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Endocrinology research

Endocrinology is a subfield of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. Science Explorer counts 109k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: medical specialty.

Research works
109k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
11k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
7
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+9%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
28% of the 10 largest, 2022-now

What is Endocrinology research about, and what is growing?

By the world's output in 2021-25, its most used keywords are Epidemiology, Genomic Analysis, Cholera, Vibrio cholerae, Vaccine Development, Biofilm Formation. Gaining share since 2011-15: Nosocomial Infections, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Losing share: Escherichia coli, Pathogenicity, Genomic Analysis.

▲ gaining share of this field◆ holding its share▼ losing share

Size is the world's fractional works in 2021-25 in the topics tagged with each word; colour compares the word's share of this field with 2011-15. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 20 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology8,179◆ 1.07×2 topics
  2. Genomic Analysis7,606▼ 0.85×3 topics
  3. Cholera6,550◆ 1.05×1 topic
  4. Vibrio cholerae6,550◆ 1.05×1 topic
  5. Vaccine Development5,368◆ 0.87×2 topics
  6. Biofilm Formation4,097◆ 1.11×2 topics
  7. Virulence Factors3,867◆ 0.93×2 topics
  8. Escherichia coli3,740▼ 0.79×1 topic
  9. Pathogenicity3,740▼ 0.79×1 topic
  10. Pathogenesis3,575◆ 0.99×2 topics
  11. Fungal Symbiosis3,423◆ 1.11×1 topic
  12. Mycoviruses3,423◆ 1.11×1 topic
  13. Nosocomial Infections2,176▲ 1.26×1 topic
  14. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia2,176▲ 1.26×1 topic
  15. Amoebae1,946◆ 0.89×1 topic
  16. Legionella1,946◆ 0.89×1 topic
  17. Cronobacter sakazakii1,921◆ 0.97×1 topic
  18. Enterobacteriaceae1,921◆ 0.97×1 topic
  19. Corynebacterium1,628◆ 1.14×1 topic
  20. Infections1,628◆ 1.14×1 topic

Which countries lead Endocrinology research?

On research quality in 2022-now, the United States, China and France rank highest in Endocrinology. By volume, China and the United States publish the most (3.4k and 3.2k works in 2022-now).

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States #1 all time 1.11× citation excellence · 1.86× journals · 100% breadth 11.7% top 10% · 2.7k works
  2. 2 China #6 all time 1.28× citation excellence · 1.11× journals · 100% breadth 14.4% top 10% · 2.9k works
  3. 3 France #2 all time 1.31× citation excellence · 1.78× journals · 100% breadth 11.2% top 10% · 576 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom #3 all time 1.40× citation excellence · 1.70× journals · 100% breadth 15.3% top 10% · 514 works
  5. 5 Germany #4 all time 1.29× citation excellence · 1.65× journals · 100% breadth 13.0% top 10% · 390 works
  6. 6 Australia #8 all time 1.35× citation excellence · 1.53× journals · 100% breadth 14.7% top 10% · 274 works
  7. 7 Canada #7 all time 1.29× citation excellence · 1.44× journals · 100% breadth 12.4% top 10% · 317 works
  8. 8 Spain #9 all time 1.17× citation excellence · 0.97× journals · 100% breadth 10.6% top 10% · 411 works
  9. 9 South Korea #15 all time 0.96× citation excellence · 0.76× journals · 100% breadth 9.6% top 10% · 341 works
  10. 10 Italy #16 all time 1.20× citation excellence · 0.54× journals · 100% breadth 13.8% top 10% · 376 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 19 countries ranked in Endocrinology. Ranked on the quality score for 2022-now; the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in Endocrinology

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 3.4k works
  2. 2 United States 3.2k works
  3. 3 India 1.4k works
  4. 4 France 680 works
  5. 5 United Kingdom 614 works
  6. 6 Japan 611 works
  7. 7 Brazil 597 works
  8. 8 Spain 483 works
  9. 9 Germany 465 works
  10. 10 Türkiye 459 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 28.4%United States: 26.7%India: 12.1%France: 5.7%6 others listed: 27.1%28%largest
China3,386 · 28.4%United States3,180 · 26.7%India1,440 · 12.1%France680 · 5.7%6 others listed3,229 · 27.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Endocrinology research?

Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) ranks first in Endocrinology on research quality in 2022-now, followed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Zhejiang University.

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of Sciences China · Beijing · #9 all time 19.2% top 10% · 94 works
  2. 2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique France · Paris · #2 all time 11.9% top 10% · 114 works
  3. 3 Zhejiang University China · Hangzhou · #31 all time 20.1% top 10% · 72 works
  4. 4 Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences China · Beijing · #41 all time 13.3% top 10% · 169 works
  5. 5 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China · Beijing · #100 all time 10.5% top 10% · 68 works
  6. 6 United States Department of Agriculture United States · Washington · #90 all time 10.7% top 10% · 100 works
  7. 7 Russian Academy of Sciences Russia · Moscow 3.9% top 10% · 84 works
  8. 8 Indian Council of Agricultural Research India · New Delhi 4.9% top 10% · 105 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 8 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in Endocrinology.

Top 100 Endocrinology institutions

Who are the leading researchers in Endocrinology?

Counting only their work in Endocrinology, John J. Mekalanos, James B. Kaper and Stanley Falkow have the most papers in the world top 10% for their subfield and year beyond the 10% expected.

  1. 1 John J. Mekalanos United States · #4,479 worldwide overall 51.7 of 110 papers here in the top 10%
  2. 2 James B. Kaper United States · #42,845 worldwide overall 48.1 of 138 papers here in the top 10%
  3. 3 Stanley Falkow United States · #1,587 worldwide overall 37.8 of 66 papers here in the top 10%
  4. 4 Rita R. Colwell United States · #91,139 worldwide overall 46.2 of 158 papers here in the top 10%
  5. 5 Philippe Jean Sansonetti France · #22,657 worldwide overall 40.2 of 109 papers here in the top 10%
  6. 6 B. Brett Finlay Canada · #9,923 worldwide overall 37.9 of 106 papers here in the top 10%
  7. 7 Scott J. Hultgren United States · #3,018 worldwide overall 30.9 of 62 papers here in the top 10%
  8. 8 Gordon Dougan United Kingdom · #21,002 worldwide overall 35.0 of 110 papers here in the top 10%
  9. 9 Myron M. Levine United States · #57,276 worldwide overall 36.3 of 129 papers here in the top 10%
  10. 10 Jorge E. Galán United States · #5,464 worldwide overall 24.0 of 42 papers here in the top 10%

Ranked on their work in Endocrinology alone: how many more of their papers here reached the world top 10% for their subfield and year than the 10% expected, among 469,171 ranked researchers with a paper here. Each paper counts once, so many strong papers outrank one famous one, and a long record of ordinary papers does not climb. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 Endocrinology researchers

What are the most cited papers in Endocrinology?

The most cited paper in Endocrinology is "A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA" (H. Chaim Birnboim, Janine Doly, 1979), with 14,900 citations. Next come "Bacterial Biofilms: A Common Cause of Persistent Infections" (12,236) and "Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing" (8,250).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA H. Chaim Birnboim, Janine Doly · Nucleic Acids Research Open access 24 Nov 1979 14,900
2 Bacterial Biofilms: A Common Cause of Persistent Infections John William Costerton, Philip Shook Stewart, Everett Peter Greenberg · Science 21 May 1999 12,236
3 Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing Fred C. Tenover, R D Arbeit, Richard Vernon Goering et al. · Journal of Clinical Microbiology Open access Sep 1995 8,250
4 Bacterial biofilms: from the Natural environment to infectious diseases Luanne Hall‐Stoodley, John William Costerton, Paul Stoodley · Nature Reviews Microbiology Review 14 Jan 2004 7,252
5 Biofilms: Survival Mechanisms of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms Rodney M. Donlan, John William Costerton · Clinical Microbiology Reviews Open access Apr 2002 6,669
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Endocrinology research done?

