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Subfield · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Clinical Biochemistry research

Clinical Biochemistry is a subfield of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. Science Explorer counts 146k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: study of chemical processes in living organisms.

Research works
146k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
15k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
4
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+4%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
30% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Clinical Biochemistry

What is Clinical Biochemistry research about, and what is growing?

By the world's output in 2021-25, its most used keywords are Biochemical Genetics, Metabolic Disorders, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, Microorganism Identification, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress. Gaining share since 2011-15: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, Microorganism Identification. Losing share: Atherosclerosis, Paraoxonase.

▲ gaining share of this field◆ holding its share▼ losing share

Size is the world's fractional works in 2021-25 in the topics tagged with each word; colour compares the word's share of this field with 2011-15. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 10 words, with their numbers
  1. Biochemical Genetics9,536◆ 0.91×1 topic
  2. Metabolic Disorders9,536◆ 0.91×1 topic
  3. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry7,776▲ 1.28×1 topic
  4. Microorganism Identification7,776▲ 1.28×1 topic
  5. Inflammation5,608◆ 0.88×2 topics
  6. Oxidative Stress5,608◆ 0.88×2 topics
  7. Advanced Glycation End Products4,728◆ 0.94×1 topic
  8. HMGB14,728◆ 0.94×1 topic
  9. Atherosclerosis879▼ 0.66×1 topic
  10. Paraoxonase879▼ 0.66×1 topic

Which countries lead Clinical Biochemistry research?

On research quality in 2022-now, the United States, China and Germany rank highest in Clinical Biochemistry. By volume, the United States and China publish the most (3.9k and 3.5k works in 2022-now).

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States #1 all time 0.95× citation excellence · 1.69× journals · 100% breadth 10.2% top 10% · 3.5k works
  2. 2 China #4 all time 1.40× citation excellence · 1.08× journals · 100% breadth 15.0% top 10% · 3.1k works
  3. 3 Germany #2 all time 1.40× citation excellence · 1.52× journals · 100% breadth 11.1% top 10% · 656 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom #3 all time 1.34× citation excellence · 1.60× journals · 100% breadth 13.7% top 10% · 607 works
  5. 5 France #5 all time 1.10× citation excellence · 1.35× journals · 100% breadth 8.9% top 10% · 471 works
  6. 6 Australia #9 all time 1.36× citation excellence · 1.29× journals · 100% breadth 14.7% top 10% · 302 works
  7. 7 Netherlands #7 all time 1.44× citation excellence · 1.39× journals · 100% breadth 13.4% top 10% · 226 works
  8. 8 Canada #8 all time 1.12× citation excellence · 1.34× journals · 100% breadth 12.9% top 10% · 310 works
  9. 9 Spain #11 all time 1.15× citation excellence · 0.93× journals · 100% breadth 11.3% top 10% · 446 works
  10. 10 Italy #12 all time 1.46× citation excellence · 0.57× journals · 100% breadth 15.5% top 10% · 547 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 19 countries ranked in Clinical Biochemistry. Ranked on the quality score for 2022-now; the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in Clinical Biochemistry

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 3.9k works
  2. 2 China 3.5k works
  3. 3 India 1.3k works
  4. 4 Japan 820 works
  5. 5 Germany 726 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 681 works
  7. 7 Italy 613 works
  8. 8 Türkiye 594 works
  9. 9 France 521 works
  10. 10 Spain 499 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 29.7%China: 26.6%India: 10.1%Japan: 6.2%6 others listed: 27.4%30%largest
United States3,944 · 29.7%China3,522 · 26.6%India1,339 · 10.1%Japan820 · 6.2%6 others listed3,635 · 27.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Clinical Biochemistry research?

Harvard University (United States) ranks first in Clinical Biochemistry on research quality in 2022-now, followed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Inserm.

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard University United States · Cambridge · #1 all time 13.0% top 10% · 113 works
  2. 2 Shanghai Jiao Tong University China · Shanghai · #52 all time 16.0% top 10% · 79 works
  3. 3 Inserm France · Paris · #19 all time 11.8% top 10% · 63 works
  4. 4 Zhejiang University China · Hangzhou · #88 all time 15.6% top 10% · 72 works
  5. 5 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique France · Paris · #24 all time 10.4% top 10% · 68 works
  6. 6 Mayo Clinic United States · Rochester · #50 all time 10.0% top 10% · 66 works
  7. 7 Capital Medical University China · Beijing 10.8% top 10% · 68 works
  8. 8 Russian Academy of Sciences Russia · Moscow 4.0% top 10% · 72 works
  9. 9 All India Institute of Medical Sciences India · New Delhi 3.3% top 10% · 64 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 9 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in Clinical Biochemistry.

Top 100 Clinical Biochemistry institutions

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 129 works
  2. 2 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 89 works
  3. 3 Zhejiang UniversityChina 80 works
  4. 4 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 79 works
  5. 5 Capital Medical UniversityChina 78 works
  6. 6 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 74 works
  7. 7 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 74 works
  8. 8 Mayo ClinicUnited States 73 works
  9. 9 InsermFrance 71 works
  10. 10 Nanjing Medical UniversityChina 65 works

Who are the leading researchers in Clinical Biochemistry?

Counting only their work in Clinical Biochemistry, Ann Marie Schmidt, Helen Vlassara and Douglas C. Wallace have the most papers in the world top 10% for their subfield and year beyond the 10% expected.

