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Topic · Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications

Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications is a research topic within Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine. Science Explorer counts 23k research works in it since 1950. 10.4% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the association between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and cerebrovascular events, including cryptogenic stroke and paradoxical embolism. It explores the effectiveness of transcatheter closure, medical therapy, and the risk factors associated with PFO, such as migraine and thrombus formation. Additionally, it discusses the management of neurological events and decompression illness in relation to PFO.

  • Patent Foramen Ovale
  • Cryptogenic Stroke
  • Transcatheter Closure
  • Atrial Septal Defect
  • Migraine
  • Paradoxical Embolism
  • Medical Therapy
  • Neurological Events
  • Thrombus Formation
  • Decompression Illness
Research works
23k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.4k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.4%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+7%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
38% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1.1k and 513 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 1.1k works
  2. 2 China 513 works
  3. 3 Japan 210 works
  4. 4 Italy 180 works
  5. 5 India 178 works
  6. 6 France 147 works
  7. 7 Brazil 145 works
  8. 8 United Kingdom 144 works
  9. 9 Germany 131 works
  10. 10 Spain 116 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 38.4%China: 17.9%Japan: 7.3%Italy: 6.3%6 others listed: 30.1%38%largest
United States1,098 · 38.4%China513 · 17.9%Japan210 · 7.3%Italy180 · 6.3%6 others listed862 · 30.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications research, followed by Mayo Clinic and Sichuan University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 34 works
  2. 2 Mayo ClinicUnited States 32 works
  3. 3 Sichuan UniversityChina 21 works
  4. 4 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 21 works
  5. 5 Capital Medical UniversityChina 20 works
  6. 6 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 19 works
  7. 7 University of TorontoCanada 17 works
  8. 8 University of California, Los AngelesUnited States 17 works
  9. 9 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 15 works
  10. 10 United States Department of DefenseUnited States 15 works

Who are the leading researchers in Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications include Emelia J. Benjamin, Jun Wang and Stephan Windecker.

  1. 1 Emelia J. Benjamin United States 341k citations
  2. 2 Jun Wang China 340k citations
  3. 3 Stephan Windecker Switzerland 338k citations
  4. 4 Matthias Egger Switzerland 326k citations
  5. 5 Graeme J. Hankey Australia 316k citations
  6. 6 Gordon Henry Guyatt Canada 315k citations
  7. 7 Gregory Y.H. Lip United Kingdom 311k citations
  8. 8 Peter Jüni Switzerland 303k citations
  9. 9 Frank B. Hu United States 281k citations
  10. 10 Victoria Delgado Netherlands 269k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications?

The most cited paper in Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications is "The incidence of congenital heart disease" (Julien I.E. Hoffman, Samuel Kaplan, 2002), with 6,175 citations. Next come "Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease" (6,164) and "Epidemiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population Health Perspective" (4,280).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The incidence of congenital heart disease Julien I.E. Hoffman, Samuel Kaplan · Journal of the American College of Cardiology Open access Jun 2002 6,175
2 Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease Clive Kearon, Elie A. Akl, Anthony James Comerota et al. · CHEST Journal Open access Feb 2012 6,164
3 Epidemiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Population Health Perspective Terry B Young, Paul E. Peppard, Daniel J. Gottlieb · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine May 2002 4,280
4 Prone Positioning in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Claude Guérin et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 20 May 2013 4,142
5 Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Stroke and Death Henry Klar Yaggi, John Concato, Walter N. Kernan et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 9 Nov 2005 3,026
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications research done?

The largest centres of Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Tokyo (Japan), London (United Kingdom) and Shanghai (China).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 85 works
  2. 2 TokyoJapan 48 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 45 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 42 works
  5. 5 ParisFrance 42 works
  6. 6 New YorkUnited States 38 works
  7. 7 SeoulSouth Korea 37 works
  8. 8 MilanItaly 32 works
  9. 9 São PauloBrazil 32 works
  10. 10 IstanbulTürkiye 31 works
See Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications on the map

Where is the best place to study Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, University of Toronto and University of Zurich score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 17.55%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of ZurichHarvard UniversityUniversity of TorontoUniversity of Califo…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 86.019.7%2.9×34 -4.9%
2University of TorontoCanada 75.017.9%2.3×17 +16.4%
3University of ZurichSwitzerland 72.522.8%4.1×11 +19.2%
4University of California, Los AngelesUnited States 67.216.6%4.0×17 +6.4%
5University of California San DiegoUnited States 65.910.2%4.2×15 +22.7%
6Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 63.114.8%5.0×20 +35.7%
7Sichuan UniversityChina 62.716.3%2.6×21 +185.8%
8Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 59.520.7%1.4×15 +33.6%
9Tufts UniversityUnited States 59.019.5%4.8×8 +27.5%
10Capital Medical UniversityChina 56.517.0%5.0×20 -13.6%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications, country by country

Is Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 7% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.017% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications0.018% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications10.4% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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