 1 fractional works · 1.0% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 2 fractional works · 1.5% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAccounting: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workStrategy and Management: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workArts and Humanities: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workPhilosophy: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPsychology: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workClinical Psychology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workALL ITS WORKPakistan Academyof Sciences128fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences25%Physical Sciences49%Health Sciences15%Social Sciences11%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 24 fields, with their numbers
    1. Engineering1813.8%
    2. Environmental Science108.2%
    3. Materials Science97.3%
    4. Physics and Astronomy75.4%
    5. Energy64.4%
    6. Chemistry43.4%
    7. Computer Science43.4%
    8. Earth and Planetary Sciences21.8%
    9. Chemical Engineering11.1%
    10. Mathematics00.4%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences1814.2%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology129.3%
    3. Neuroscience10.7%
    4. Immunology and Microbiology10.6%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics10.5%
    1. Medicine1511.7%
    2. Health Professions21.3%
    3. Dentistry10.9%
    4. Nursing10.9%
    1. Social Sciences86.4%
    2. Economics, Econometrics and Finance21.7%
    3. Business, Management and Accounting21.5%
    4. Arts and Humanities10.7%
    5. Psychology00.4%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 2.99× its world share, 18 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 1.74× its world share, 12 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.59× its world share, 1 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.41× its world share, 1 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 1.47× its world share, 1 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 3.18× its world share, 1 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 2.16× its world share, 4 worksChemistryComputer Science: 0.43× its world share, 4 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 1.15× its world share, 2 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 4.83× its world share, 6 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.92× its world share, 18 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 1.64× its world share, 10 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 2.09× its world share, 9 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.31× its world share, 0 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 2.44× its world share, 7 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 1.90× its world share, 1 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.48× its world share, 2 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.61× its world share, 15 worksMedicineNursing: 1.89× its world share, 1 worksNursingArts and Humanities: 0.25× its world share, 1 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.48× its world share, 2 worksBusiness, Management…Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.79× its world share, 2 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.12× its world share, 0 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.51× its world share, 8 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Energy, 4.8×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 24 fields, with their numbers
  1. Energy4.83×6 works
  2. Chemical Engineering3.18×1 works
  3. Agricultural and Biological Sciences2.99×18 works
  4. Physics and Astronomy2.44×7 works
  5. Chemistry2.16×4 works
  6. Materials Science2.09×9 works
  7. Dentistry1.90×1 works
  8. Nursing1.89×1 works
  9. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology1.74×12 works
  10. Environmental Science1.64×10 works
  11. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics1.47×1 works
  12. Earth and Planetary Sciences1.15×2 works
  13. Engineering0.92×18 works
  14. Economics, Econometrics and Finance0.79×2 works
  15. Medicine0.61×15 works
  16. Immunology and Microbiology0.59×1 works
  17. Social Sciences0.51×8 works
  18. Health Professions0.48×2 works
  19. Business, Management and Accounting0.48×2 works
  20. Computer Science0.43×4 works
  21. Neuroscience0.41×1 works
  22. Mathematics0.31×0 works
  23. Arts and Humanities0.25×1 works
  24. Psychology0.12×0 works

Who are the top researchers at Pakistan Academy of Sciences?

Ranked on the quality score, Iqbal Umer Cheema and Malik Muhammad Nazeer lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

  1. 1 Iqbal Umer Cheema Pakistan · #4,133,765 worldwide 367 citations · 15 works
  2. 2 Malik Muhammad Nazeer Pakistan · #5,268,702 worldwide 75 citations · 19 works
All ranked researchers at Pakistan Academy of Sciences

What are the most cited papers from Pakistan Academy of Sciences?