  1. 1 Ann Marie Schmidt United States · #27,317 worldwide overall 51.2 of 122 papers here in the top 10%
  2. 2 Helen Vlassara United States · #4,762 worldwide overall 37.0 of 67 papers here in the top 10%
  3. 3 Douglas C. Wallace United States · #9,741 worldwide overall 37.3 of 75 papers here in the top 10%
  4. 4 Patrick Francis Chinnery United Kingdom · #45,496 worldwide overall 40.5 of 114 papers here in the top 10%
  5. 5 Kevin J. Tracey United States · #7,363 worldwide overall 35.1 of 64 papers here in the top 10%
  6. 6 Massimo Zeviani Italy · #34,942 worldwide overall 36.7 of 102 papers here in the top 10%
  7. 7 Douglass M. Turnbull United Kingdom · #116,411 worldwide overall 39.0 of 155 papers here in the top 10%
  8. 8 Ronald J. A. Wanders Netherlands · #172,757 worldwide overall 42.1 of 199 papers here in the top 10%
  9. 9 Salvatore DiMauro United States · #91,435 worldwide overall 31.4 of 95 papers here in the top 10%
  10. 10 John Baynes United States · #26,409 worldwide overall 27.5 of 55 papers here in the top 10%

Ranked on their work in Clinical Biochemistry alone: how many more of their papers here reached the world top 10% for their subfield and year than the 10% expected, among 727,126 ranked researchers with a paper here. Each paper counts once, so many strong papers outrank one famous one, and a long record of ordinary papers does not climb. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 Clinical Biochemistry researchers

What are the most cited papers in Clinical Biochemistry?

The most cited paper in Clinical Biochemistry is "Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method" (Alfred W. Bauer, William M. M. Kirby, J. C. Sherris et al., 1966), with 18,626 citations. Next come "Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees." (11,497) and "Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications" (9,153).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method Alfred W. Bauer, William M. M. Kirby, J. C. Sherris et al. · American Journal of Clinical Pathology Apr 1966 18,626
2 Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Koichiro Tamura, M Nei · Molecular Biology and Evolution Open access May 1993 11,497
3 Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications Michael Brownlee · Nature 13 Dec 2001 9,153
4 Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study IRENE M. STRATTON · BMJ Open access 12 Aug 2000 9,131
5 Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent Jozef Sedlak, Raymond H. Lindsay · Analytical Biochemistry 1968 8,107
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Clinical Biochemistry research done?

The largest centres of Clinical Biochemistry research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Guangzhou (China) and Tokyo (Japan).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 453 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 264 works
  3. 3 GuangzhouChina 216 works
  4. 4 TokyoJapan 211 works
  5. 5 LondonUnited Kingdom 201 works
  6. 6 ParisFrance 196 works
  7. 7 SeoulSouth Korea 169 works
  8. 8 HangzhouChina 157 works
  9. 9 MoscowRussia 156 works
  10. 10 MadridSpain 149 works
See Clinical Biochemistry on the map

Clinical Biochemistry research by country

The best places for Clinical Biochemistry research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study Clinical Biochemistry?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University and University of Cambridge score highest, combining standing in the field's ranking, citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 15.79%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of Cambri…University of OxfordHarvard UniversityJohns Hopkins Univer…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Standingthis field's institution ranking, three quarters all time and a quarter 2022-now
50%
Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
20%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
5%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
15%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
5%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
5%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreRank in field (all time)Top 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 84.9#1 (#1)13.1%2.4×129 -1.3%
2Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 59.3- (#3)11.9%2.3×60 -11.4%
3University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 52.8- (#9)26.9%1.4×29 -25.4%
4University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 52.3- (#6)17.7%1.4×33 -9.3%
5Columbia UniversityUnited States 51.9- (#4)15.1%1.2×24 -26.1%
6University College LondonUnited Kingdom 51.8- (#7)15.6%1.9×54 -15.6%
7Cornell UniversityUnited States 51.4- (#5)12.6%1.9×43 -23.0%
8Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 48.2#2 (#52)16.1%1.8×89 +1.1%
9Stanford UniversityUnited States 48.2- (#10)16.9%1.3×32 -1.8%
10University of PennsylvaniaUnited States 45.5- (#12)12.0%2.2×40 -3.5%

Universities only. The score blends standing (50%), citation excellence (20%), size (15%), specialisation (5%), growth (5%), international reach (5%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise. Standing is the score in this field's institution ranking, three quarters over all time and a quarter 2022-now; excellence averages the two windows too. Four years alone undercount fields such as AI, where many conference and arXiv papers from 2022 on carry no affiliation in the data.

Every institution in Clinical Biochemistry, country by country

Is Clinical Biochemistry research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 4% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing, Metabolism and Genetic Disorders and Advanced Glycation End Products research.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Clinical Biochemistry as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.085% in 2024.

still counting0.20%0.40%Clinical Biochemistry0.082% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Clinical Biochemistry over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Clinical Biochemistry10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

  1. Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing+8%
  2. Metabolism and Genetic Disorders+4%
  3. Advanced Glycation End Products research+0%
  4. Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms-9%
← shrinkingno changegrowing →

Growth in output from 2018-21 to 2022-25. Every topic is a page of its own.

What does Clinical Biochemistry include?

Metabolism and Genetic D…85kMetabolism and Genetic Disorders: 85k fractional worksBacterial Identification…33kBacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing: 33k fractional worksAdvanced Glycation End Products research: 23k fractional worksParaoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms: 5,101 fractional works

Area is fractional works in that topic. Every name below is a page of its own.

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Who leads Clinical Biochemistry, on Science Explorer

A card with the countries and institutions that lead Clinical Biochemistry, for a post or a slide.

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1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

The leading institutions' badges6Each links to that institution's page and updates with every snapshot

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