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Topic · Molecular Biology

Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization

Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization is a research topic within Molecular Biology. Science Explorer counts 50k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the advancements in enzyme immobilization techniques, biocatalysis, and their industrial applications. It covers topics such as improving enzyme stability, directed evolution, utilization of organic solvents, the role of lipases, support materials for immobilization, catalytic promiscuity, and the application of green chemistry principles.

  • Enzyme Immobilization
  • Biocatalysis
  • Industrial Applications
  • Enzyme Stability
  • Directed Evolution
  • Organic Solvents
  • Lipases
  • Support Materials
  • Catalytic Promiscuity
  • Green Chemistry
Research works
50k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
5k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-1%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
41% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization

Which countries lead Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization research?

By volume, China and India publish the most (2k and 732 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 2k works
  2. 2 India 732 works
  3. 3 United States 518 works
  4. 4 Brazil 355 works
  5. 5 Germany 306 works
  6. 6 Spain 221 works
  7. 7 Japan 190 works
  8. 8 South Korea 183 works
  9. 9 United Kingdom 157 works
  10. 10 France 147 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 41.4%India: 15.3%United States: 10.8%Brazil: 7.4%6 others listed: 25.1%41%largest
China1,987 · 41.4%India732 · 15.3%United States518 · 10.8%Brazil355 · 7.4%6 others listed1,203 · 25.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization research, followed by Jiangnan University and Nanjing Tech University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 140 works
  2. 2 Jiangnan UniversityChina 132 works
  3. 3 Nanjing Tech UniversityChina 61 works
  4. 4 Zhejiang University of TechnologyChina 58 works
  5. 5 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 52 works
  6. 6 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 52 works
  7. 7 East China University of Science and TechnologyChina 49 works
  8. 8 Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyChina 41 works
  9. 9 Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina 37 works
  10. 10 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSpain 37 works

Who are the leading researchers in Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization include Peer Bork, Róbert Langer and George M. Whitesides.

  1. 1 Peer Bork Germany 396k citations
  2. 2 Róbert Langer United States 303k citations
  3. 3 George M. Whitesides United States 267k citations
  4. 4 Wei Huang China 267k citations
  5. 5 Lei Jiang China 214k citations
  6. 6 Guangming Zeng China 204k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization?

The most cited paper in Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization is "Biodiesel from microalgae" (Yusuf Chisti, 2007), with 9,356 citations. Next come "Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals" (5,939) and "Dissolution of Cellose with Ionic Liquids" (4,729).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Biodiesel from microalgae Yusuf Chisti · Biotechnology Advances 14 Feb 2007 9,356
2 Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals Avelino Corma, Sara Iborra, Alexandra Velty · Chemical Reviews Review 30 May 2007 5,939
3 Dissolution of Cellose with Ionic Liquids Richard P. Swatloski, Scott K. Spear, John D. Holbrey et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society 17 Apr 2002 4,729
4 Improvement of enzyme activity, stability and selectivity via immobilization techniques César Mateo, José M. Palomo, Gloria Fernández‐Lorente et al. · Enzyme and Microbial Technology 7 Feb 2007 3,369
5 Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review Eva M. Martín del Valle · Process Biochemistry 11 Oct 2003 3,359
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization research done?

The largest centres of Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Wuxi (China), Nanjing (China) and Shanghai (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Wuxi and Kongens Lyngby.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 285 works
  2. 2 WuxiChina 165 works
  3. 3 NanjingChina 155 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 132 works
  5. 5 HangzhouChina 121 works
  6. 6 TianjinChina 118 works
  7. 7 GuangzhouChina 84 works
  8. 8 SeoulSouth Korea 83 works
  9. 9 WuhanChina 80 works
  10. 10 MadridSpain 70 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. WuxiCN · 165.2 works24×
  2. Kongens LyngbyDK · 33.9 works9.5×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization than the world average.

See Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization on the map

Where is the best place to study Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization?

Among universities, judged by research, Jiangnan University, University of Manchester and Technical University of Denmark score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 19.47%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of Manche…Jiangnan UniversityNanjing Tech Univers…Technical University…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Jiangnan UniversityChina 69.015.7%35.9×132 +36.0%
2University of ManchesterUnited Kingdom 64.030.5%4.5×23 -15.8%
3Technical University of DenmarkDenmark 61.114.1%10.6×34 +4.4%
4Nanjing Tech UniversityChina 60.614.8%19.8×61 +63.9%
5Imperial College LondonUnited Kingdom 57.729.1%1.6×10 +34.0%
6Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyChina 56.517.3%26.3×31 +23.3%
7Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyChina 56.014.2%15.3×41 +23.0%
8Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologySouth Korea 56.026.8%4.6×14 -28.2%
9Monash University MalaysiaMalaysia 54.416.8%15.8×10 +327.4%
10Nanjing Normal UniversityChina 54.015.4%9.8×22 +243.9%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization, country by country

Is Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 1% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.030% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization0.030% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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