The most cited paper from Pakistan Academy of Sciences is "Role of plant phytochemicals and microbial enzymes in biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles" (Muhammad Ovais, Ali Talha Khalil, Nazar Ul Islam et al., 2018), with 482 citations. Next come "Antimicrobial activities of biologically synthesized metal nanoparticles: an insight into the mechanism of action" (364) and "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Via Plant Extracts: Beginning a New Era in Cancer Theranostics" (346).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Role of plant phytochemicals and microbial enzymes in biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles Muhammad Ovais, Ali Talha Khalil, Nazar Ul Islam et al. · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 7 Jun 2018 482
2 Antimicrobial activities of biologically synthesized metal nanoparticles: an insight into the mechanism of action Parveen Nisar, Nasir Ali, Lubna Abd Rahman et al. · JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 12 Sep 2019 364
3 Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Via Plant Extracts: Beginning a New Era in Cancer Theranostics Muhammad Ovais, Ali Talha Khalil, Abida Raza et al. · Nanomedicine 4 Nov 2016 346
4 Biofortification of wheat with zinc through zinc fertilization in seven countries Chunqin Zou, Yueqiang Zhang, Abdul Rashid et al. · Plant and Soil 20 Jul 2012 301
5 Biosynthesis of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles via aqueous extracts of Sageretia thea (Osbeck.) and their pharmacognostic properties Ali Talha Khalil, Muhammad Ovais, Ikram Ullah et al. · Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews Open access 28 Jun 2017 261
All 60 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Pakistan Academy of Sciences?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Heat Transfer, Nanomaterials, Catalysts, Electrocatalysis, Water Splitting, Metal-Organic Frameworks, Biogeography and Biodiversity.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change7▲ 2.1×38 topics
  2. Nanomaterials7▲ 5.3×12 topics
  3. Heat Transfer6▲ 9.6×8 topics
  4. Biodiversity5▲ 5.0×15 topics
  5. Catalysts4▲ 17×3 topics
  6. Electrocatalysis4▲ 12×3 topics
  7. Metal-Organic Frameworks4▲ 8.0×4 topics
  8. Water Splitting4▲ 9.1×4 topics
  9. Biogeography4▲ 11×11 topics
  10. Antioxidant4▲ 4.4×21 topics
  11. Experimental Investigation4▲ 29×2 topics
  12. Nanoparticles4▲ 2.4×12 topics
  13. Toxicity4▲ 6.9×11 topics
  14. Sustainable Energy4▲ 16×3 topics
  15. Energy Conversion4▲ 13×2 topics
  16. Hydrogen Evolution3▲ 20×1 topic
  17. Oxygen Reduction3▲ 20×1 topic
  18. Conservation3▲ 5.9×12 topics
  19. Habitat Fragmentation3▲ 12×5 topics
  20. Catalysis3▲ 3.8×10 topics
  21. Medicinal Plants3▲ 5.8×11 topics
  22. Applications3▲ 7.9×3 topics
  23. Antioxidant Activity3▲ 3.3×16 topics
  24. Phylogeny3▲ 12×8 topics
  25. Invasive Species2▲ 4.7×11 topics
  26. Nanofluids2▲ 23×1 topic
  27. Thermal Conductivity2▲ 12×1 topic
  28. Viscosity2▲ 28×2 topics
  29. Metabolism2▲ 3.4×10 topics
  30. Phylogenetic Analysis2▲ 5.8×6 topics
  31. Antimicrobial2▲ 5.3×6 topics
  32. Cytotoxicity2▲ 11×6 topics
  33. Solar Wind2▲ 16×2 topics
  34. Ecosystem2▲ 13×4 topics
  35. Green Synthesis2▲ 7.5×3 topics
  36. Green Chemistry2▲ 6.9×4 topics
  37. Ionosphere2▲ 21×1 topic
  38. Magnetosphere2▲ 21×1 topic
  39. Oxidation2▲ 7.8×2 topics
  40. Polymer Electrolyte Membranes2▲ 16×1 topic

Which research topics does Pakistan Academy of Sciences publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion, Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer, Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics and Fuel Cells and Related Materials.

Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion: 3 fractional worksNanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer: 2 fractional worksIonosphere and magnetosphere dynamics: 2 fractional worksFuel Cells and Related Materials: 2 fractional worksHeat Transfer Mechanisms: 1 fractional worksCatalytic Processes in Materials Science: 1 fractional worksEcology and Vegetation D…1Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies: 1 fractional worksNanoparticles: synthesis and applications: 1 fractional worksHealthcare Systems and Reforms: 1 fractional worksDust and Plasma Wave Phe…1Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena: 1 fractional works
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the EnvironmentBiomedical EngineeringAstronomy and AstrophysicsElectrical and Electronic Engineering5 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment 3 works
  2. 2 Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Biomedical Engineering 2 works
  3. 3 Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics Astronomy and Astrophysics 2 works
  4. 4 Fuel Cells and Related Materials Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2 works
  5. 5 Heat Transfer Mechanisms Mechanical Engineering 1 works
  6. 6 Catalytic Processes in Materials Science Materials Chemistry 1 works
  7. 7 Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies Nature and Landscape Conservation 1 works
  8. 8 Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications Materials Chemistry 1 works
  9. 9 Healthcare Systems and Reforms Finance 1 works
  10. 10 Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics 1 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available47.5%not open52.5%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors42.1%domestic only57.9%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Pakistan Academy of Sciences's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 117% higher than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Pakistan Academy of Sciences as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.00068% in 2024.

still counting0.00025%0.00050%0.00075%Pakistan Academy of Sciences0.00048% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Pakistan Academy of Sciences over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

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Pakistan Academy of Sciences on Science Explorer

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