The largest centres of Endocrinology research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Paris (France), Guangzhou (China) and Shanghai (China).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 549 works
  2. 2 ParisFrance 268 works
  3. 3 GuangzhouChina 197 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 183 works
  5. 5 HangzhouChina 165 works
  6. 6 LondonUnited Kingdom 160 works
  7. 7 TokyoJapan 160 works
  8. 8 TehranIran 158 works
  9. 9 SeoulSouth Korea 144 works
  10. 10 São PauloBrazil 142 works
See Endocrinology on the map

Endocrinology research by country

The best places for Endocrinology research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study Endocrinology?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Yale University and Washington University in St. Louis score highest, combining standing in the field's ranking, citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 17.37%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Washington Universit…Zhejiang UniversityHarvard UniversityYale University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Standingthis field's institution ranking, three quarters all time and a quarter 2022-now
50%
Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
20%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
5%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
15%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
5%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
5%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreRank in field (all time)Top 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 80.9- (#1)16.5%1.1×61 -24.8%
2Yale UniversityUnited States 60.5- (#6)13.6%1.7×32 +10.8%
3Washington University in St. LouisUnited States 59.2- (#5)20.0%2.0×24 -20.1%
4Zhejiang UniversityChina 58.3#3 (#31)19.0%1.7×79 +26.0%
5University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 55.1- (#10)22.5%1.4×34 -35.5%
6Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 55.0- (#13)15.9%1.8×46 +13.6%
7Stanford UniversityUnited States 52.8- (#8)17.4%0.7×18 -9.0%
8Cornell UniversityUnited States 49.8- (#16)14.6%2.2×49 -4.9%
9University of WashingtonUnited States 47.2- (#12)15.3%1.2×22 -21.7%
10Université Paris CitéFrance 46.9- (#28)18.9%2.8×36 +27.6%

Universities only. The score blends standing (50%), citation excellence (20%), size (15%), specialisation (5%), growth (5%), international reach (5%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise. Standing is the score in this field's institution ranking, three quarters over all time and a quarter 2022-now; excellence averages the two windows too. Four years alone undercount fields such as AI, where many conference and arXiv papers from 2022 on carry no affiliation in the data.

Every institution in Endocrinology, country by country

Is Endocrinology research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 9% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Infections and bacterial resistance, Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus and Vibrio bacteria research studies.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Endocrinology as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.077% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Endocrinology0.084% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Endocrinology over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Endocrinology10.4% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

  1. Infections and bacterial resistance+26%
  2. Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus+14%
  3. Vibrio bacteria research studies+10%
  4. Legionella and Acanthamoeba research+9%
  5. Plant and Fungal Interactions Research+5%
  6. Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research+2%
← shrinkingno changegrowing →

Growth in output from 2018-21 to 2022-25. Every topic is a page of its own.

What does Endocrinology include?

Vibrio bacteria research…29kVibrio bacteria research studies: 29k fractional worksEscherichia coli researc…25kEscherichia coli research studies: 25k fractional worksPlant and Fungal Interactions Research: 16k fractional worksLegionella and Acanthamoeba research: 10k fractional worksEnterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research: 10k fractional worksDiphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus: 9,225 fractional worksInfections and bacterial resistance: 9,086 fractional works

Area is fractional works in that topic. Every name below is a page of its own.

Share who leads Endocrinology

Who leads Endocrinology, on Science Explorer

A card with the countries and institutions that lead Endocrinology, for a post or a slide.

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1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

The leading institutions' badges6Each links to that institution's page and updates with every snapshot

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