Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
Topic · Molecular Biology

Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications

Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications is a research topic within Molecular Biology. Science Explorer counts 48k research works in it since 1950. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for quantitative analysis of gene expression, including topics such as normalization strategies, reference gene selection, RNA integrity assessment, and data analysis methods. The MIQE guidelines for minimum information in publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments are emphasized.

  • Real-Time PCR
  • Quantitative
  • Normalization
  • Reference Genes
  • RNA Integrity
  • Data Analysis
  • Housekeeping Genes
  • MIQE Guidelines
  • Reverse Transcription
  • Gene Expression
Research works
48k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
4.9k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+3%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
38% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications

Which countries lead Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.7k and 1.2k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 1.7k works
  2. 2 China 1.2k works
  3. 3 India 352 works
  4. 4 Germany 251 works
  5. 5 United Kingdom 228 works
  6. 6 Japan 221 works
  7. 7 South Korea 157 works
  8. 8 France 150 works
  9. 9 Italy 142 works
  10. 10 Canada 138 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 37.7%China: 25.9%India: 7.8%Germany: 5.6%6 others listed: 23.0%38%largest
United States1,693 · 37.7%China1,164 · 25.9%India352 · 7.8%Germany251 · 5.6%6 others listed1,036 · 23.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications research, followed by Russian Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 43 works
  2. 2 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 41 works
  3. 3 Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina 41 works
  4. 4 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 38 works
  5. 5 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 37 works
  6. 6 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 36 works
  7. 7 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 35 works
  8. 8 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUnited States 28 works
  9. 9 Sichuan UniversityChina 28 works
  10. 10 Stanford UniversityUnited States 25 works

Who are the leading researchers in Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications include Douglas G. Altman, Eric S. Lander and Rob Knight.

  1. 1 Douglas G. Altman United Kingdom 862k citations
  2. 2 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
  3. 3 Rob Knight United States 468k citations
  4. 4 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  5. 5 Walter Churchill Willett United States 411k citations
  6. 6 Richard M. Durbin United Kingdom 410k citations
  7. 7 Mark J. Daly United States 403k citations
  8. 8 Stacey L. Gabriel United States 402k citations
  9. 9 Peer Bork Germany 396k citations
  10. 10 Robert John Tibshirani United States 396k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications?

The most cited paper in Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications is "Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT Method" (Kenneth J. Livak, Thomas D. Schmittgen, 2001), with 184,956 citations. Next come "Single-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate–Phenol–Chloroform Extraction" (63,261) and "Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction" (47,055).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT Method Kenneth J. Livak, Thomas D. Schmittgen · Methods Dec 2001 184,956
2 Single-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate–Phenol–Chloroform Extraction P CHOMZYNSKI · Analytical Biochemistry Apr 1987 63,261
3 Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction Piotr Chomczyński, Nicoletta Sacchi · Analytical Biochemistry Apr 1987 47,055
4 limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies Matthew E. Ritchie, Belinda Phipson, Di Wu et al. · Nucleic Acids Research Open access 20 Jan 2015 44,530
5 A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR Michael Walter Pfaffl · Nucleic Acids Research Open access May 2001 35,329
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications research done?

The largest centres of Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Guangzhou (China) and Seoul (South Korea). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Bethesda.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 191 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 99 works
  3. 3 GuangzhouChina 75 works
  4. 4 SeoulSouth Korea 74 works
  5. 5 New YorkUnited States 71 works
  6. 6 LondonUnited Kingdom 71 works
  7. 7 TokyoJapan 66 works
  8. 8 ParisFrance 61 works
  9. 9 MoscowRussia 55 works
  10. 10 NanjingChina 50 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. BethesdaUS · 37.9 works5.2×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications than the world average.

See Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications on the map

Where is the best place to study Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 17.7%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Harvard UniversityYale UniversityJohns Hopkins Univer…Stanford University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 72.518.0%2.5×43 -23.3%
2Stanford UniversityUnited States 68.711.1%3.2×25 +11.6%
3Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 65.113.6%3.0×25 +11.2%
4Yale UniversityUnited States 62.017.7%2.9×16 +58.2%
5Ghent UniversityBelgium 61.819.4%2.8×12 -11.2%
6University of HelsinkiFinland 57.525.4%2.4×9 +22.6%
7University of CopenhagenDenmark 56.012.2%3.7×18 +51.8%
8University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUnited States 53.626.7%1.8×8 +90.6%
9Fudan UniversityChina 53.116.3%2.6×22 +69.4%
10University of WashingtonUnited States 53.016.6%2.4×14 -8.5%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications, country by country

Is Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 3% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2019. The fastest-growing topics are Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.028% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications0.026% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications10.4% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications. Posts are plain text and can be reported.